The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Clinical course and outcome of 107 patients infected with the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, discharged from two hospitals in Wuhan, China
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Background: In December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was reported from Wuhan, China. Information on the clinical course and prognosis of COVID-19 was not thoroughly described. We described the clinical courses and prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Methods: Retrospective case series of COVID-19 patients from Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University in Wuhan and Xishui Hospital, Hubei Province, China, up to February 10, 2020. Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical data were collected. The clinical course of survivors and non-survivors were compared. Risk factors for death were analyzed. Results: A total of 107 discharged patients with COVID-19 were enrolled. The clinical course of COVID-19 presented as a tri-phasic pattern. Week 1 after illness onset was characterized by fever, cough, dyspnea, lymphopenia, and radiological multi-lobar pulmonary infiltrates. In severe cases, thrombocytopenia, acute kidney injury, acute myocardial injury, and adult respiratory distress syndrome were observed. During week 2, in mild cases, fever, cough, and systemic symptoms began to resolve and platelet count rose to normal range, but lymphopenia persisted. In severe cases, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, and deteriorating multi-organ dysfunction were dominant. By week 3, mild cases had clinically resolved except for lymphopenia. However, severe cases showed persistent lymphopenia, severe acute respiratory dyspnea syndrome, refractory shock, anuric acute kidney injury, coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, and death. Older age and male sex were independent risk factors for poor outcome of the illness. Conclusions: A period of 7–13 days after illness onset is the critical stage in the COVID-19 course. Age and male gender were independent risk factors for death of COVID-19.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Figures
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A review of 107 patients with COVID-19 showed that 7 to 13 days after illness onset is a critical stage in this disease (67).”
From Lung epithelial and endothelial damage, loss of tissue repair, inhibition of fibrinolysis, and cellular senescence in fatal COVID-19 (2021) · cites this paper as [67]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
Epidemiological and clinical features of the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in ChinaPreprint
Yang, Y., Lu, Q., Liu, M., Wang, Y.-X., Zhang, A., Jalali, N., Dean, N. E., Longini, I. M., Halloran, M. E., Xu, B., et al. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.02.10.20021675 · Cited by 536
Self-citationRetractedClinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China
Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu, X., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30183-5 · Cited by 48,884
Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China
Guan, W.-J., Ni, Z.-Y., Hu, Y., Liang, W.-H., Ou, C.-Q., He, J.-X., Liu, L., Shan, H., Lei, C.-L., Hui, D. S. C., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2002032 · Cited by 30,246
A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019
Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J., Zhao, X., Huang, B., Shi, W., Lu, R., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2001017 · Cited by 28,244
Self-citationZhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Fan, G., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Xiang, J., Wang, Y., Song, B., Gu, X., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30566-3 · Cited by 27,263
A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin
Zhou, P., Yang, X.-L., Wang, X.-G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Si, H.-R., Zhu, Y., Li, B., Huang, C.-L., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7 · Cited by 21,969
Self-citationChen, N., Zhou, M., Dong, X., Qu, J., Gong, F., Han, Y., Qiu, Y., Wang, J., Liu, Y., Wei, Y., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30211-7 · Cited by 21,415
Self-citationWang, D., Hu, B., Hu, C., Zhu, F., Liu, X., Zhang, J., Wang, B., Xiang, H., Cheng, Z., Xiong, Y., et al. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.1585 · Cited by 20,148
Self-citationLa certeza de lo impredecible: Cultura Educación y Sociedad en tiempos de COVID19
Martínez González, M. (2020) · DSPACE System - Metalibrary (University of the Coast) · Cited by 18,463
Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia
Li, Q., Guan, X., Wu, P., Wang, X., Zhou, L., Tong, Y., Ren, R., Leung, K. S. M., Lau, E. H. Y., Wong, J. Y., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2001316 · Cited by 16,575
Self-citationLu, R., Zhao, X., Li, J., Niu, P., Yang, B., Wu, H., Wang, W., Song, H., Huang, B., Zhu, N., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30251-8 · Cited by 11,907
Self-citationChen, Y., Wang, L., Kang, Q., Zhang, X., Yu, G., Wan, X., Wang, J., & Zhu, K. (2017) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000477308 · Cited by 10,730
Self-citationAcute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Ards Definition Task Force (2012) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2012.5669 · Cited by 9,066
