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Parental correlates in child and adolescent physical activity: a meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Physical activity (PA) has a profound impact on health and development in children. Parental behaviors (i.e., modeling and support) represent an obvious important factor in child PA. The purpose of this paper was to provide a comprehensive meta-analysis that overcomes the limitations of prior narrative reviews and quantitative reviews with small samples. METHODS: Ten major databases were used in the literature search. One-hundred and fifteen studies passed the eligibility criteria. Both fixed and random effects models with correction for sampling and measurement error were examined in the analysis. Moderator analyses investigating the effects of child's developmental age, study design, parental gender, measurement of child PA, and quality rating were performed. RESULTS: Based on the random effects model, the results showed that parental modeling was weakly associated with child PA (summary r = .16, 95% CI .09-.24) and none of the proposed moderators were significant. Separate analyses examining the moderating effects of parental gender and boys' PA found that that father-son PA modeling (r = .29, 95% CI .21-.36) was significantly higher compared to mother-son PA (r = .19, 95% CI .14-.23; p < .05). However, parental gender did not moderate the relationship between parental modeling and girls' PA (p > .05). The random effects model indicated an overall moderate effect size for the parental support and child PA relationship (summary r = .38, 95% CI .30-.46). Here, the only significant moderating variable was the measurement of child PA (objective: r = .20, 95% CI .13-.26; reported: r = .46, 95% CI .37-.55; p < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Parental support and modeling relate to child PA, yet our results revealed a significant degree of heterogeneity among the studies that could not be explained well by our proposed moderators.
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“Encouragement and modelling by peers, friends and parents are factors that motivate children and adolescents to participate in physical activity or achieve recommended levels of physical activity.97–104”
From Physical activity and health in Chinese children and adolescents: expert consensus statement (2020) (2020) · cites this paper as [98]
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InfluentialCorrelates of objectively measured physical activity in preadolescent youth
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InfluentialAggregation of physical activity habits in Mexican-American and Anglo families
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“Yao and Rhodes InternationalJournalof BehavioralN utrition and PhysicalA ctivity (2015) 12:10 Page 8 of 38 Table 3 Studies and effect sizes for parental support and child and adolescent physical activity (k = 34) Study, country Sample (number, gender, mean age) Design Parental support measure Child physical activity m…”
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“For example, a recent meta-analysis examining children’s affective judgments in PA, found that affect had a small to medium an effect size (r = .26) between children’s hildren’s physical activity and parental modeling; fixed Yao and Rhodes International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity (2015) 12:1…”
BackgroundInfluentialPrevalence of Insufficient Physical Activity and Associated Factors in Brazilian Adolescents
Bastos, J. P., Araújo, C. L., & Hallal, P. C. (2008) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.5.6.777 · Cited by 141 · cited 2×
“(2008) [90] Brazil N = 857 CS Child report Child self-report Boys’ PA & fathers’ PA: r = −.”
BackgroundPhysical Activity and Psychosocial Correlates in Normal Weight and Overweight 11 to 19 Year Olds
Bourdeaudhuij, I. D., Lefevre, J., Deforche, B. I., Wijndaele, K., Matton, L., & Philippaerts, R. M. (2005) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2005.128 · Cited by 139 · cited 2×
“70* Praise .70* De Bourdeaudhuij et al. (2005) [123] Belguim N = 5563 (normal weight) CS Child report Child self-report Children’s PA & encouragement: r = .25 (normal weight); r = .26 (overweight) .35 14.8 yrs Encouragement Study developed questionnaire Mean r = .25 N = 515 (overweight & obese)…”
BackgroundInfluentialCorrelates of Physical Activity Behavior in Rural Youth
Pate, R. R., Trost, S. G., Felton, G., Ward, D. S., Dowda, M. C., & Saunders, R. P. (1997) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.1997.10608003 · Cited by 139 · cited 2×
“…5.02-6.80 .87 14.9 yrs at baseline .70* .70* Østbyte et al. (2013) [54] USA N = 208 CS Parent report Accelerometer (7 d) Children’s MVPA & PA equipment at home: r = .01 .01 116 m, 92 f PA equipment .80* 2-5 yrs α = .65 (all mothers) Pate et al. (1997) [140] USA N = 361 CS Child report Child…”
BackgroundInfluentialFactors Related to Objectively Measured Physical Activity in Preschool Children
Pfeiffer, K. A., Dowda, M. C., McIver, K. L., & Pate, R. R. (2009) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.21.2.196 · Cited by 136 · cited 6×
“…at home PDPAR 10.7 yrs ICC = .86 .70* Patnode et al. (2010) [55] USA N = 294 CS Parent reported the provision of PA equipment Accelerometer (7 d) Adolescents’ MVPA & PA equipment: r = .21, p < .001 .27 149 m, 145 f .70* .80* 15.4 yrs Pfeiffer et al. (2009) [57] USA N = 331 CS Providing PA…”
BackgroundInfluentialParental and Peer Influences on Physical Activity Among Scottish Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study
Kirby, J., Levin, K. A., & Inchley, J. (2011) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.8.6.785 · Cited by 130 · cited 1×
“(2011) [146] UK N = 641 PRO (5 yrs) Child report Child report Girls’ PA & paternal support (yr 1): OR = 2.”
