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Cited by 129Seed and Plant BiochemistryNatural Antidiabetic Agents StudiesPhytochemical Studies and Bioactivities

Quinoa seeds leach phytoecdysteroids and other compounds with anti-diabetic properties

Open access
Graf, Brittany L., Poulev, Alexander, Kuhn, Peter, Grace, Mary H., Lila, Mary Ann, Raskin, Ilya·2014·Food Chemistry
DOI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.088PMC PMC4116738
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Abstract

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) contains high levels of biologically active phytoecdysteroids, which have been implicated in plant defense from insects, and have shown a range of beneficial pharmacological effects in mammals. We demonstrated that the most prevalent phytoecdysteroid, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20HE), was secreted (leached) from intact quinoa seeds into water during the initial stages of seed germination. Leaching efficiency was optimized by ethanol concentration (70% ethanol), temperature (80°C), time (4h), and solvent ratio (5 ml/g seed). When compared to extraction of macerated seeds, the leaching procedure released essentially all the 20HE available in the seeds (491 μg/g seed). The optimized quinoa leachate (QL), containing 0.86% 20HE, 1.00% total phytoecdysteroids, 2.59% flavonoid glycosides, 11.9% oil, and 20.4% protein, significantly lowered fasting blood glucose in obese, hyperglycemic mice. Leaching effectively releases and concentrates bioactive phytochemicals from quinoa seeds, providing an efficient means to produce a food-grade mixture that may be useful for anti-diabetic applications.

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

A one-step leaching process using 70% ethanol at 80°C for 4 h released essentially all 20-hydroxyecdysone (20HE) from intact quinoa seeds and produced a food-grade quinoa leachate (QL) enriched in phytoecdysteroids and flavonoids. In diet-induced obese, hyperglycemic mice, acute oral QL lowered fasting blood glucose dose-dependently, with 500 mg/kg reducing it by 36.2%.

Key findings

  • 20HE leached from intact quinoa seeds into water during germination; over 144 h, leaching was greater at 37°C (294.0 μg/g seed) than at 25°C (156.5 μg/g seed), and at 37°C approximately 60% of total seed 20HE was leached.
  • Optimized leaching conditions were 70% ethanol, 80°C, 4 h, and 5 ml solvent/g seed; this released essentially all available 20HE (491 μg/g seed), with a leachate yield of 4.5% and dried leachate containing 1.09% 20HE.
  • QL prepared from 1 kg seed yielded 41.0 g and contained 0.86% 20HE, 1.00% total phytoecdysteroids, 2.59% flavonoid glycosides, 11.9% oil, 20.4% protein, 53.6% carbohydrates, 6.97% ash, and 3.53% moisture.
  • In obese, hyperglycemic C57Bl/6J mice, acute QL decreased fasting blood glucose by 36.2% at 500 mg/kg and 18.5% at 250 mg/kg; metformin (300 mg/kg) decreased it by 26.4%, and 500 mg/kg QL and metformin significantly lowered final % FBG versus control.

Methods

  • Bolivian-grown red quinoa seeds were used for aqueous leaching experiments at 25 or 37°C, in light and dark, over 24–144 h, and for ethanol leaching optimization across 0–95% ethanol, 25–80°C, 1–24 h, and varying solvent-to-seed ratios; 20HE and other compounds were quantified by LC-UV-MS.
  • Leaching of intact seeds was compared with extraction of pulverized seeds in 70% ethanol at 25 or 80°C, including repeated extraction at 80°C.
  • The animal study used five-week-old male C57Bl/6J mice fed a very high-fat diet (60% fat-derived calories) for 15 wk; after a 4 h fast, mice with fasting blood glucose above 200 mg/dL were randomized to vehicle, QL (250 or 500 mg/kg), or metformin (300 mg/kg) (n=7), and FBG was reassessed 4 h post-treatment by 1-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc test.

