Effects of prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharide on postoperative cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation through targeting of the gut-brain axis
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Surgery-induced neuroinflammation plays an important role in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Gut microbiota is a key regulator of neurological inflammation. Nurturing with prebiotics is an effective microbiota manipulation that can regulate host immunity and cognition. The aim of the present study was to test whether administration of the prebiotic Bimuno® (galactooligosaccharide (B-GOS) mixture) could ameliorate POCD and attenuate surgery-induced neuroinflammation through the microbiota-brain-axis. METHODS: Adult rats undergoing abdominal surgery under isoflurane anesthesia were fed with water or prebiotic B-GOS supplementation (15 g/L) for 3 weeks. Novel objective recognition task was employed for testing cognitive changes on postoperative day three. Expression of microglial marker Iba-1 in the hippocampus was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. Expression levels of phenotypic gene markers of activated microglia (M1: iNOS, CD68, CD32; M2: Ym1, CD206, and SOCS3) in hippocampus were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Feces were collected for microbial community analysis. RESULTS: Rats exhibited an impairment in novel objective recognition 3 days after surgery compared with control rats (P < .01). In the hippocampus, expressions of Iba-1 and M1 markers of surgical rats were significantly upregulated. Similarly, expressions of SOCS3 and CD206 in the hippocampus were upregulated. Additionally, increasing levels of IL-6 and IL-4 were evident in the hippocampus. Administration of B-GOS significantly alleviated cognitive decline induced by surgery (P < .01). B-GOS-fed rats showed a significantly downregulated activation of microglia and expressions of M1-related genes and SOCS3 and IL-6. While there was no significant difference in expressions of CD206 and Ym1 and IL-4 between the surgical and B-GOS groups. Analysis of gut microbiome found that administration of B-GOS induced a significant change beta diversity of the gut microbiome and proliferation of Bifidobacterium and other potentially anti-inflammatory microbes. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of B-GOS has a beneficial effect on regulating neuroinflammatory and cognitive impairment in a rat model of abdominal surgery and was associated with the manipulation of gut microbiota.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Treatment with probiotic double immuno-galactooligosaccharide (B-GOS) alleviated neuroinflammation and cognitive function in rats and greatly inhibited microglia activation, as well as expression of iNOS, CD68, CD32, SOCS3, and IL-6.
“Yang et al. (103) found that treatment with probiotic double immuno-galactooligosaccharide (Bimuno® galactooligosaccharide; B-GOS) alleviated neuroinflammation and cognitive function in rats and greatly inhibited microglia activation, as well as expression of iNOS, CD68, CD32, SOCS3, and IL-6 expression.”
From Modulation of the gut–brain axis via the gut microbiota: a new era in treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2023) · cites this paper as [103]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
1 retracted
JIANG, P., Ling, Q., Liu, H., et al. (2014) · Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine · doi:10.3892/etm.2014.2149 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
RetractedGibson, G. R., Hutkins, R., Sanders, M. E., Prescott, S. L., Reimer, R. A., Salminen, S. J., Scott, K., Stanton, C., Swanson, K. S., Cani, P. D., et al. (2017) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2017.75 · Cited by 5,634 · see citing works
Host microbiota constantly control maturation and function of microglia in the CNS
Erny, D., Hrabě de Angelis, A. L., Jaitin, D., Wieghofer, P., Staszewski, O., David, E., Keren-Shaul, H., Mahlakoiv, T., Jakobshagen, K., Buch, T., et al. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4030 · Cited by 3,569 · see citing works
The gut microbiota influences blood-brain barrier permeability in mice
Braniste, V., Al-Asmakh, M., Kowal, C., Anuar, F., Abbaspour, A., Tóth, M., Korecka, A., Bakocevic, N., Ng, L. G., Kundu, P., et al. (2014) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3009759 · Cited by 2,530 · see citing works
Role of the gut microbiota in immunity and inflammatory disease
Kamada, N., Seo, S.-U., Chen, G. Y., & Núñez, G. (2013) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri3430 · Cited by 2,256 · see citing works
Microglial and macrophage polarization—new prospects for brain repair
Hu, X., Leak, R. K., Shi, Y., Suenaga, J., Gao, Y., Zheng, P., & Chen, J. (2014) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2014.207 · Cited by 1,456 · see citing works
Effects of the probiotic Bifidobacterium infantis in the maternal separation model of depression
Desbonnet, L., Garrett, L., Clarke, G., Kiely, B., Cryan, J. F., & Dinan, T. G. (2010) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.08.005 · Cited by 999 · see citing works
Microglial Activation and its Implications in the Brain Diseases
Dheen, S. T., Kaur, C., & Ling, E. (2007) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/092986707780597961 · Cited by 954 · see citing works
Burokas, A., Arboleya, S., Moloney, R. D., Peterson, V. L., Murphy, K., Clarke, G., Stanton, C., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2017) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.12.031 · Cited by 952 · see citing works
SOCS3 negatively regulates IL-6 signaling in vivo
Croker, B. A., Krebs, D. L., Zhang, J.-G., Wormald, S., Willson, T. A., Stanley, E. G., Robb, L., Greenhalgh, C. J., Förster, I., Clausen, B. E., et al. (2003) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni931 · Cited by 840 · see citing works
