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Current status of research on exosomes in general, and for the diagnosis and treatment of kidney cancer in particular

Mao, Weipu, Wang, Keyi, Wu, Zonglin, Xu, Bin, Chen, Ming·2021·Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research
DOI 10.1186/s13046-021-02114-2PMC PMC8477471
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Abstract

Kidney cancer is a common urological tumour. Owing to its high prevalence and mortality rate, it is the third most malignant tumour of the urinary system, followed by prostate and bladder cancers. It exerts a high degree of malignancy, and most of the distant metastasis occurs at an early stage; it is insensitive to chemoradiotherapy and easily develops drug resistance. The current treatment for kidney cancer mainly includes surgery, interventional embolization and targeted therapy; however, the treatment efficacy is poor. In recent years, the role of exosomes as mediators of intercellular communication and information exchange in the tumour microenvironment in tumour pathogenesis has attracted much attention. Exosomes are rich in bioactive substances such as nucleic acids, proteins and lipids and are involved in angiogenesis, immune regulation, drug resistance, formation of pre-metastatic niche, invasion and metastasis. This article reviews the ongoing research and applications of exosomes for the diagnosis and treatment of kidney cancer.

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Fig. 1 The hallmarks and cargos of exosomes. Exosomes are hemispherical structures with lipid bilayer membrane under electron microscope. Exosomes are composed of various components, mainly including proteins, lipids and nucleic acids
Fig. 1 The hallmarks and cargos of exosomes. Exosomes are hemispherical structures with lipid bilayer membrane under electron microscope. Exosomes are composed of various components, mainly including proteins, lipids and nucleic acidsCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 2 Exosome biogenesis and secretion within endosomal system by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) pathway. Early endosomes (EEs) are formed by the fusion of endsomes. Subsequently, EEs depend on ESCRT to form multivesicular late endosomes (LEs)/bodies (MVBs). Rab27a and Rab27b direct the movement of LEs/MVBs toward the cell periphery, the SNARE complex helps LEs/MVBs fuse with the plasma membrane to release exosomes, and the rest of LEs/MVBs are degraded by lysosomes
Fig. 2 Exosome biogenesis and secretion within endosomal system by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) pathway. Early endosomes (EEs) are formed by the fusion of endsomes. Subsequently, EEs depend on ESCRT to form multivesicular late endosomes (LEs)/bodies (MVBs). Rab27a and Rab27b direct the movement of LEs/MVBs toward the cell periphery, the SNARE complex helps LEs/MVBs fuse with the plasma membrane to release exosomes, and the rest of LEs/MVBs are degraded by lysosomesCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 3 Role of exosomal constituents in kidney cancer. Exosomal component sare involved in the proliferation, migration and invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, drug resistance, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of kidney cancer
Fig. 3 Role of exosomal constituents in kidney cancer. Exosomal component sare involved in the proliferation, migration and invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, drug resistance, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of kidney cancerCC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Mao, W., Wang, K., Wu, Z., Xu, B., & Chen, M.
Venue
Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2021-09-28
Volume
40
Issue
1
ISSN
1756-9966
DOI
10.1186/s13046-021-02114-2
PMC
PMC8477471
Cited by
48
References
7
Language
en
Licence
Funders
  • Scientific Research Foundation of the Graduate School of Southeast University (YBPY2173)
  • Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (KYCX21_0156)
  • Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program (BE2019751)
  • Innovative Team of Jiangsu Province (2017XKJQW07)
  • The National Key Research and Development Program of China (SQ2017YFSF090096)

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Current status of research on exosomes in general, and for the diagnosis and treatment of kidney cancer in particular. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1186/s13046-021-02114-2
The paper
Mao, W., Wang, K., Wu, Z., Xu, B., & Chen, M. (2021). Current status of research on exosomes in general, and for the diagnosis and treatment of kidney cancer in particular. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-021-02114-2