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Cited by 57Microbial Metabolism and ApplicationsMicrobial Natural Products and Biosynthesismelanin and skin pigmentation

Melanin in fungi: Advances in structure, biosynthesis, regulation, and metabolic engineering

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Qin, Yanping, Xia, Yuxian·2024·Microbial Cell Factories
DOI 10.1186/s12934-024-02614-8PMC PMC11657710
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Abstract

Fungi can synthesize a diverse range of melanins with appropriate physicochemical and biological characteristics for numerous applications in health, environmental protection, energy, and industry. Gaining deeper insights into the chemical structures, biosynthetic pathways, and regulatory mechanisms of fungal melanin would establish a basis for metabolic engineering approaches, aimed at enhancing production efficiency and creating custom-designed melanin with desirable material properties. Due to growing interest in their beneficial effects and applications, research on the structure, biosynthesis, and regulation of fungal melanin has significantly advanced. This review highlighted recent progress in fungal melanin production and applications, concentrating on structure, biosynthesis, and regulatory networks, and suggested how an improved understanding of melanin biosynthesis could enable efficient production for future applications.

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  • The entire DHN melanin pathway involves five key catalytic enzymes.

    “This entire pathway involves five key catalytic enzymes [29] (Figure 3A).”

    From Fungal Melanin in Plant Pathogens: Complex Biosynthesis Pathways and Diverse Biological Functions (2025) · cites this paper as [29]

    The “Biosynthesis of fungal melanin > DHN-melanin” section describes several catalytic steps and names PKS, T4HN reductase, and laccase. It does not state that the entire pathway has exactly five key catalytic enzymes; it also notes that the pathway differs among fungi. The enzyme count is therefore unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors
Qin, Y., & Xia, Y.
Affiliations
Chongqing University (CN)
Corresponding author
Xia, Yuxian
ORCID
Venue
Microbial Cell Factories
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2024-12-19
Volume
23
Issue
1
Pages
334-334
ISSN
1475-2859 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/s12934-024-02614-8
PMC
PMC11657710
OpenAlex
W4405528180
Cited by
57
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 31 · 2025: 26
FWCI
2.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Microbial Cell Factories (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • the Technology Innovation and Application Development Project of Chongqing (CSTB2023TIAD-KPX0045)
  • the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2023CDJKYJH043, 2024CDJXY016)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Microbial Metabolism and Applications
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
Keywords
fungal melanin, melanogenesis, melanin structure, metabolic engineering, fungal secondary metabolites
MeSH terms
Fungi, Melanins, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Biosynthetic Pathways, Metabolic Engineering

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Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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