Limitations

  • Stated in the paper: genetic and environmental factors affecting phytoecdysteroid content in quinoa seeds are currently unknown, and 20HE levels can vary greatly depending on quinoa seed source.
  • Stated in the paper: the biological study was an acute hypoglycemic study in a diet-induced obese mouse model, not a chronic or human study.
  • Evident from the text: the QL is a complex mixture containing phytoecdysteroids, flavonoids, oil, protein, amino acids, and trace saponins, so the observed anti-diabetic effect cannot be attributed solely to 20HE; the animal experiment used a small sample size (n=7 per group) and only a single post-treatment FBG measurement.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.088

Cites

35 of 35 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

0 of 21 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

  • Findingown data

    The optimized quinoa leachate (QL) significantly lowered fasting blood glucose in obese, hyperglycemic mice.

    “The optimized quinoa leachate (QL), containing 0.86% 20HE, 1.00% total phytoecdysteroids, 2.59% flavonoid glycosides, 11.9% oil, and 20.4% protein, significantly lowered fasting blood glucose in obese, hyperglycemic mice.”
    • Also stated in: § 3.4 In vivo hypoglycemic effect · boosted
      “Acute oral administration of QL demonstrated a dose dependent decrease in FBG in diet-induced obese, hyperglycemic mice (C57BL/6J) with FBG levels above 200 mg/dL.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Light did not impact the amount of 20HE leached from seeds compared with seeds germinated in the dark.

    “Light did not impact the amount of 20HE that was leached from the seeds compared with the seeds germinated in the dark.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingown data

    The fast, efficient method described here enhanced the 20HE content in QL 17.5-fold compared with the concentration found in the seeds.

    “The fast, efficient method described here for leaching and concentrating 20HE from quinoa seeds enhanced the 20HE content in QL 17.5-fold, compared with the concentration found in the seeds.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    The optimized quinoa leachate (QL) contained 2.59% flavonoid glycosides.

    “The optimized quinoa leachate (QL), containing 0.86% 20HE, 1.00% total phytoecdysteroids, 2.59% flavonoid glycosides, 11.9% oil, and 20.4% protein, significantly lowered fasting blood glucose in obese, hyperglycemic mice.”
    • Also stated in: § 3.3. Biochemical analysis of quinoa leachate (QL) · plain
      “The total flavonoid glycoside content, determined as QT-I equivalents, was 2.59% of QL.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingown data

    At temperatures above 25°C, more seed material, including 20HE, was leached into solvent.

    “At temperatures above 25°C, more seed material, including 20HE, was leached into the solvent (Table 1).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • May combine two claims. 14
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 14

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The total amount of 20HE leached, concentration in dry leachate and leachate yield all decreased dramatically in 95% ethanol.

    “The total amount of 20HE leached, concentration in the dry leachate and leachate yield all decreased dramatically in 95% ethanol.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingnone given

    Post-leached seeds retained their shape, form and colour.

    “Post-leached seeds retained their shape, form and colour.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    QL prepared from 1 kg seed under optimal conditions yielded 41.0 g QL.

    “QL was prepared for phytochemical, nutritional, and biological study from 1 kg seed under optimal conditions, yielding 41.0 g QL.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Sonication and solvent acidification did not affect the amount of 20HE leached from seeds or the 20HE concentration in dried leachate.

    “Sonication and solvent acidification did not affect the amount of 20HE leached from the seeds or the 20HE concentration in the dried leachate (data not shown).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    QL contained 6.97% ash.

    “Other components, determined by proximate nutritional analysis of QL, included carbohydrates (53.6%), protein (20.4%), oil (11.9%), ash (6.97%) and moisture (3.53%).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The optimal leaching conditions were 70% ethanol, 80°C, 4 h, and 5 ml solvent per g seed.

    “Leaching efficiency was optimized by ethanol concentration (70% ethanol), temperature (80°C), time (4 h), and solvent ratio (5 ml/g seed).”
    • Also stated in: § 3.2. Optimal leaching conditions · boosted
      “Leaching was further optimized by time (1–8 h) and solvent to seed ratio (1–5 ml/g seed), demonstrating that 4 h of leaching and 5 ml solvent/g seed were the optimal conditions for leaching most of the 20HE available in seeds and obtaining the highest yield of QL (Supplementary Fig. 1).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    QL contained 0.37% branched chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine).

    “About 0.37% of QL consisted of branched chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) (Supplementary Table 1).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    20HE leached from quinoa seeds into water gradually over 144 h, with greater leaching at 37°C (294.0 μg/g seed) compared with 25°C (156.5 μg/g seed).