BackgroundO’Loughlin, J. L., Paradis, G., Kishchuk, N. A., Barnett, T. A., & Rénaud, L. (1999) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s1047-2797(99)00030-7 · Cited by 127 · cited 3×
“(1999) [107] Canada N = 1920 CS Child report .”
InfluentialEffect of Social Support on Adolescents’ Perceptions of and Engagement in Physical Activity
King, K. A., Tergerson, J. L., & Wilson, B. R. A. (2008) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.5.3.374 · Cited by 123 · cited 2×
“…et al. (1990) [129] USA N = 222 CS Direct observation (CATS) Direct observation (CATS) Children’s PA & encouragement: β = .32, p = .648 .35 122 m, 100 f Encouragement .91 4.4 yrs .91 King et al. (2008) [130] USA N = 535 CS Child report Child self-report Children’s VPA & encouragement: r =…”
BackgroundInfluentialChild and parent characteristics as predictors of change in girls' body mass index
Davison, K. K., & Birch, L. L. (2001) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801835 · Cited by 122 · cited 1×
“(2001) [93] USA N = 197 PRO Parent self-report Parent report Girls’ PA & fathers’ PA: r = −.”
BackgroundCorrelates of Preschool Children's Physical Activity
Hinkley, T., Salmon, J., Okely, A. D., Hesketh, K. D., & Crawford, D. A. (2012) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2012.04.020 · Cited by 120 · cited 6×
“(2012) [100] Australia N = 705 CS Parent report Accelerometer (8 d) Girls’ PA & paternal logistic support: OR = 1.”
BackgroundInfluentialThe relationship between socio-economic status, parental support and adolescent physical activity
Raudsepp, L. (2005) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1080/08035250500323772 · Cited by 116
Sleddens, E. F. C., Kremers, S., Hughes, S. O., Cross, M. B., Thijs, C. T., de Vries, N. K., & O’Connor, T. M. (2012) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2012.01018.x · Cited by 115 · cited 3×
“Moving forward, it may be important to utilize previously validated measures, such as the activity support scale [37], and report both individual support behaviours and parental support as a construct (see [22] for an overview of parental support measures).”
BackgroundFamilial Aggregation of Leisure-Time Physical Activity - a Three Generation Study
Aarnio, M., Winter, T., Kujala, U. M., & Kaprio, J. A. (1997) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-2007-972680 · Cited by 108 · cited 4×
“(1997) [87] Finland N = 3254 CS Parent self-report Child self-report Boys’ PA (n = 1120) & fathers’ PA: r = .”
BackgroundInfluentialParental and Environmental Correlates of Physical Activity of Children Attending Preschool
Dowda, M. C. (2011) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.84 · Cited by 107 · cited 6×
“(2011) [40] USA N = 369 CS Parent report Accelerometer (2 wk) Children’s MVPA & parental support: β = .”
BackgroundInfluentialSabiston, C. M., & Crocker, P. R. E. (2008) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.30.1.3 · Cited by 106 · cited 1×
“15 Sabiston & Crocker (2008) [141] Canada N = 857 CS Child report GLTEQ Adolescents’ MVPA & encouragement: r = .”
BackgroundMadsen, K. A., McCulloch, C. E., & Crawford, P. B. (2008) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.07.044 · Cited by 97 · cited 2×
“…InternationalJournalof BehavioralN utrition and PhysicalA ctivity (2015) 12:10 Page 15 of 38 Table 4 Studies and effect sizes for parental modeling and girls' physical activity moderated by parental gender (k = 62) (Continued) Madsen et al. (2009) [104] USA N = 2379 PRO (9 yrs) Parent…”
BackgroundThe effect of the home environment on physical activity and dietary intake in preschool children
Østbye, T., Malhotra, R., Stroo, M., Lovelady, C., Brouwer, R. J. N., Zucker, N. L., & Fuemmeler, B. F. (2013) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2013.76 · Cited by 95 · cited 4×
“(2013) [54] USA N = 208 CS Parent report Accelerometer (7 d) Children’s PA & parental modeling: r = .”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Relationship Between Hispanic Parents and Their Preschool-Aged Children's Physical Activity
Ruiz, R. M., Gesell, S. B., Buchowski, M. S., Lambert, W. E., & Barkin, S. L. (2011) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2010-1712 · Cited by 93 · cited 2×
“…PA: r = .28, p = .045 .40 269 m, 245 f .70* .70* Preschool children Polley et al. (2005) [59] USA N = 87 CS Parent self-report Child self-report Children’s PA & parents’ PA: r = .11 .16 Children .70* .70* Ruiz et al. (2011) [60] USA N = 106 CS Accelerometer (7 d) Accelerometer (7 d)…”
Langer, S. L., Crain, A. L., Senso, M. M., Levy, R. L., & Sherwood, N. E. (2014) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsu021 · Cited by 91 · cited 2×
“(2014) [78] USA N = 421 CS Parent report Accelerometer (7 d) Children’s MVPA & parental support: r = .”
