Gestational diabetes mellitus: a qualitative study of lived experiences of South Asian immigrant women and perspectives of their health care providers in Melbourne, Australia
Open accessAbstract
Background: South Asian women are at a high risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus than other women in Australia. Gestational diabetes affects up to 14–19% of all pregnancies among South Asian, South East Asian, and Arabic populations placing women at risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Although, gestational diabetes resolves after childbirth, women with gestational diabetes are up to seven times more likely to develop type 2 diabetes within five to ten years of the index pregnancy. Increasingly, South Asian women are being diagnosed with gestational diabetes in Australia. Therefore, we aimed to gain a better understanding of the lived experiences of South Asian women and their experiences of self-management and their health care providers’ perspectives of treatment strategies. Methods: Using an ethnographic qualitative research methodology, semi-structured one-on-one, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 21 health care providers involved in gestational diabetes management and treatment from the three largest tertiary level maternity hospitals in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. In-depth interviews were conducted with 23 South Asian women post diagnosis between 24–28 weeks gestation in pregnancy. Results: Health care providers had challenges in providing care to South Asian women. The main challenge was to get women to self-manage their blood glucose levels with lifestyle modification. Whilst, women felt self-management information provided were inadequate and inappropriate to their needs. Women felt ‘losing control over their pregnancy’, because of being preoccupied with diet and exercise to control their blood glucose level. Conclusions: The gestational diabetes clinical practice at the study hospitals were unable to meet consumer expectations. Health care providers need to be familiar of diverse patient cultures, rather than applying the current ‘one size fits all’ approach that failed to engage and meet the needs of immigrant and ethnic women. Future enabling strategies should aim to co-design and develop low Glycaemic Index diet plans of staple South Asian foods and lifestyle modification messages.
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Social obligations, such as consuming food prepared by family or friends, might hinder dietary adherence.
“Additionally, social obligations, such as consuming food prepared by family or friends, might hinder dietary adherence [159].”
From Medical Nutrition Therapy for Women with Gestational Diabetes: Current Practice and Future Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [159]
The Results sections on lifestyle advice and portion size describe cultural food practices and family beliefs that made dietary changes difficult for South Asian women with gestational diabetes. They do not describe an obligation to eat food prepared by family or friends, so the specific example is unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Bandyopadhyay, M.
- Affiliations
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Bandyopadhyay, Mridula
- Venue
- BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
- Published
- 2021-07-09
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 500-500
- ISSN
- 1471-2393 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8272384
- OpenAlex
- W3181991667
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 4.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- La Trobe University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Cultural Competency in Health Care
- Keywords
- gestational diabetes mellitus, South Asian immigrant women, lived experience, self-management, glycemic control, lifestyle modification, healthcare provider perspectives, cultural competence, low glycemic index diet, Melbourne
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Asia, Southeastern, Ethnicity, Female, Health Personnel, Humans, Pregnancy, Prenatal Care, Victoria, Diabetes, Gestational, Qualitative Research, Pregnant People, Pregnant Women, Asian People, Emigrants and Immigrants, Cultural Competency
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