    “20HE leached from quinoa seeds into water gradually over the course of 144 h, with greater leaching occurring at 37°C (294.0 μg/g seed) compared with at 25°C (156.5 μg/g seed) (Fig. 1).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    QL contained 3.53% moisture.

    “Other components, determined by proximate nutritional analysis of QL, included carbohydrates (53.6%), protein (20.4%), oil (11.9%), ash (6.97%) and moisture (3.53%).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Extracting ground seeds in 70% ethanol at 25°C released 399 μg 20HE/g seed, whereas leaching intact seeds for 24 h released 317.8 μg 20HE/g seed (about 80% as efficient as extraction).

    “Extracting the ground seeds in 70% ethanol at 25°C released 399 μg 20HE/g seed, whereas leaching intact seeds for 24 h released 317.8 μg 20HE/g seed (about 80% as efficient as extraction).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Leachate yield using 70% ethanol was 29.7 mg/g seed compared to 38.1 mg/g for extract.

    “For example, the leachate yield produced using 70% ethanol was 29.7 mg/g seed compared to 38.1 mg/g for the extract (Fig. 2C).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    The optimized quinoa leachate (QL) contained 20.4% protein.

    “The optimized quinoa leachate (QL), containing 0.86% 20HE, 1.00% total phytoecdysteroids, 2.59% flavonoid glycosides, 11.9% oil, and 20.4% protein, significantly lowered fasting blood glucose in obese, hyperglycemic mice.”
    • Also stated in: § 3.3. Biochemical analysis of quinoa leachate (QL) · plain
      “Other components, determined by proximate nutritional analysis of QL, included carbohydrates (53.6%), protein (20.4%), oil (11.9%), ash (6.97%) and moisture (3.53%).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Under optimal conditions (70% ethanol, 80°C, 4 h), leachate yield was 4.5% and 20HE content of dried leachate was 1.09%.

    “Under these conditions, the leachate yield was 4.5% and the 20HE content of the dried leachate was 1.09%.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Metformin and 500 mg/kg QL significantly decreased final % FBG compared with control.

    “Metformin and the higher dose of QL (500 mg/kg) significantly decreased final % FBG compared with the control by 1-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test (Fig. 4).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Fifteen peaks corresponding with fifteen different molecules were putatively identified in QL, including 4 quercetin glycosides, 1 kaempferol glycoside and 5 phytoecdysteroids.

    “Fifteen peaks corresponding with fifteen different molecules were putatively identified as listed in Table 2, including 4 quercetin glycosides, 1 kaempferol glycoside and 5 phytoecdysteroids (20HE, makisterone A, epi-makisterone A, 24(28)-dehydromakisterone A, and makisterone C).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    LC-MS analysis of QL revealed trace amounts of saponins.

    “LC-MS analysis of QL also revealed trace amounts of saponins (data not shown).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Leaching was further optimized by time (1-8 h) and solvent to seed ratio (1-5 ml/g seed), with 4 h and 5 ml/g seed being optimal.

    “Leaching was further optimized by time (1–8 h) and solvent to seed ratio (1–5 ml/g seed), demonstrating that 4 h of leaching and 5 ml solvent/g seed were the optimal conditions for leaching most of the 20HE available in seeds and obtaining the highest yield of QL (Supplementary Fig. 1).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    QL contained 53.6% carbohydrates.

    “Other components, determined by proximate nutritional analysis of QL, included carbohydrates (53.6%), protein (20.4%), oil (11.9%), ash (6.97%) and moisture (3.53%).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Quinoa seeds leach the majority of their stored phytoecdysteroids, along with several other biologically active compounds, such as flavonoids, into the surrounding medium.

    “We have demonstrated that quinoa seeds leach the majority of their stored phytoecdesteroids, along with several other biologically active compounds, such as flavonoids, into the surrounding medium, possibly as a defense mechanism against soil insects.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    In our study, AlterEco red quinoa seeds contained 491.3 μg 20HE/g seed, constituting 85.7% of total phytoecdysteroids.

    “In our study, AlterEco red quinoa seeds contained 491.3 μg 20HE/g seed, constituting 85.7% of total phytoecdysteroids.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Phytoecdysteroids have been implicated in plant defense by deterring insect herbivory, delaying insect development and causing lethality to insect larvae.

