Zoonotic helminths affecting the human eye
Open accessAbstract
Nowaday, zoonoses are an important cause of human parasitic diseases worldwide and a major threat to the socio-economic development, mainly in developing countries. Importantly, zoonotic helminths that affect human eyes (HIE) may cause blindness with severe socio-economic consequences to human communities. These infections include nematodes, cestodes and trematodes, which may be transmitted by vectors (dirofilariasis, onchocerciasis, thelaziasis), food consumption (sparganosis, trichinellosis) and those acquired indirectly from the environment (ascariasis, echinococcosis, fascioliasis). Adult and/or larval stages of HIE may localize into human ocular tissues externally (i.e., lachrymal glands, eyelids, conjunctival sacs) or into the ocular globe (i.e., intravitreous retina, anterior and or posterior chamber) causing symptoms due to the parasitic localization in the eyes or to the immune reaction they elicit in the host. Unfortunately, data on HIE are scant and mostly limited to case reports from different countries. The biology and epidemiology of the most frequently reported HIE are discussed as well as clinical description of the diseases, diagnostic considerations and video clips on their presentation and surgical treatment.
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Canine dirofilarioses by Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens are key examples of the success of vector-borne helminths spreading into non-endemic areas.
“Although canine dirofilarioses by Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens are key examples of the success of VBH spreading into non-endemic areas, another example is represented by Thelazia callipaeda eyeworm, an emergent pathogen of dogs, cats and humans in several regions of Europe.”
From Vector-borne helminths of dogs and humans in Europe (2013) · cites this paper as [1]
Ctenocephalides felis, Ctenocephalides canis and Pulex irritans are intermediate hosts for the filarial nematode Acanthocheilonema reconditum, which is transmitted via their bites to dogs and human beings and causes subcutaneous infection in animals and ocular disease in humans.
“Ctenocephalides felis, C. canis and P. irritans are intermediate hosts for the filarial nematode Acanthocheilonema reconditum, transmitted via their bites to dogs and human beings and a cause of subcutaneous infection in animals and ocular disease in humans [46-48].”
From Fleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes (2013) · cites this paper as [48]
Global climate change is influencing the ecology of helminths with multiple hosts and different transmission routes.
“Indeed, global climate change is influencing the ecology of helminths with multiple hosts and different transmission routes.”
From Pet roundworms and hookworms: A continuing need for global worming (2012) · cites this paper as [4]
Feline and canine extra-intestinal parasitic nematodes are emerging in several countries and spreading into regions previously free from these parasites.
“In the past few years the attention of the Scientific Community has been attracted by feline and canine extra-intestinal parasitic nematodes, which are emerging in several countries and spreading into regions previously free from these parasites.”
From Pet roundworms and hookworms: A continuing need for global worming (2012) · cites this paper as [4]
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Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Altcheh J Nallar M Conca M Biancardi M Freilij H Toxocariasis: clinical and laboratory features in 54 patients An Pediatr (Barc) 2003 58 5 425 431 10.1157/13046522 12724074 · DOI
- De A Garcia CA Gomes AHB de A Garcia Filho CA Vianna RNG Early-stage diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis: imporvmenet of vision after photocoagulation of the worm Eye 2004 18 624 627 10.1038/sj.eye.6700742 14716322 · DOI
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Fleas as parasites of the family Canidae
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Fuehrer, H.-P., Auer, H., Leschnik, M., Silbermayr, K., Duscher, G., & Joachim, A. (2016) · PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases · doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004547 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Thelazia callipaeda: infection in dogs: a new parasite for Spain
Miró, G., Montoya, A., Hernández, L., Dado, D., Vázquez, M. V., Benito, M., Villagrasa, M., Brianti, E., & Otranto, D. (2011) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/1756-3305-4-148 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citationLatrofa, M. S., Montarsi, F., Ciocchetta, S., Annoscia, G., Dantas-Torres, F., Ravagnan, S., Capelli, G., & Otranto, D. (2012) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/1756-3305-5-76 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationHuman ocular filariasis: further evidence on the zoonotic role of Onchocerca lupi
Otranto, D., Dantas-Torres, F., Cebeci, Z., Yeniad, B., Buyukbabani, N., Boral, O. B., Gustinelli, A., Mounir, T., Mutafchiev, Y., & Bain, O. (2012) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/1756-3305-5-84 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationA multiplex PCR for the simultaneous detection of species of filarioids infesting dogs
Latrofa, M. S., Weigl, S., Dantas-Torres, F., Annoscia, G., Traversa, D., Brianti, E., & Otranto, D. (2012) · Acta Tropica · doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.01.006 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationFirst report of canine ocular thelaziosis by Thelazia callipaeda in Portugal
Vieira, L., Rodrigues, F. T., Costa, Á., Diz-Lopes, D., Machado, J., Coutinho, T., Tuna, J., Latrofa, M. S., Cardoso, L., & Otranto, D. (2012) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/1756-3305-5-124 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationEvidences of increasing risk of dirofilarioses in southern Italy
Giangaspero, A., Marangi, M., Latrofa, M. S., Martinelli, D., Traversa, D., Otranto, D., & Genchi, C. (2013) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-012-3206-1 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationFleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes
Traversa, D. (2013) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/1756-3305-6-59 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Czajka, C., Becker, N., Poppert, S., Jöst, H., Schmidt-Chanasit, J., & Krüger, A. (2012) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/1756-3305-5-14 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Latrofa, M. S., Dantas-Torres, F., Annoscia, G., Genchi, M., Traversa, D., & Otranto, D. (2012) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.10.038 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationPanarese, R., Iatta, R., Latrofa, M. S., Zatelli, A., Ignjatović Ćupina, A., Montarsi, F., Pombi, M., Mendoza-Roldan, J. A., Beugnet, F., & Otranto, D. (2020) · International Journal for Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2020.04.002 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Otranto, D., & Eberhard, M. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Bari Aldo Moro (IT)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Corresponding author
- Otranto, Domenico
- ORCID
- Otranto, Domenico
- Venue
- Parasites & Vectors
- Published
- 2011-03-23
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 41-41
- ISSN
- 1756-3305 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3071329
- OpenAlex
- W2172200486
- Cited by
- 203
- References
- 203
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 2.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Parasites & Vectors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Bari Aldo Moro) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Università degli Studi di Messina
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Parasitic infections in humans and animals
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Parasites and Host Interactions
- Keywords
- zoonotic helminths, ocular helminthiasis, ocular infection, blindness, dirofilariasis, onchocerciasis, thelaziasis, sparganosis, trichinellosis, ascariasis, echinococcosis, fascioliasis, diagnosis, surgical treatment
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Helminthiasis, Helminthiasis, Animal, Helminths, Humans, Zoonoses, Eye Infections, Parasitic
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