Grip control and motor coordination with implanted and surface electrodes while grasping with an osseointegrated prosthetic hand
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BACKGROUND: Replacement of a lost limb by an artificial substitute is not yet ideal. Resolution and coordination of motor control approximating that of a biological limb could dramatically improve the functionality of prosthetic devices, and thus reduce the gap towards a suitable limb replacement. METHODS: In this study, we investigated the control resolution and coordination exhibited by subjects with transhumeral amputation who were implanted with epimysial electrodes and an osseointegrated interface that provides bidirectional communication in addition to skeletal attachment (e-OPRA Implant System). We assessed control resolution and coordination in the context of routine and delicate grasping using the Pick and Lift and the Virtual Eggs Tests. Performance when utilizing implanted electrodes was compared with the standard-of-care technology for myoelectric prostheses, namely surface electrodes. RESULTS: Results showed that implanted electrodes provide superior controllability over the prosthetic terminal device compared to conventional surface electrodes. Significant improvements were found in the control of the grip force and its reliability during object transfer. However, these improvements failed to increase motor coordination, and surprisingly decreased the temporal correlation between grip and load forces observed with surface electrodes. We found that despite being more functional and reliable, prosthetic control via implanted electrodes still depended highly on visual feedback. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that incidental sensory feedback (visual, auditory, and osseoperceptive in this case) is insufficient for restoring natural grasp behavior in amputees, and support the idea that supplemental tactile sensory feedback is needed to learn and maintain the motor tasks internal model, which could ultimately restore natural grasp behavior in subjects using prosthetic hands.
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In a recent clinical study with three transhumeral amputees with osseointegrated implants, epimysial electrode implantation enhanced grip force control.
“Epimysial electrode implantation was found to enhance grip force control, while the subjects showed no improvement in motor coordination conceivably due to poor sensory feedback.”
From Interfaces with the peripheral nervous system for the control of a neuroprosthetic limb: a review (2020) · cites this paper as [29]
In the same clinical study, subjects showed no improvement in motor coordination, conceivably due to poor sensory feedback.
“Epimysial electrode implantation was found to enhance grip force control, while the subjects showed no improvement in motor coordination conceivably due to poor sensory feedback.”
From Interfaces with the peripheral nervous system for the control of a neuroprosthetic limb: a review (2020) · cites this paper as [29]
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- Authors
- Mastinu, E., Clemente, F., Sassu, P., Aszmann, O., Brånemark, R., Håkansson, B., Controzzi, M., Cipriani, C., & Ortiz-Catalan, M.
- Affiliations
- Chalmers University of Technology (SE)
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna (IT)
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital (SE)
- Medical University of Vienna (AT)
- University of Gothenburg (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Mastinu, Enzo
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation
- Published
- 2019-04-11
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 49-49
- ISSN
- 1743-0003 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6460734
- OpenAlex
- W2942254053
- Cited by
- 87
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 3.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Vetenskapsrådet
- H2020 European Research Council (687905, 679820)
- Stiftelsen Promobilia
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Muscle activation and electromyography studies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Keywords
- transhumeral amputation, surface electrodes, grip control, motor coordination, myoelectric prosthesis, grip force, visual feedback, internal models
- MeSH terms
- Amputees, Artificial Limbs, Electrodes, Implanted, Electromyography, Female, Humans, Male, Psychomotor Performance, Reproducibility of Results, Hand Strength, Feedback, Sensory
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