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Cited by 790Probiotics and Fermented FoodsProtein Hydrolysis and Bioactive PeptidesGut microbiota and health

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 210 of the 216 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Postbiotics-parabiotics: the new horizons in microbial biotherapy and functional foods

Open access
Nataraj, Basavaprabhu H., Ali, Syed Azmal, Behare, Pradip V., Yadav, Hariom·2020·Microbial Cell Factories
DOI 10.1186/s12934-020-01426-wPMC PMC7441679
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Abstract

Probiotics have several health benefits by modulating gut microbiome; however, techno-functional limitations such as viability controls have hampered their full potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical sectors. Therefore, the focus is gradually shifting from viable probiotic bacteria towards non-viable paraprobiotics and/or probiotics derived biomolecules, so-called postbiotics. Paraprobiotics and postbiotics are the emerging concepts in the functional foods field because they impart an array of health-promoting properties. Although, these terms are not well defined, however, for time being these terms have been defined as here. The postbiotics are the complex mixture of metabolic products secreted by probiotics in cell-free supernatants such as enzymes, secreted proteins, short chain fatty acids, vitamins, secreted biosurfactants, amino acids, peptides, organic acids, etc. While, the paraprobiotics are the inactivated microbial cells of probiotics (intact or ruptured containing cell components such as peptidoglycans, teichoic acids, surface proteins, etc.) or crude cell extracts (i.e. with complex chemical composition)". However, in many instances postbiotics have been used for whole category of postbiotics and parabiotics. These elicit several advantages over probiotics like; (i) availability in their pure form, (ii) ease in production and storage, (iii) availability of production process for industrial-scale-up, (iv) specific mechanism of action, (v) better accessibility of Microbes Associated Molecular Pattern (MAMP) during recognition and interaction with Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR) and (vi) more likely to trigger only the targeted responses by specific ligand-receptor interactions. The current review comprehensively summarizes and discussed various methodologies implied to extract, purify, and identification of paraprobiotic and postbiotic compounds and their potential health benefits.

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Crossref · 10.1186/s12934-020-01426-w

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Figures

Fig. 1 Schematic representation of various health benefits of postbiotic molecules
Fig. 1 Schematic representation of various health benefits of postbiotic moleculesCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 2 Process flow line for production and characterization of heat killed cells and cell free supernatant [170]. (* denote that the use of different time–temperature combinations to ensure complete lethal effect)
Fig. 2 Process flow line for production and characterization of heat killed cells and cell free supernatant [170]. (* denote that the use of different time–temperature combinations to ensure complete lethal effect)CC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 3 Production and characterization flow line of cell wall bound and intracellular biosurfactants [77, 171, 172]
Fig. 3 Production and characterization flow line of cell wall bound and intracellular biosurfactants [77, 171, 172]CC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 4 An outline on extraction and characterization of EPS from whey-based medium [74]
Fig. 4 An outline on extraction and characterization of EPS from whey-based medium [74]CC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 5 Diagrammatic representation of various cell surface-associated components of lactic acid bacteria. (CM, Cell membrane; PG, Peptidoglycan; WTA, Wall teichoic acids; LTA, Lipoteichoic acid; MUBPs, Mucin binding proteins), FnBPs, Fibronectin binding proteins; S-layer, Surface layer)(CM, Cell membrane; PG, Peptidoglycan; WTA, Wall teichoic acids; LTA, Lipoteichoic acid; MUBPs, Mucin binding proteins), FnBPs, Fibronectin binding proteins; S-layer, Surface layer)
Fig. 5 Diagrammatic representation of various cell surface-associated components of lactic acid bacteria. (CM, Cell membrane; PG, Peptidoglycan; WTA, Wall teichoic acids; LTA, Lipoteichoic acid; MUBPs, Mucin binding proteins), FnBPs, Fibronectin binding proteins; S-layer, Surface layer)(CM, Cell membrane; PG, Peptidoglycan; WTA, Wall teichoic acids; LTA, Lipoteichoic acid; MUBPs, Mucin binding proteins), FnBPs, Fibronectin binding proteins; S-layer, Surface layer)CC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 6 Brief overview of the extraction and characterization of surface proteins associated with lactobacilli [173]
Fig. 6 Brief overview of the extraction and characterization of surface proteins associated with lactobacilli [173]CC BY · PubMed Central

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Citations

Cites

Show all 216 references

Research works printed but not linked: 10

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Metadata

Authors
Nataraj, B. H., Ali, S. A., Behare, P. V., & Yadav, H.
Affiliations
  • National Dairy Research Institute (IN)
  • Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
Corresponding author
  • Behare, Pradip V.
  • Yadav, Hariom
ORCID
Venue
Microbial Cell Factories
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2020-08-20
Volume
19
Issue
1
Pages
168-168
ISSN
1475-2859 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/s12934-020-01426-w
PMC
PMC7441679
OpenAlex
W3059301501
Cited by
737
References
216
Citations by year
2026: 124 · 2025: 150 · 2024: 165 · 2023: 118 · 2022: 117 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 3
FWCI
6.27
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Microbial Cell Factories (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (R01AG018915, P30AG21332, UL1TR001420)
  • Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs (W81XWH-19-1-0236)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Protein Hydrolysis and Bioactive Peptides
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Keywords
postbiotics, paraprobiotics, probiotics, functional foods, cell-free supernatant, microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, biosurfactants, peptidoglycan, teichoic acid, pattern recognition receptors, microbe-associated molecular patterns, health-promoting properties
MeSH terms
Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Bacteria, Biological Products, Biological Therapy, Insurance Benefits, Probiotics, Microbial Viability, Functional Food

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