Technological Advances in Prosthesis Design and Rehabilitation Following Upper Extremity Limb Loss
Open accessAbstract
Purpose of review The complexity of the human extremity, particularly the upper extremity and the hand, allows us to interact with the world. Prosthetists have struggled to recreate the intuitive motor control, light touch sensation, and proprioception of the innate limb in a manner that reflects the complexity of its native form and function. Nevertheless, recent advances in prosthesis technology, surgical innovations, and enhanced rehabilitation appear promising for patients with limb loss who hope to return to their pre-injury level of function. The purpose of this review is to illustrate recent technological advances that are moving us one step closer to the goal of multi-functional, self-identifiable, durable, and intuitive prostheses.Recent findings Surgical advances such as targeted muscle reinnervation, regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces, agonist-antagonist myoneural interfaces, and targeted sensory reinnervation; development of technology designed to restore sensation, such as implanted sensors and haptic devices; and evolution of osseointegrated (bone-anchored) prostheses show great promise. Augmented and virtual reality platforms have the potential to enhance prosthesis design, pre-prosthetic training, incorporation, and use. Emerging technologies move surgeons, rehabilitation physicians, therapists, and prosthetists closer to the goal of creating highly functional prostheses with elevated sensory and motor control. Collaboration between medical teams, scientists, and industry stakeholders will be required to keep pace with patients who require durable, high-functioning prostheses.
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Advances in feedback sensors, modern designs, and novel materials have led to broader user acceptance of medical prosthetics.
“The progression of feedback sensors, modern designs, and novel materials similarly generated broader user-acceptance of medical prosthetics.[19,20]”
From Flexible Electronics and Devices as Human–Machine Interfaces for Medical Robotics (2022) · cites this paper as [20]
The Restoring Sensation section links lack of sensory feedback to prosthesis rejection and says tactile feedback can increase a user's identification with a prosthesis. The Introduction and Restoring Sensation sections describe advances in design, sensors, and materials, but do not establish that these advances have generated broader user acceptance. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Bates, T. J., Fergason, J. R., & Pierrie, S. N.
- Affiliations
- Brooke Army Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pierrie, Sarah N.
- Venue
- Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine
- Published
- 2020-06-03
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 485-493
- ISSN
- 1935-973X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-9748
- PMC
- PMC7340716
- OpenAlex
- W3032409589
- Semantic Scholar
- 905056ffa9fa963e8df8b974d90b94c05a5f7e29
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 7
- FWCI
- 0.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Muscle activation and electromyography studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Keywords
- upper limb prosthesis, limb loss, targeted muscle reinnervation, sensory reinnervation, peripheral nerve interfaces, osseointegrated prostheses, haptic feedback, implantable sensors, augmented reality, virtual reality, prosthetic hand, proprioception
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