First report of canine ocular thelaziosis by Thelazia callipaeda in Portugal
Open accessAbstract
Background: Thelazia callipaeda eyeworms are transmitted by the non-biting insect vector Phortica variegata in Europe and infest the conjunctiva(s) of several mammalians, including dogs and humans. Infested hosts might remain asymptomatic or display clinical manifestations characterized by variable degrees of severity. Methods From July to November 2011, nine dogs were detected with eyeworms at two veterinary clinics in Chaves and Bragança (North of Portugal). Nematodes collected from dogs were morphologically and molecularly characterized at species level. Results Nematodes were identified as T. callipaeda. The number of worms collected from each dog ranged from three to 76 (average = 17.9 ± 26.8) and was not associated with the severity of clinical signs. Ocular discharge and conjunctivitis were observed in all dogs and ocular pruritus occurred in six of them. Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of a portion of target cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene further identified all nematodes as haplotype 1. Conclusions This is the first report of T. callipaeda and associated ocular disease in dogs from Portugal, suggesting that thelaziosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of canine ocular affections. The risk of the infestation spreading from Spain and France to Portugal, through domestic dogs or wild mammals, is realistic.
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Based on the GARP model, the number of reports of Thelazia callipaeda infestation may be expected to increase over the next years in areas where it is now considered non-endemic.
“Based on this model, the number of reports of T. callipaeda infestation may be expected to increase over the next years in areas where it is now considered as non-endemic.”
From Vector-borne helminths of dogs and humans in Europe (2013) · cites this paper as [15]
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Hamza, A., & Tambo, N. (1977) · Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers (Hokkaido University)
Kedi ve Köpeklerin Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları
Dinçer, E., Sarıkaya, E., Koç, N., Akyüz, M., Kirman, R., GÖKPINAR, S., BABACAN, Z. B., Çelik, Ö. Y., Baldaz, V., Durmaz, S., et al. (2026) · Akademisyen Kitabevi eBooks · doi:10.37609/akya.4220
- Authors
- Vieira, L., Rodrigues, F. T., Costa, Á., Diz-Lopes, D., Machado, J., Coutinho, T., Tuna, J., Latrofa, M. S., Cardoso, L., & Otranto, D.
- Affiliations
- Instituto Nacional de Silicosis (ES)
- University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (PT)
- University of Bari Aldo Moro (IT)
- Venue
- Parasites & Vectors
- Published
- 2012-06-21
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 124-124
- ISSN
- 1756-3305 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3431252
- OpenAlex
- W2099737742
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 4.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Parasites & Vectors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Bari Aldo Moro) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- James Cook University
- Bayer Animal Health
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Helminth infection and control
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Bird parasitology and diseases
- Keywords
- Thelazia callipaeda, dogs, conjunctivitis, Phortica variegata, eye worm, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, first report, Portugal
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Dog Diseases, Dogs, Female, Male, Portugal, Thelazioidea, Spirurida Infections
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