    “Phytoecdysteroids are polyhydroxylated steroids, structurally related to insect molting hormones, that have been implicated in plant defense by deterring insect herbivory, delaying insect development and causing lethality to insect larvae (Arnault & Slama, 1986; Blackford & Dinan, 1997; Marion-Poll & Descoins, 2002; Rharrabe, Sayan, & Lafont, 2010; Singh & Russell, 1980).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Arnault & Slama, 1986

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Blackford & Dinan, 1997

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Marion-Poll & Descoins, 2002

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Phytoecdysteroids have shown a wide range of therapeutic effects in mammals, including anabolic, performance enhancing, anti-osteoporotic and wound healing properties.

    “Phytoecdysteroids have also shown a wide range of therapeutic effects in mammals, including anabolic, performance enhancing (Gorelick-Feldman, MacLean, Ilic, Poulev, Lila, Cheng, & Raskin, 2008; Slama & Lafont, 1995), anti-osteoporotic (Kapur, Wuttke, Jarry, & Seidlova-Wuttke, 2010; Seidlova-Wuttke, Christel, Kapur, Nguyen, Jarry, & Wuttke, 2010) and wound healing properties (Syrov & Khushbaktova,”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Gorelick-Feldman et al., 2008 source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Slama & Lafont, 1995

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Kapur et al., 2010 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Foucault et al. (2011) previously reported a method for producing a conventional 20HE-enriched extract (1.5-2.0% 20HE w/w) from quinoa seeds.

    “Foucault et al. (2011) has previously reported a method for producing a conventional 20HE-enriched extract (1.5 – 2.0% 20HE w/w) from quinoa seeds.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Foucault et al., 2011 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    20-hydroxyecdysone (20HE) may play a role in the treatment and prevention of diabetes and obesity.

    “Recent literature also suggests that the most prevalent phytoecdysteroid, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20HE, also known as ecdysterone or β-ecdysone) may play a role in the treatment and prevention of diabetes and obesity.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Kizelsztein et al., 2009 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The Foucault et al. method resulted in a relatively low yield (10 mg extract/g seeds) and necessitated pulverization of seeds upon boiling, followed by several extractions and drying steps.

    “However, this method resulted in a relatively low yield (10 mg extract/g seeds) and necessitated pulverization of the seeds upon boiling, followed by several extractions and drying steps.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Foucault et al., 2011 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    Mice were randomly divided into FBG-balanced experimental groups.

    “Following a 4 h fasting period, the fasting blood glucose (FBG) was measured using an AlphaTRAK® handheld glucometer (Abbott Labs, Inc.), and mice were randomly divided into FBG-balanced experimental groups.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    The animal study was carried out in accordance with guidelines approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Rutgers University (Protocol Number: 04-023).

    “This study was carried out in accordance with the guidelines approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Rutgers University (Protocol Number: 04-023).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
27 of 27

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Little work has been done to investigate the role of quinoa's secondary metabolites in human health.

    “However, little work has been done to investigate the role of quinoa’s secondary metabolites in human health.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The genetic and environmental factors affecting phytoecdysteroid content in quinoa seeds are currently unknown.

    “However, the genetic and environmental factors affecting phytoecdysteroid content in quinoa seeds are currently unknown.”
2 of 2

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Quinoa extracts showed anti-obesity, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, immunoregulatory, and collagenase-modulating effects in in vivo experiments with rats.

    “Quinoa extracts showed anti-obesity, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, immunoregulatory, and collagenase-modulating effects in in vivo experiments with rats [208,209,210,211,212,213,214].”

    From Ecdysterone and Turkesterone—Compounds with Prominent Potential in Sport and Healthy Nutrition (2024) · cites this paper as [210]

    The Results (section 3.4) report that quinoa leachate lowered fasting blood glucose in an in vivo experiment, supporting the hypoglycemic part of the claim. The animals were mice, not rats. The paper does not report in vivo anti-obesity, antioxidant, immunoregulatory, or collagenase-modulating effects of the quinoa extract; its Discussion describes some properties of constituent flavonoids rather than demonstrating those effects for the extract. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Optimized quinoa extract significantly lowered fasting blood glucose in obese, hyperglycaemic mice.