Chan, J., Yuan, S.-F., Kok, K.-H., To, K., Chu, H., Yang, J., Xing, F., Liu, J.-L., Yip, C., Poon, R., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30154-9 · Cited by 8,450
Wang, M., Cao, R., Zhang, L., Yang, X., Liu, J., Xu, M., Shi, Z., Hú, Z., Zhong, W., & Xiao, G. (2020) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/s41422-020-0282-0 · Cited by 6,994
First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States
Holshue, M. L., DeBolt, C., Lindquist, S., Lofy, K. H., Wiesman, J., Bruce, H., Spitters, C., Ericson, K., Wilkerson, S., Tural, A., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2001191 · Cited by 6,030
Isolation of a Novel Coronavirus from a Man with Pneumonia in Saudi Arabia
Zaki, A. M., van Boheemen, S., Bestebroer, T. M., Osterhaus, A. D. M. E., & Fouchier, R. A. M. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1211721 · Cited by 5,677
A Trial of Lopinavir–Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Severe Covid-19
Cao, B., Wang, Y., Wen, D., Liu, W., Wang, J., Fan, G., Ruan, L., Song, B., Cai, Y., Wei, M., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2001282 · Cited by 5,258
Self-citation(2012) · Kidney International Supplements · doi:10.1038/kisup.2012.1 · Cited by 4,326
Transmission of 2019-nCoV Infection from an Asymptomatic Contact in Germany
Rothe, C., Schunk, M., Sothmann, P., Bretzel, G., Froeschl, G., Wallrauch, C., Zimmer, T., Thiel, V., Jänke, C., Guggemos, W., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc2001468 · Cited by 4,211
Letko, M., Marzi, A., & Munster, V. (2020) · Nature Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41564-020-0688-y · Cited by 3,109
Importation and Human-to-Human Transmission of a Novel Coronavirus in Vietnam
Lan, P. T., Nguyễn, T. V., Lương, Q. C., Nguyen, T. V., Nguyen, H. T., Le, H. Q., Nguyen, T. T., Cao, T. M., & Pham, Q. D. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc2001272 · Cited by 1,164
Single-cell RNA expression profiling of ACE2, the receptor of SARS-CoV-2
Zhao, Y., Zhao, Z., Wang, Y., Zhou, Y., Ma, Y., & Zuo, W. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.01.26.919985 · Cited by 860
Zhang, H., Kang, Z., Gong, H., Xu, D., Wang, J., Li, Z., Cui, X., Xiao, J., Meng, T., Zhou, W., et al. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.01.30.927806 · Cited by 658
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Acute Kidney Injury Work Group. KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Acute Kidney Injury Kidney Int Suppl 2012; 2:1.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Risk factors for severe and critically ill COVID‐19 patients: A review
Gao, Y., Ding, M., Dong, X., Zhang, J., Azkur, A. K., Azkur, D., Gan, H. K., Sun, Y., Fu, W., Li, W., et al. (2020) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.14657 · Cited by 1,453
Antibiotic prescribing in patients with COVID-19: rapid review and meta-analysis
Langford, B. J., So, M., Raybardhan, S., Leung, V., Soucy, J.-P. R., Westwood, D. J., Daneman, N., & MacFadden, D. R. (2021) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2020.12.018 · Cited by 934
Izcovich, A., Ragusa, M. A., Tortosa, F. G., Marzio, M. A. L., Agnoletti, C., Bengolea, A., Ceirano, A., Espinosa, F., Saavedra, E., Sanguine, V., et al. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0241955 · Cited by 676
Booth, A., Reed, A. B., Ponzo, S., Yassaee, A., Aral, M., Plans, D., Labrique, A. B., & Mohan, D. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0247461 · Cited by 582
The unique characteristics of COVID-19 coagulopathy
Iba, T., Levy, J. H., Connors, J. M., Warkentin, T. E., Thachil, J. V., & Levi, M. M. (2020) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-020-03077-0 · Cited by 548
Metadata
- Authors
- Wang, D., Yin, Y., Hu, C., Liu, X., Zhang, X., Zhou, S., Jian, M., Xu, H., Prowle, J., Hu, B., Li, Y., & Peng, Z.
- Affiliations
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University (CN)
- Barts Health NHS Trust (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Li, Yirong
- Peng, Zhiyong
- ORCID
- Venue
- Critical Care
- Published
- 2020-04-30
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 188-188
- ISSN
- 1364-8535 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7192564
- OpenAlex
- W3023796702
- Cited by
- 397
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 134 · 2020: 161
- FWCI
- 12.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Critical Care (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Square (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Informationszentrum Lebenswissenschaften (ZB MED) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81701941, 81772046, 81971816)
- National Major Science and Technology Projects of China (2020ZX09201007)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, clinical course, prognosis, mortality risk factors, lymphopenia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney injury, thrombocytopenia, multiple organ failure, old age, male sex, Wuhan
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, China, Cough, Female, Fever, Heart, Humans, Lymphopenia, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Discharge, Pneumonia, Viral, Prognosis, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Thrombocytopenia, Coronavirus Infections, Young Adult, Acute Kidney Injury, Pandemics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
