Effects of beetroot juice supplementation on intermittent high-intensity exercise efforts
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) and its intake has proved effective at increasing blood nitric oxide (NO) concentrations. Given the effects of NO in promoting vasodilation and blood flow with beneficial impacts on muscle contraction, several studies have detected an ergogenic effect of beetroot juice supplementation on exercise efforts with high oxidative energy metabolism demands. However, only a scarce yet growing number of investigations have sought to assess the effects of this supplement on performance at high-intensity exercise. Here we review the few studies that have addressed this issue. The databases Dialnet, Elsevier, Medline, Pubmed and Web of Science were searched for articles in English, Portuguese and Spanish published from 2010 to March 31 to 2017 using the keywords: beet or beetroot or nitrate or nitrite and supplement or supplementation or nutrition or "sport nutrition" and exercise or sport or "physical activity" or effort or athlete. Nine articles fulfilling the inclusion criteria were identified. Results indicate that beetroot juice given as a single dose or over a few days may improve performance at intermittent, high-intensity efforts with short rest periods. The improvements observed were attributed to faster phosphocreatine resynthesis which could delay its depletion during repetitive exercise efforts. In addition, beetroot juice supplementation could improve muscle power output via a mechanism involving a faster muscle shortening velocity. The findings of some studies also suggested improved indicators of muscular fatigue, though the mechanism involved in this effect remains unclear.
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Muscle carnosine is a dipeptide formed by β-alanine and L-histidine and participates in buffering of muscle cells by accepting protons during induced pH increase, with its limiting factor being β-alanine availability.
“Muscle carnosine is a dipeptide formed by the combination of the amino acids β-alanine and L-histidine and participates in the buffering of muscle cells by accepting protons during the induced pH increase where your limiting factor is the availability of β-alanine [31].”
From Dietary and Ergogenic Supplementation to Improve Elite Soccer Players’ Performance (2021) · cites this paper as [31]
The Discussion section on chronic beetroot-juice supplementation (page unavailable) says β-alanine increases muscle carnosine concentrations and that carnosine acts as an intracellular buffer. It does not state that carnosine is a β-alanine–L-histidine dipeptide, that it buffers by accepting protons, or that β-alanine availability limits its synthesis. The same passage says increased H+ production lowers pH, rather than raising it. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredRecent systematic reviews support NO3− supplementation efficacy as an ergogenic aid during continuous endurance-type exercise and high-intensity intermittent-type exercise.
“Although an ergogenic effect of NO3− supplementation appears less likely in endurance-trained individuals, i.e., [65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74], recent systematic reviews support its efficacy as an ergogenic aid during continuous endurance-type exercise [75,76,77] and high-intensity intermittent-type exercise [78].”
From Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Weightlifting Exercise Performance in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review (2020) · cites this paper as [78]
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Martin, J. C., Brown, N. A. T., Anderson, F. C., & Spirduso, W. W. (2000) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/s0021-9290(00)00048-8 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Effect of nitric oxide on the maximal velocity of shortening of a mouse skeletal muscle
Maréchal, G., & Beckersbleukx, G. (1998) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s004240050722 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Understanding the Meaning of Lactate Threshold in Resistance Exercises
Garnacho‐Castaño, M. V., Domínguez, R., & Maté‐Muñoz, J. L. (2015) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0035-1548803 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationNo effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on endurance training in hypoxia
Puype, J., Ramaekers, M., Van Thienen, R., Deldicque, L., & Hespel, P. (2015) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.12199 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Effects of sodium phosphate and beetroot juice supplementation on repeated-sprint ability in females
Buck, C. L., Henry, T., Guelfi, K., Dawson, B., McNaughton, L. R., & Wallman, K. (2015) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-015-3201-1 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Garnacho‐Castaño, M. V., Domínguez, R., Ruiz-Solano, P., & Maté‐Muñoz, J. L. (2015) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000000956 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationUnderstanding the Meaning of Lactate Threshold in Resistance Exercises
Garnacho‐Castaño, M. V., Domínguez, R., & Maté‐Muñoz, J. L. (2015) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0034-1398495 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationNitric oxide: A regulator of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 kinases
Tong, L., Heim, R. A., & Wu, S. (2011) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.03.032 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Gray, S. R., Söderlund, K., & Ferguson, R. A. (2008) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410701744438 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Handzlik, M. K., & Gleeson, M. (2013) · ISRN Nutrition · doi:10.5402/2013/396581 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Venous blood lactate increase after vertical jumping in volleyball athletes
Chamari, K., Ahmaidi, S., Blum, J. Y., et al. (2001) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s004210100415 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
[Effects of ß-alanine supplementation on athletic performance].