BackgroundInfluentialWagner, A., Platat, C., Arveiler, D., Haan, M. C., Schlienger, J.-L., & Simon, C. (2004) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70129-5 · Cited by 90 · cited 17×
“Yao and Rhodes InternationalJournalof BehavioralN utrition and PhysicalA ctivity (2015) 12:10 Page 8 of 38 Table 3 Studies and effect sizes for parental support and child and adolescent physical activity (k = 34) Study, country Sample (number, gender, mean age) Design Parental support measure Child physical activity m…”
BackgroundInfluentialJago, R., Sebire, S. J., Wood, L., Pool, L., Zahra, J., Thompson, J. L., & Lawlor, D. A. (2014) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-655 · Cited by 90 · cited 4×
“(2014) [102] UK N = 822 CS Accelerometer (5 d) Accelerometer (5 d) Boys’ MVPA & fathers’ MVPA: β = .”
InfluentialOmmundsen, Y., Klasson-Heggebø, L., & Anderssen, S. A. (2006) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-3-32 · Cited by 88 · cited 1×
“…Parent report Children’s MVPA & parental support: β = .29, p < .05 .40 Parental support – aggregated measure (encourage, co-activity, transportation, watch, inform) PAEC-Q82 m, 94 f 4.0 yrs α = .75 (85% respondents mothers) .70* Ommundsen et al. (2006) [80] Norway N = 760 CS Child report…”
InfluentialAffective Judgment and Physical Activity in Youth: Review and Meta-Analyses
Nasuti, G., & Rhodes, R. E. (2013) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-012-9462-6 · Cited by 85 · cited 2×
“The eligibility criteria and search strategy followed a protocol used in previously published metaanalyses and reviews [25,26].”
MethodSelf-citationParental Influences on Childhood Fitness and Activity Patterns
McMurray, R. G., Bradley, C., Harrell, J. S., Bernthal, P. R., Frauman, A. C., & Bangdiwala, S. I. (1993) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.1993.10608809 · Cited by 85 · cited 2×
“…et al. (2013) [50] USA N = 176 CS Parent self-report Parent report Children’s MVPA & parent PA: β = .17, p < .05 .24 82 m, 94 f IPAQ PAEC-Q 4.0 yrs .70* (85% respondents mothers) .70* McMurray et al. (1993) [51] USA N = 1253 CS Parent self-report Child self-report Children’s PA & parents’…”
BackgroundInfluentialPhysical activity in young children: a systematic review of parental influences
Mitchell, J., Skouteris, H., McCabe, M., Ricciardelli, L. A., Milgrom, J., Baur, L. A., Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M., & Dwyer, G. (2012) · Early Child Development and Care · doi:10.1080/03004430.2011.619658 · Cited by 84 · cited 5×
“A number of narrative reviews have consistently identified an association between parental support and children’s PA [6-9,11,12,14,16,18-21].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialEvaluating a Model of Youth Physical Activity
Heitzler, C. D. (2010) · American Journal of Health Behavior · doi:10.5993/ajhb.34.5.9 · Cited by 84 · cited 4×
“…1.45-1.88, p < .001 .30 Age range: 9.0-13.0 yrs Parental support – aggregated and individually reported (coactivity, watching child, & transportation) Test-retest .64 Test-retest .65 Heitzler et al. (2010) [43] USA N = 720 CS Child report Accelerometer (7 d) Adolescents’ MVPA & parental support:…”
BackgroundInfluentialChange in Parental Influence on Children’s Physical Activity Over Time
Alderman, B. L., Benham-Deal, T., & Jenkins, J. M. (2010) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.7.1.60 · Cited by 83 · cited 2×
“(2010) [36] USA N = 70 PRO (1–9 yrs) Parent self-report Parent report Children’s MVPA & parental PA: r = .”
BackgroundBeets, M. W., Pitetti, K. H., & Forlaw, L. (2007) · PubMed · doi:10.5555/ajhb.2007.31.3.227 · Cited by 82 · cited 2×
“(2007) [142] USA N = 259 CS Child report Child self-report Girls’ MVPA & paternal support: β = −.”
BackgroundActivity Patterns and Correlates among Youth: Differences by Weight Status
Taylor, W. C., Sallis, J. F., Dowda, M. C., Freedson, P. S., Eason, K., & Pate, R. R. (2002) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.14.4.418 · Cited by 82 · cited 2×
“, (2002) [84] USA N = 509 CS Child report Child self-report & parent report Children’s PA & family support: partial r = .”