    “The optimized Q extract significantly lowered fasting blood glucose in obese, hyperglycaemic mice [73].”

    From Molecular Targets of 20-Hydroxyecdysone in Mammals, Mechanism of Action: Is It a Calorie Restriction Mimetic and Anti-Aging Compound? (2025) · cites this paper as [73]

  • Quinoa extract counteracted the high-fat-related elevation of lipoprotein lipase and peroxisome proliferator-activating receptor-γ mRNA levels, indicating a decrease in fat-storing capacity in adipose tissues.

    “It was also found that Q counteracted the HF-related elevation of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and peroxisome proliferator-activating receptor-γ mRNA levels, indicating a decrease in fat-storing capacity in adipose tissues.”

    From Molecular Targets of 20-Hydroxyecdysone in Mammals, Mechanism of Action: Is It a Calorie Restriction Mimetic and Anti-Aging Compound? (2025) · cites this paper as [73]

    The Results (section 3.4; page unavailable) report that quinoa leachate lowered fasting blood glucose in obese mice, but do not report LPL or PPAR-γ mRNA measurements. Searches for those markers and fat-storing capacity found no passage in our copy addressing the claimed effect in adipose tissue. (LLM, conf=0.76)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Faecal lipid ratio was increased without altering stool amount.

    “The faecal lipid ratio was also increased without altering the stool amount.”

    From Molecular Targets of 20-Hydroxyecdysone in Mammals, Mechanism of Action: Is It a Calorie Restriction Mimetic and Anti-Aging Compound? (2025) · cites this paper as [73]

    The Animal study methods (section 2.8; page unavailable) describe monitoring food intake and body weight, while the in vivo results (section 3.4; page unavailable) report fasting blood glucose. Searches for faecal lipid ratio, stool amount, fecal fat excretion, and stool weight found no passage addressing either part of the claim. (LLM, conf=0.76)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Quinoa grains are a prospective source of a wide range of phytoecdysteroids and polyphenols of adaptogenic action.

    “A prospective source of a wide range of phytoecdysteroids and polyphenols of adaptogenic action is quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) grains [3,4].”

    From Anxiolytic and Antioxidant Effect of Phytoecdysteroids and Polyphenols from Chenopodium quinoa on an In Vivo Restraint Stress Model (2022) · cites this paper as [4]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • 20HE concentration is reported with the wrong units

    Minor

    The stated 10.4 and 10.7 values match the 20HE released divided by the dried-product yields, giving μg 20HE per mg of dried extract or leachate-not per g of seed. Expressed per g of seed, the paper reports 399 and 317.8 μg, respectively.

1 of 1

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

5 of the 40 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. FAO (2012). Master plan for the international year of quinoa: A future sown thousands of years ago. In (pp. 1–26).
  2. Lafont, 1998, Phytoecdysteroids in world flora: Diversity, distribution, biosynthesis and evolution, Russian Journal of Plant Physiology: A Comprehensive Russian Journal on Modern Phytophysiology, 45, 276
  3. Syrov, 1996, Wound-healing effects of ecdysteroids, Doklady Akademii Nauk Respubliki Uzbekistana, 12, 47

Cited by

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Related

Authors
Graf, B. L., Poulev, A., Kuhn, P., Grace, M. H., Lila, M. A., & Raskin, I.
Affiliations
  • Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
  • North Carolina State University (US)
Corresponding author
  • Graf, Brittany L.
  • Raskin, Ilya
ORCID
Venue
Food Chemistry
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014-11
Volume
163
Pages
178-185
ISSN
0308-8146 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.088
PMC
PMC4116738
OpenAlex
W2149960342
Cited by
129
References
40
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3
FWCI
12.88
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Food Chemistry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (P50AT002776)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Seed and Plant Biochemistry
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Phytochemical Studies and Bioactivities
Keywords
quinoa seeds, quinoa, phytoecdysteroids, 20-hydroxyecdysone, seed germination, flavonoid glycosides, antidiabetic activity, fasting blood glucose, hyperglycemia, obesity, bioactive compounds
MeSH terms
Animals, Chromatography, Liquid, Ecdysterone, Hypoglycemic Agents, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Seeds, Chenopodium quinoa, Mice

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