Alleviating the Effect of Quinoa and the Underlying Mechanism on Hepatic Steatosis in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats
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Abstract
Abstract Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the hepatic component of metabolic syndrome and has attracted widespread attention due to its increased prevalence. Daily dietary management is an effective strategy for the prevention of NAFLD. Quinoa, a nutritious pseudocereal, is abundant in antioxidative bioactive phytochemicals. In the present study, the effects of different amounts of quinoa on the progression of NAFLD and the related molecular mechanism were investigated. Methods Male SD rats were simultaneously administered a high fat diet (HF) and different amounts of quinoa (equivalent to 100 g/day and 300 g/day of human intake, respectively). After 12 weeks of the intervention, hepatic TG (triglyceride) and TC (total cholesterol) as well as serum antioxidative parameters were determined, and hematoxylin–eosin staining (H&E) staining was used to evaluate hepatic steatosis. Differential metabolites in serum and hepatic tissue were identified using UPLC-QTOF-MS E . The mRNA expression profile was investigated using RNA-Seq and further verified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results Low amounts of quinoa (equivalent to 100 g/d of human intake) effectively controlled the weight of rats fed a high-fat diet. In addition, quinoa effectively inhibited the increase in hepatic TG and TC levels, mitigated pathological injury, promoted the increase in SOD and GSH-Px activities, and decreased MDA levels. Nontarget metabolic profile analysis showed that quinoa regulated lipid metabolites in the circulation system and liver such as LysoPC and PC. RNA-Seq and RT-PCR verification revealed that a high amount of quinoa more effectively upregulated genes related to lipid metabolism [Apoa (apolipoprotein)5, Apoa4, Apoc2] and downregulated genes related to the immune response [lrf (interferon regulatory factor)5, Tlr6 (Toll-like receptor), Tlr10, Tlr11, Tlr12]. Conclusion Quinoa effectively prevented NAFLD by controlling body weight, mitigating oxidative stress, and regulating the lipid metabolic profile and the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism and the immune response.
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Quinoa consumption shows antihyperlipidemic action against a high-fat diet, leading to increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and decreased malondialdehyde levels.
“Quinoa has pronounced antioxidant activity, as shown in in vitro studies [10,11] or in in vivo experiments, where quinoa consumption showed antihyperlipidemic action against the background of a high-fat diet, leading to increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and to decreased levels of malondialdehyde [12] and inflammatory cytokines [13,14].”
From Anxiolytic and Antioxidant Effect of Phytoecdysteroids and Polyphenols from Chenopodium quinoa on an In Vivo Restraint Stress Model (2022) · cites this paper as [12]
The introduction of FFIs into the diet had a positive effect on the body weight of animals up to the 25th day of the experiment, despite the hypolipidemic properties of quinoa.
“In the present study, the average cumulative feed intake in stressed animals of the IMM and IMM-FFI groups did not differ and was also lower compared with the CTRL group; however, the introduction of FFIs into the diet had a positive effect on the body weight of animals up to the 25th day of the experiment, despite the hypolipidemic properties of quinoa [12,13,14].”
From Anxiolytic and Antioxidant Effect of Phytoecdysteroids and Polyphenols from Chenopodium quinoa on an In Vivo Restraint Stress Model (2022) · cites this paper as [12]
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- Authors
- Song, C., Lv, W., Li, Y., Nie, P., Lu, J., Geng, Y., Heng, Z., & Song, L.
- Affiliations
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- State Administration for Market Regulation (CN)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Geng, Yanlou
- Heng, Zhang
- Song, Lihua
- Venue
- Nutrition & Metabolism
- Published
- 2021-12-18
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 106-106
- ISSN
- 1743-7075 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8684231
- OpenAlex
- W4200306132
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 2.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nutrition & Metabolism (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Square (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Key Technology Research and Development Program of Hebei Province (19227527D)
- Shanghai Agriculture Applied Technology Development Program ((2019-02-08-00-08-F01154)
- Oceanic Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SL2020ZD103)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Seed and Plant Biochemistry
- Keywords
- quinoa, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic steatosis, high-fat diet, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes, lipid metabolites, apolipoprotein genes, Toll-like receptors, immune response, body weight regulation
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