Promoting School Students’ Physical Activity: A Social Ecological Perspective
Zhang, T., Solmon, M. A., Gao, Z., & Kosma, M. (2011) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200.2011.627083 · Cited by 79 · cited 2×
“(2012) [86] USA N = 285 CS Child report PAQ-C Adolescent’s MVPA & parental support: r = .”
BackgroundInfluentialSocial influences in sports activity among adolescents
Keresztes, N., Piko, B. F., Pluhar, Z. F., & Page, R. M. (2008) · The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health · doi:10.1177/1466424007085228 · Cited by 75 · cited 2×
“…= 76 CS Parent self-report Accelerometer (5 d) .80* Children’s MVPA & parental explicit modeling: β = −.04, p = .70 -.06 26 m, 50 f ICC = .55 (96% respondents mothers) 9.1 yrs Keresztes et al. (2008) [46] Hungary N = 548 CS Child report Child self-report Children’s MVPA & parents’ PA: OR = 2.10,…”
BackgroundInfluentialAnderssen, N., Wold, B., & Torsheim, T. (2005) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.05.011 · Cited by 73 · cited 4×
“…CS Child report Child self-report Boys’ PA & fathers’ PA: r = .17, p < .001 .23 498 m, 406 f .70* .78 Boys’ PA & mothers’ PA: r = .11, p < .01 .15 13.3 yrs Anderssen et al. (2006) [89] Norway N = 380 PRO (8 yrs) Parent self-report Child self-report Boys’ PA & fathers’ PA: β = .10 .13 191 m, 189 f…”
InfluentialContribution of Athletic Identity to Child and Adolescent Physical Activity
Anderson, C. B., Mâsse, L. C., Hong, Z., Coleman, K. J., & Chang, S. (2009) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2009.05.017 · Cited by 72 · cited 2×
“…(4 d) Children’s MPA & encouragement: r = −.06 .05 47 m, 53 f Encouragement .70* Children’s VPA & encouragement: r = .11 13.4 yrs .63 Mean r = .03 Anderson et al. (2009) [120] USA N = 391 CS Child report Child self-report Children’s MVPA & encouragement: r = .39 .56 207 m, 184 f Encouragement…”
BackgroundInfluentialStøckel, J. T., Nielsen, G. A., Ibsen, B., & Andersen, L. B. (2010) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01093.x · Cited by 70 · cited 2×
“(2011) [114] Denmark N = 6356 CS Child report Child self-report Girls’ PA (sports) & fathers’ PA: r = .”
BackgroundParent-Offspring Correlations in Pedometer-Assessed Physical Activity
Jacobi, D., Caille, A., Borys, J.-M., Lommez, A., Couet, C., Charles, M.-A. A., Oppert, J., & FLVS Study Group (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029195 · Cited by 69 · cited 4×
“(2011) [101] France N = 630 CS Parent self-report Pedometer (7 d) Boys’ PA & mothers’ PA: r = .”
InfluentialFood, activity and family—environmental vs biochemical predictors of weight gain in children
Bogaert, N., Steinbeck, K. S., Baur, L. A., Brock, K. E., & Bermingham, M. (2003) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601677 · Cited by 65 · cited 2×
“(2003) [91] Australia N = 59 PRO (1 yr) Parent self-report Parent report Girls’ MVPA & mothers PA: r = .”
BackgroundBeets, M. W., Pitetti, K. H., & Forlaw, L. (2007) · American Journal of Health Behavior · doi:10.5993/ajhb.31.3.1 · Cited by 65
Shropshire, J., & Carroll, B. (1997) · Sport Education and Society · doi:10.1080/1357332970020106 · Cited by 64 · cited 5×
“Shropshire & Carroll (1997) [111] UK N = 924 CS Child report Child self-report Boys’ PA & fathers’ PA: r = .”
BackgroundInfluentialPolley, D. C., Spicer, M. T., Knight, A. P., & Hartley, B. L. (2005) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2004.11.004 · Cited by 63 · cited 2×
“(2005) [59] USA N = 87 CS Parent self-report Child self-report Children’s PA & parents’ PA: r = .”
InfluentialPhysical activity patterns of preschool children
Poest, C. A., Williams, J. R., Witt, D. D., & Atwood, M. E. (1989) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/0885-2006(89)90021-5 · Cited by 58 · cited 2×
“(1989) [58] USA N = 514 CS Parent self-report Teacher report Children’s PA & parents’ PA: r = .”
BackgroundInfluentialBarr‐Anderson, D. J., Robinson‐O’Brien, R., Haines, J., Hannan, P. J., & Neumark‐Sztainer, D. (2010) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.7.3.364 · Cited by 57 · cited 2×
“(2010) [72] USA N = 73 CS Child report Child self-report Children’s MVPA and perceived parental support: β = .”