Domínguez, R., Hernández-Lougedo, J., Maté‐Muñoz, J. L., & Garnacho‐Castaño, M. V. (2014) · PubMed · doi:10.3305/nh.2015.31.1.7517 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationEfectos del entrenamiento contra resistencias o resistance training en diversas patologías
Domínguez, R. (2016) · Nutrición Hospitalaria · doi:10.20960/nh.284 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [104]Mosteiro-Muñoz F, Domínguez R. Effects of inertial overload resistance training on muscle function. Rev Int Med Cienc Act Fís Deporte. 2017;In press.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Biological effects of red beetroot and betalains: A review
Hadipour, E., Taleghani, A., Tayarani‐Najaran, N., & Tayarani‐Najaran, Z. (2020) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.6653 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Harty, P. S., Zabriskie, H. A., Erickson, J. L., Molling, P. E., Kerksick, C. M., & Jagim, A. R. (2018) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-018-0247-6 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Cuenca, E., Jodra, P., Pérez-López, A., González-Rodríguez, L. G., Fernandes da Silva, S., Veiga-Herreros, P., & Domínguez, R. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10091222 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationPortuguese Football Federation consensus statement 2020: nutrition and performance in football
Abreu, R., Figueiredo, P., Beckert, P., Marques, J. P., Amorim, S., Caetano, C., Carvalho, P., Sá, C., Cotovio, R., Cruz, J., et al. (2021) · BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001082 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
San Juan, A. F., Dominguez, R., Lago-Rodríguez, Á., Montoya, J. J., Tan, R., & Bailey, S. J. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12082227 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Dietary and Ergogenic Supplementation to Improve Elite Soccer Players’ Performance
Fernandes, H. (2021) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000516397 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Retracted
- Authors
- Domínguez, R., Maté-Muñoz, J. L., Cuenca, E., García-Fernández, P., Mata-Ordoñez, F., Lozano-Estevan, M. C., Veiga-Herreros, P., da Silva, S. F., & Garnacho-Castaño, M. V.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio (ES)
- Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, College of Health SciencesAlfonso X El Sabio University Madrid Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (ES)
- NutriScience C/Paco León, 1 14010 Córdoba Spain
- Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Physical Education DepartamentUniversity of Lavras Lavras Brazil
- TecnoCampus. GRI-AFIRS, School of Health SciencesPompeu Fabra University Mataró Barcelona Spain
- Corresponding author
- Domínguez, Raúl
- Venue
- Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2018-01-05
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 2-2
- ISSN
- 1550-2783 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5756374
- OpenAlex
- W2781540391
- Cited by
- 164
- References
- 104
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 7
- FWCI
- 1.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Informationszentrum Lebenswissenschaften (ZB MED) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- beetroot juice, nitrate supplementation, nitric oxide, high-intensity intermittent exercise, exercise performance, phosphocreatine resynthesis, muscle power output, muscle shortening velocity, muscle fatigue, ergogenic aids
- MeSH terms
- Fruit and Vegetable Juices, High-Intensity Interval Training, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Nitrates, Nitrites, Phosphocreatine, Dietary Supplements, Beta vulgaris, Athletic Performance, Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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