Profiling bacterial community in upper respiratory tracts
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BACKGROUND: Infection by pathogenic viruses results in rapid epithelial damage and significantly impacts on the condition of the upper respiratory tract, thus the effects of viral infection may induce changes in microbiota. Thus, we aimed to define the healthy microbiota and the viral pathogen-affected microbiota in the upper respiratory tract. In addition, any association between the type of viral agent and the resultant microbiota profile was assessed. METHODS: We analyzed the upper respiratory tract bacterial content of 57 healthy asymptomatic people (17 health-care workers and 40 community people) and 59 patients acutely infected with influenza, parainfluenza, rhino, respiratory syncytial, corona, adeno, or metapneumo viruses using culture-independent pyrosequencing. RESULTS: The healthy subjects harbored primarily Streptococcus, whereas the patients showed an enrichment of Haemophilus or Moraxella. Quantifying the similarities between bacterial populations by using Fast UniFrac analysis indicated that bacterial profiles were apparently divisible into 6 oropharyngeal types in the tested subjects. The oropharyngeal types were not associated with the type of viruses, but were rather linked to the age of the subjects. Moraxella nonliquefaciens exhibited unprecedentedly high abundance in young subjects aged <6 years. The genome of M. nonliquefaciens was found to encode various proteins that may play roles in pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified 6 oropharyngeal microbiome types. No virus-specific bacterial profile was discovered, but comparative analysis of healthy adults and patients identified a bacterium specific to young patients, M. nonliquefaciens.
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The oropharynx contains members of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, including Streptococcus, Neisseria, Haemophilus, and Lachnospira spp.
“The oropharynx contains members of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, including Streptococcus, Neisseria, Haemophilus, and Lachnospira spp.”
From Respiratory viral infection-induced microbiome alterations and secondary bacterial pneumonia. (2018) · cites this paper as [71]
A French study of nasopharyngeal samples and a South Korean study of oropharyngeal samples from patients with acute respiratory viral infections both displayed decreases in diversity indices during viral infections compared to healthy controls.
“Conversely, a French study of nasopharyngeal samples and a South Korean study of oropharyngeal samples from patients with acute respiratory viral infections both displayed decreases in diversity indices during viral infections compared to healthy controls (71, 100).”
From Respiratory viral infection-induced microbiome alterations and secondary bacterial pneumonia. (2018) · cites this paper as [71]
Both studies included subjects ranging from infants to adults >80 years of age, limiting conclusions about age-related effects.
“Both studies included subjects ranging from infants to adults >80 years of age, limiting conclusions about age-related effects.”
From Respiratory viral infection-induced microbiome alterations and secondary bacterial pneumonia. (2018) · cites this paper as [71]
These profiles were not associated with virus type but were linked to the age of subjects.
“These profiles, however, were not associated with virus type but were linked to the age of subjects (71).”
From Respiratory viral infection-induced microbiome alterations and secondary bacterial pneumonia. (2018) · cites this paper as [71]
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- Authors
- Yi, H., Yong, D., Lee, K., Cho, Y.-J., & Chun, J.
- Affiliations
- Korea University (KR)
- Yonsei University (KR)
- Seoul National University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Chun, Jongsik
- Venue
- BMC Infectious Diseases
- Published
- 2014-11-13
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 583-583
- ISSN
- 1471-2334 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4236460
- OpenAlex
- W2009912469
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7
- FWCI
- 9.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMC Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- YUHSpace (Yonsei University Medical Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Seoul National University Open Repository (Seoul National University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Microbial infections and disease research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Keywords
- upper respiratory tract microbiota, oropharyngeal microbiota, respiratory viral infections, Moraxella nonliquefaciens, Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Moraxella, influenza, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, coronavirus, adenovirus, metapneumovirus
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Bacteria, Carrier State, Female, Haemophilus, Health Personnel, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Moraxella, Respiratory System, Respiratory Tract Infections, Streptococcus, Virus Diseases, Young Adult, Asymptomatic Infections, Coinfection, Microbiota
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