BackgroundEriksson, M., Nordqvist, T., & Rasmussen, F. E. (2008) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.5.3.359 · Cited by 53 · cited 4×
“…et al. (2001) [96] France N = 48 CS Child report Heart rate monitor (7 d) Boys’ MVPA & fathers’ PA: r = −.11 -.16 26 m, 22 f .70* .70* Boys’ MVPA & mothers’ PA: r = −.01 -.01 17.0 yrs Eriksson et al. (2008) [97] Sweden N = 1124 CS Baeke Questionnaire Child self-report Boys’ PA (sports) &…”
BackgroundInfluentialSocialization of adolescent girls into physical activity.
Butcher, J. E. (1983) · PubMed · Cited by 51
Correlates of Exercise Participation in Adolescents
Ammouri, A. A., Kaur, H., Neuberger, G. B., Gajewski, B. J., & Choi, W. S. (2007) · Public Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1525-1446.2007.00615.x · Cited by 50 · cited 3×
“Moving forward, it may be important to utilize previously validated measures, such as the activity support scale [37], and report both individual support behaviours and parental support as a construct (see [22] for an overview of parental support measures).”
BackgroundLeisure‐time physical activity of 13‐year‐old adolescents
Pahkala, K., Heinonen, O. J., Lagström, H., Hakala, P., Sillanmäki, L. H., & Simell, O. (2006) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2006.00581.x · Cited by 49 · cited 4×
“(2007) [109] Finland N = 558 CS Parent self-report Child self-report Girls’ PA & fathers’ PA: r = .”
BackgroundInfluentialPhysical Activity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Overweight in Rural Youth
Moore, J. B., Davis, C. L., Baxter, S. D., Lewis, R. D., & Yin, Z. (2008) · The Journal of Rural Health · doi:10.1111/j.1748-0361.2008.00144.x · Cited by 49 · cited 2×
“(2008) [137] USA N =116 CS Child report Child self-report Adolescents’ MVPA & financial support (lessons): OR = 2.”
BackgroundHuang, Y.-J., Wong, S. H., Salmon, J., & Hui, S. S. (2011) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-8-16 · Cited by 47 · cited 2×
“…BehavioralN utrition and PhysicalA ctivity (2015) 12:10 Page 24 of 38 Table 6 Studies and effect sizes for individual parental support behaviours (k = 64) (Continued) Huang et al. (2011) [126] China N = 303 CS Child report Child self-report Children’s MVPA & PA equipment: r = .14,…”
BackgroundDavison, K. K., Nishi, A., Kranz, S., Wyckoff, L., May, J. J., Earle‐Richardson, G. B., Strogatz, D. S., & Jenkins, P. (2012) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.06.002 · Cited by 44 · cited 2×
“(2012) [73] USA N = 767 CS Parent report Child self-report Children’s MVPA &parental support: r = .”
BackgroundInfluentialHome, School, and Neighborhood Environment Factors and Youth Physical Activity
Millstein, R. A., Strobel, J., Kerr, J., Sallis, J. F., Norman, G. J., Durant, N., Harris, S., & Saelens, B. E. (2011) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.23.4.487 · Cited by 44 · cited 2×
“(2011) [136] USA N = 104 CS Parent report Parent report Children’s MVPA & PA equipment at home: r = .”
BackgroundInfluentialPsychosocial Correlates of Korean Adolescents' Physical Activity Behavior
Kim, Y., & Cardinal, B. J. (2010) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/s1728-869x(10)60015-9 · Cited by 43 · cited 2×
“Kim & Cardinal (2010) [77] Korea N = 1347 CS Child report Child self-report Adolescent PA & parental support: r = .”
BackgroundInfluentialPhysical Activity of Young Children
Ziviani, J. M., Macdonald, D., Jenkins, D. G., Rodger, S., Batch, J. A., & Cerin, E. (2006) · OTJR Occupational Therapy Journal of Research · doi:10.1177/153944920602600102 · Cited by 41
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“(2011) [105] Spain N = 2260 CS Child report Child self-report Girls’ PA & fathers’ PA: OR = 2.”
BackgroundInfluentialLongitudinal Analysis of Adolescent Girls’ Participation in Physical Activity
Butcher, J. E. (1985) · Sociology of Sport Journal · doi:10.1123/ssj.2.2.130 · Cited by 35 · cited 2×
“…et al. (1983) [144] Canada N = 696 CS Self-report Child self-report Girls’ PA & maternal support: r = .21 .30 All female Parental support .70* 11.0-16.0 yrs .70* Butcher (1985) [145] Canada N = 140 PRO Child report Child self-report Girls’ PA (structured PA outside of school) & paternal…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf‐efficacy and physical activity in adolescent and parent dyads
Rutkowski, E. M., & Connelly, C. D. (2011) · Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6155.2011.00314.x · Cited by 34 · cited 1×
“(2012) [61] USA N = 94 CS Parent self-report Child self-report Adolescents’ MPVA & parental PA: r = −.”