Role of interleukin‐1β in postoperative cognitive dysfunction
Cibelli, M., Fidalgo, A. R., Terrando, N., Ma, D., Monaco, C. G., Feldmann, M., Takata, M., Lever, I. J., Nanchahal, J., Fanselow, M. S., et al. (2010) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.22082 · Cited by 742 · see citing works
Tumor necrosis factor-α triggers a cytokine cascade yielding postoperative cognitive decline
Terrando, N., Monaco, C. G., Ma, D., Foxwell, B. M. J., Feldmann, M., & Maze, M. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1014557107 · Cited by 730 · see citing works
Chhor, V., Charpentier, T. L., Lebon, S., Oré, M. V., Lara‐Celador, I., Josserand, J., Degos, V., Jacotot, E. D., Hagberg, H., Sävman, K., et al. (2013) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2013.02.005 · Cited by 647 · see citing works
Assessing rodent hippocampal involvement in the novel object recognition task. A review
Cohen, S. J., & Stackman, R. W. (2014) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.08.002 · Cited by 592 · see citing works
Resolving postoperative neuroinflammation and cognitive decline
Terrando, N., Eriksson, L. I., Ryu, J. K., Yang, T., Monaco, C. G., Feldmann, M., Fagerlund, M. J., Charo, I. F., Akassoglou, K., & Maze, M. (2011) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.22664 · Cited by 582 · see citing works
SILK, D. B. A., DAVIS, A., VULEVIC, J., TZORTZIS, G., & GIBSON, G. R. (2009) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03911.x · Cited by 551 · see citing works
The gut microbiome in human neurological disease: A review
Tremlett, H., Bauer, K. C., Appel‐Cresswell, S., Finlay, B. B., & Waubant, E. (2017) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.24901 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Role of gut microbiota and nutrients in amyloid formation and pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease
Pistollato, F., Sumalla Cano, S., Elio, I., Masias Vergara, M., Giampieri, F., & Battino, M. (2016) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuw023 · Cited by 496 · see citing works
Vulevic, J., Drakoularakou, A., Yaqoob, P., Tzortzis, G., & Gibson, G. R. (2008) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.26242 · Cited by 451 · see citing works
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction and dementia: what we need to know and do
Needham, M. J., Webb, C. E., & Bryden, D. C. (2017) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aex354 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Kobayashi, Y., Sugahara, H., Shimada, K., Mitsuyama, E., Kuhara, T., Yasuoka, A., Kondo, T., Abe, K., & Xiao, J. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-13368-2 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction Is Independent of Type of Surgery and Anesthetic
Evered, L. A., Scott, D. A., SILBERT, B. S., et al. (2011) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e318215217e · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Postoperative Impairment of Cognitive Function in Rats
Wan, Y., Xu, J., Ma, D., Zeng, Y., Cibelli, M., & Maze, M. (2007) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-200703000-00007 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Finding the Missing Links among Metabolites, Microbes, and the Host
Dorrestein, P. C., Mazmanian, S. K., & Knight, R. (2014) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2014.05.015 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction: Involvement of neuroinflammation and neuronal functioning
Hovens, I. B., Schoemaker, R. G., van der Zee, E. A., Absalom, A. R., Heineman, E., & van Leeuwen, B. L. (2014) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2014.02.002 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
New insights into the pathophysiology of postoperative cognitive dysfunction
Krenk, L., Rasmussen, L. S., & Kehlet, H. (2010) · Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1399-6576.2010.02268.x · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Chunchai, T., Thunapong, W., Yasom, S., Wanchai, K., Eaimworawuthikul, S., Metzler, G., Lungkaphin, A., Pongchaidecha, A., Sirilun, S., Chaiyasut, C., et al. (2018) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-018-1055-2 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Neuroinflammation and cognitive function in aged mice following minor surgery
Rosczyk, H. A., Sparkman, N. L., & Johnson, R. W. (2008) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2008.06.004 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Chen, D., Yang, X., Yang, J., Lai, G., Yong, T., Tang, X., Shuai, O., Zhou, G., Xie, Y., & Wu, Q. (2017) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00403 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Self-citationSavignac, H. M., Couch, Y., Stratford, M., Bannerman, D. M., Tzortzis, G., Anthony, D. C., & Burnet, P. W. J. (2016) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2015.10.007 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Tzortzis, G., Goulas, A. K., Gee, J. M., & Gibson, G. R. (2005) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/135.7.1726 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
The tantalizing links between gut microbes and the brain
Smith, P. A. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/526312a · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Dong, H., Li, N., Zhang, S., Sun, J., Zhang, S., & Qian, Y. (2016) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0592-9 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Microglial Phenotype and Adaptation