BackgroundMäättä, S., Ray, C., & Roos, E. (2013) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1403494813504506 · Cited by 34 · cited 1×
“(2014) [133] Finland N = 883 CS Child report Child self-report Child PA & encouragement: r = .”
BackgroundSingh, G. K., Kogan, M. D., Siahpush, M., & van Dyck, P. C. (2009) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.6.1.73 · Cited by 33 · cited 2×
“(2009) [63] USA N = 68288 CS Parent report Parent report Children’s VPA & parents’ PA: r = .”
BackgroundInfluentialDETERMINANTS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND PHYSICAL AND SPORTS ACTIVITIES IN FRENCH SCHOOL CHILDREN
Deflandre, A., Lorant, J., Gavarry, O., & Falgairette, G. (2001) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.2001.92.2.399 · Cited by 32 · cited 6×
“(2001) [95] France N = 80 CS Child report Child self-report Girls’ MVPA & fathers’ PA: r = .”
BackgroundInfluentialLawman, H. G., & Wilson, D. K. (2014) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-014-0092-1 · Cited by 31 · cited 4×
“…Children’s MVPA & parental support: r = .20, p < .001 .25 213 m, 208 f Parental support – aggregated measure (encouragement, co-activity, transportation, watch) .80* 6.9 yrs α = .77 (93% respondents mothers) Lawman & Wilson (2014) [79] USA N = 181 CS Child report Accelerometer (7 d) Adolescent’s…”
BackgroundInfluentialEnvironmental Correlates of Physical Activity in Mexican American Children at Home
McKenzie, T. L., Baquero, B. I., Crespo, N. C., Arredondo, E. M., Campbell, N. R., & Elder, J. P. (2008) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.5.4.579 · Cited by 31 · cited 2×
“(2008) [135] USA N = 139 CS Direct observation (BEACHES) Direct observation (BEACHES) Children’s MVPA & encouragement: r = .”
BackgroundInfluentialVerloigne, M., Veitch, J., Carver, A., Salmon, J., Cardon, G., Bourdeaudhuij, I. D., & Timperio, A. F. (2014) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-966 · Cited by 30 · cited 4×
“…et al. (2014) [65] Australia N = 4042 CS Parent report Parent report Children’s PA & co-activity: OR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.24-1.57 p < .05; r = .13 .19 2069 m, 1973 f Co-activity Organized sports participation .70* (96% respondents mothers) .70*8.3 yrs Verloigne et al. (2014) [85] Australia…”
BackgroundInfluentialSchaben, J. A., Welk, G. J., Joens-Matre, R., & Hensley, L. D. (2006) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.3.1.59 · Cited by 30
Factorial and Construct Validity of the Athletic Identity Questionnaire for Adolescents
Anderson, C. B., Mâsse, L. C., & Hergenroeder, A. C. (2007) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000241640.97972.71 · Cited by 29 · cited 2×
“(2007) [119] USA N = 100 CS Child report Accelerometer (4 d) Children’s MPA & encouragement: r = −.”
BackgroundBrunet, J., Sabiston, C., O'Loughlin, J., Mathieu, M., Tremblay, A., Barnett, T., & Lambert, M. (2014) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2014.893049 · Cited by 29 · cited 2×
“…measure (encouragement, co-activity, transportation, watch, praise) .70* Girls’ MVPA & maternal support: β = .25 .32 15.5 yrs Mother α = .85 Father α = .91 Brunet et al. (2014) [143] Canada N = 558 CS Child report Accelerometer (7 d) Girls’ MVPA & paternal support: r = .24, p < .001 (normal…”
BackgroundInfluentialCorrelates of Pedometer-Assessed Physical Activity in Cypriot Elementary School Children
Loucaides, C. A., & Jago, R. (2006) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.3.3.267 · Cited by 29 · cited 2×
“Loucaides & Jago (2006) [132] Cyprus N = 104 CS Parent report Pedometer (5 d) Children’s PA & equipment: r = .”
BackgroundPhysical Activity of Young Children
Ziviani, J. M., Macdonald, D., Ward, H., Jenkins, D. G., & Rodger, S. (2008) · Physical & Occupational Therapy In Pediatrics · doi:10.1300/j006v28n01_03 · Cited by 28
Dzewaltowski, D. A., Ryan, G. J., & Rosenkranz, R. R. (2007) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2007.10.004 · Cited by 26 · cited 2×
“…MVPA & parents’ PA: β = .002 .00 179m, 194 f Sport PA .67 .80* 4.2 yrs Non-sport PA .71 Direct observation (92% respondents mothers) (OSRAC-P) Inter-observer .91 Dzewaltowski et al. (2008) [41] USA N = 57 CS Child reported (adapted from the YRBSQ) Child self-report Children’s MVPA & parental…”
MethodInfluentialEnvironmental Correlates of Children's Physical Activity and Obesity
Zhao, J., & Settles, B. H. (2013) · American Journal of Health Behavior · doi:10.5993/ajhb.38.1.13 · Cited by 25 · cited 4×
“Zhao & Settles (2014) [69] USA N = 1514 CS Parent self-report Parent report Children’s MPA & encouragement: β = .”