Eggen, B. J. L., Raj, D. D. A., Hanisch, U., & Boddeke, H. W. G. M. (2013) · Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s11481-013-9490-4 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Hovens, I. B., Schoemaker, R. G., van der Zee, E. A., Heineman, E., Izaks, G. J., & van Leeuwen, B. L. (2012) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2012.06.004 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Hovens, I. B., van Leeuwen, B. L., Mariani, M. A., Kraneveld, A. D., & Schoemaker, R. G. (2016) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2016.02.003 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Riedel, B., Browne, K., & SILBERT, B. S. (2013) · Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aco.0000000000000032 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Hovens, I. B., van Leeuwen, B. L., Nyakas, C. J., Heineman, E., van der Zee, E. A., & Schoemaker, R. G. (2014) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2014.11.009 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Beilharz, J. E., Kaakoush, N. O., Maniam, J., & Morris, M. J. (2016) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2016.07.151 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Sun, L., Dong, R., Xu, X., Yang, X., & Peng, M. (2017) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-017-0913-7 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citationWilliams, S., Chen, L., Savignac, H. M., Tzortzis, G., Anthony, D. C., & Burnet, P. W. J. (2015) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.21880 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Gronier, B., Savignac, H. M., Di Miceli, M., Idriss, S. M., Tzortzis, G., Anthony, D., & Burnet, P. W. J. (2018) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.11.001 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Lactobacillus pentosusvar.plantarumC29 protects scopolamine-induced memory deficit in mice
Jung, I.-H., Jung, M., Kim, E.-J., Han, M. J., & Kim, D.-H. (2012) · Journal of Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05437.x · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Azizi, G., & Mirshafiey, A. (2012) · Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology · doi:10.3109/08923973.2012.705292 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Surgery-induced behavioral changes in aged rats
Hovens, I. B., Schoemaker, R. G., van der Zee, E. A., Heineman, E., Nyakas, C. J., & van Leeuwen, B. L. (2013) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2013.07.011 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Jeong, J.-J., Woo, J.-Y., Kim, K.-A., Han, M. J., & Kim, D.-H. (2015) · Letters in Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1111/lam.12393 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Wang, H., Liu, H., Xue, Z., Liao, Q., & Fang, H. (2016) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.12854 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Tian, X., Tong, Y., Li, Z., Li, L., Zhang, T., Ren, T., Zhou, T., Wang, H., Zhan, R., Sun, Y., et al. (2015) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.12368 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Gut microbes augment neurodegeneration
Erny, D., & Prinz, M. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature21910 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Lee, J. H., Kam, E. H., Kim, S. Y., Cheon, S. Y., Kim, E. J., Chung, S., Jeong, J., & Koo, B. (2017) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00839 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Molecular Mechanisms of Threat Learning in the Lateral Nucleus of the Amygdala
Sears, R. M., Schiff, H. C., & LeDoux, J. E. (2014) · Progress in molecular biology and translational science · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-420170-5.00010-6 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Li, Z., Liu, F., Ma, H., White, P. F., Yumul, R., Jiang, Y., Wang, N., & Cao, X. (2017) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2017.04.004 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Hager, A. M., & Dringenberg, H. C. (2010) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.1787110 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
III. Animal behaviour testing: memory
Savage, S., & Ma, D. (2014) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aeu014 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Going with the grain: Fiber, cognition, and the microbiota-gut-brain-axis
Berding, K., Carbia, C., & Cryan, J. F. (2021) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1177/1535370221995785 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Hong, D., Zhang, C., Wu, W., Lu, X., & Zhang, L. (2023) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1133546 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Modulation of gut-brain axis improves microbiome, metabolism, and mood
Talbott, S. M., Talbott, J. A., Stephens, B. J., & Oddou, M. P. (2020) · Functional Foods in Health and Disease · doi:10.31989/ffhd.v10i1.685 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Yang, X.-D., Wang, L.-K., Wu, H.-Y., & Jiao, L.
- Affiliations
- Peking University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Li-Kuan
- Venue
- BMC Anesthesiology
- Published
- 2018-11-30
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 177-177
- ISSN
- 1471-2253 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6267821
- OpenAlex
- W2902007700
- Cited by
- 129
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 9
- FWCI
- 3.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Anesthesiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Peking University
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Keywords
- postoperative cognitive dysfunction, galactooligosaccharides, prebiotics, gut-brain axis, neuroinflammation, microglial polarization, M1/M2 microglia, hippocampus, gut microbiota, Bifidobacterium, abdominal surgery, isoflurane anesthesia, inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6, SOCS3, novel object recognition
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Galactose, Inflammation, Male, Oligosaccharides, Postoperative Complications, Treatment Outcome, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Gastrointestinal Tract, Rats, Prebiotics, Cognitive Dysfunction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review