BackgroundInfluentialCorrelates of Physical Activity in a Cypriot Sample of Sixth-Grade Children
Loucaides, C. A., Chedzoy, S. M., Bennett, N., & Walshe, K. (2004) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.16.1.25 · Cited by 24 · cited 2×
“(2004) [131] Cyprus N = 256 CS Child report Child self-report Children’s MVPA & encouragement: r = .”
BackgroundInfluentialLoprinzi, P. D., Schary, D. P., Beets, M. W., Leary, J. M., & Cardinal, B. J. (2013) · American Journal of Health Education · doi:10.1080/19325037.2012.749685 · Cited by 24 · cited 5×
“…measure (encourage, co-activity, transportation, watch, inform) PAEC-Q (PA at home) Children’s PA (daycare) & parental support: β = .013.7 yrs test-retest .81 .70* Mean β = .09 Accelerometer (2 d) (PA during daycare) .70* Loprinzi et al. (2013) [49] USA N = 176 CS Parent report Parent report…”
BackgroundInfluentialWilliams, S. L., & Mummery, W. K. (2011) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/1090198110385772 · Cited by 24 · cited 4×
“67 girls (82% respondents mothers) Williams & Mummery (2011) [67] Australia N = 295 CS Parent report Child self-report Adolescents’ MVPA & parents’ MVPA: adjusted OR = 0.”
BackgroundInfluentialParental support exceeds parenting style for promoting active play in preschool children
Schary, D. P., Cardinal, B. J., & Loprinzi, P. D. (2012) · Early Child Development and Care · doi:10.1080/03004430.2012.685622 · Cited by 22 · cited 2×
“…r = .31 .44 1033 m, 962 f Parental support –aggregated measure (role modeling, encouragement, co-activity, facilitation) PAQ Adolescents’ MVPA (high school) & parental support: r = .3814.7 yrs α = 81 Test-retest males Mean r = .35.75 Test-retest females .82 Schary et al. (2012) [83] USA N = 195…”
BackgroundInfluentialPhysical activity differences between children from migrant and native origin
Labree, W., Lötters, F. J. B., van de Mheen, D., Rutten, F., Chavarría, A. R., Neve, M., Rodenburg, G., Machielsen, H., Koopmans, G. T., & Foets, M. (2014) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-819 · Cited by 22 · cited 4×
“…report Child self-report Adolescent PA & parental support: r = .19, p < .01 .22 943 m, 404 f Parental support – aggregated measure (e.g., encouragement) GLTEQ 16.4 yrs Test-retest .86 test-retest .83 Labree et al. (2014) [47] Netherlands N = 1943 CS Parent report Parent report Children’s PA &…”
BackgroundInfluentialOhta, H., Kuroda, T., Onoe, Y., Nakano, C., Yoshikata, R., Ishitani, K., Hashimoto, K., & Kume, M. (2010) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism · doi:10.1007/s00774-010-0180-5 · Cited by 21 · cited 2×
“….70* .70* Mean r = −.06 O’Loughlin et al. (1999) [107] Canada N = 1920 CS Child report .70* Child self-report Girls’ PA (sports) & mothers’ PA: OR = 1.6 95% CI 1.1-2.1 .26 989 m, 931 f Weekly activity checklist Age range: 9–13 yrs Self-reported sports participation .70* Ohta et al. (2010) [108]…”
InfluentialCorrelates of physical activity and inactivity in urban Mexican youth
Siegel, S. R., Malina, R. M., Reyes, M. E. P., Barahona, E. E. C., & Cumming, S. P. (2011) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.21197 · Cited by 19 · cited 4×
“(2011) [112] Mexico N = 1004 CS Child report Child self-report PAQ Girls’ MVPA (9–10 yrs) & fathers’ PA: β = .”
BackgroundInfluentialSigmund, E., Turoňová, K., Sigmundová, D., & Přidalová, M. (2008) · Cited by 18
RELATIONS OF BLACK MOTHERS' AND DAUGHTERS' BODY FATNESS, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY BELIEFS AND BEHAVIOR
Nichols-English, G. J., Lemmon, C. R., Litaker, M. S., Cartee, S. G., Yin, Z., Gutin, B., & Barbeau, P. (2006) · PubMed · doi:10.13016/senu-i9ov · Cited by 14 · cited 1×
“…Age range; 13–18.5 yrs .70* Moore et al. (1991) [52] USA N = 100 CS Accelerometer (7–9 d) Accelerometer (8–9 d) Girls’ PA & fathers’ PA: OR = 4.4, 95% CI 1.5-8.2 .66 63 m, 37 f .80* .80* Girls’ PA & mothers’ PA: OR = 2.0, 95% CI .9-4.4 .33 Age range: 4–7 yrs Nichols-English et al. (2006) [106]…”
InfluentialPHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SPORT INVOLVEMENT IN FRENCH HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Deflandre, A., Lorant, J., Gavarry, O., & Falgairette, G. (2001) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.2001.92.1.107 · Cited by 13 · cited 6×
“…et al. (2001) [95] France N = 80 CS Child report Child self-report Girls’ MVPA & fathers’ PA: r = .30 .43 36 m, 44 f .70* .70* Girls’ MVPA & mothers’ PA: r = .16 .23 Age range: 11–16 yrs Deflandre et al. (2001) [96] France N = 48 CS Child report Heart rate monitor (7 d) Girls’ MVPA & fathers…”
BackgroundInfluentialHendrie, G. A., Coveney, J., & Cox, D. N. (2011) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1111/j.1753-6405.2011.00775.x · Cited by 13 · cited 6×
“…r = .045 Heitzler et al. (2010) [43] USA N = 720 CS Parent self-report Accelerometer (7 d) Adolescents’ MVPA & parent PA: r = .07 .09 352 m, 368 f IPAQ .80* 14.7 yrs .70* Hendrie et al. (2011) [44] Australia N = 106 CS Parent self-report Parent report Children’s MVPA & parental PA: r = .145;…”
BackgroundInfluentialMoore, J. B., Beets, M. W., Morris, S. F., & Kolbe, M. B. (2014) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2012-0190 · Cited by 11 · cited 1×
“(2014) [138] USA N = 1005 CS Child report Accelerometer (4 d) Children’s MVPA & watching: OR .”
BackgroundBerge, J. M., Meyer, C. S., MacLehose, R. F., Eisenberg, M. E., & Neumark‐Sztainer, D. (2014) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-014-0131-y · Cited by 11 · cited 2×
“…al. (2007) [37] USA N = 284 CS Parent self-report Child self-report Adolescents’ PA & parental PA: β = .019 .03 98 m, 186 f GLTEQ SAPAC 15.3 yrs .70* .80 Berge et al. (2014) [38] USA N = 200 CS Parent self-report Child self-report Adolescents’ MVPA & parental MVPA β = .11, p < .05 (resident…”
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Morrison, J. A., Guo, S. S., Specker, B., Chumlea, W. C., Yanovski, S. Z., & Yanovski, J. A. (2001) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/1520-6300(200102/03)13:2
van Strien (1986) · doi:10.1002/1098-108x(198602)5:2
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Physical activity behaviours in adolescence: Current evidence and opportunities for intervention
van Sluijs, E. M. F., Ekelund, U., Crochemore-Silva, I., Guthold, R., Ha, A., Lubans, D., Oyeyemi, A. L., Ding, D., & Katzmarzyk, P. T. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01259-9 · Cited by 919
Barnett, L. M., Lai, S. K., Veldman, S. L. C., Hardy, L. L., Cliff, D. P., Morgan, P. J., Zask, A., Lubans, D. R., Shultz, S. P., Ridgers, N. D., et al. (2016) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0495-z · Cited by 813
Lounassalo, I., Salin, K., Kankaanpää, A., Hirvensalo, M. H., Palomäki, S. H., Tolvanen, A. J., Yang, X., & Tammelin, T. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6513-y · Cited by 249
“Mostly, these findings further supported other findings that have shown how: (1) higher SES is associated with PA in youth [61–63] and in adulthood [55]; (2) having family support [54, 61], active parents [61, 64], and especially an active father [63, 65], is associated with PA in childhood; and (3) males are generall…”
Physical activity and health in Chinese children and adolescents: expert consensus statement (2020)
Chen, P., Wang, D., Shen, H., Yu, L., Gao, Q., Mao, L., Jiang, F., Luo, Y., Xie, M., Zhang, Y., et al. (2020) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2020-102261 · Cited by 225
Laird, Y., Fawkner, S., Kelly, P., McNamee, L., & Niven, A. (2016) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-016-0405-7 · Cited by 210
“Only two reviews considered gender and they found no significant differences between boys and girls, however, analyses only considered overall support [20, 27] and modelling [20] and were presented for both children and adolescents.”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Yao, C. A., & Rhodes, R. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Victoria (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Yao, Christopher A
- Venue
- International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
- Published
- 2015-02-11
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 10-10
- ISSN
- 1479-5868 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4363182
- OpenAlex
- W2159936916
- Cited by
- 540
- References
- 151
- Citations by year
- 2026: 53 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 86 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 7
- FWCI
- 4.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UVic’s Research and Learning Repository (University of Victoria) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Children's Physical and Motor Development
- Keywords
- children's physical activity, adolescent physical activity, parental role modeling, parental support, parental gender
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Child, Child Behavior, Female, Humans, Male, Motor Activity, Parents, Social Support, Health Behavior, Exercise, Parenting
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