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Cited by 101Parasitic Diseases Research and TreatmentMosquito-borne diseases and controlVector-borne infectious diseases

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Development of Dirofilaria immitis within the mosquito Aedes (Finlaya) koreicus, a new invasive species for Europe

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Montarsi, Fabrizio, Ciocchetta, Silvia, Devine, Gregor, Ravagnan, Silvia, Mutinelli, Franco, Frangipane di Regalbono, Antonio, Otranto, Domenico, Capelli, Gioia·2015·Parasites & Vectors
DOI 10.1186/s13071-015-0800-yPMC PMC4382832
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Over the recent decades, container-breeding mosquito species belonging to the genus Aedes have frequently been recorded far from their place of origin. Aedes koreicus was first reported in north-eastern Italy in 2011, in a region endemic for Dirofilaria immitis, the agent of canine heartworm disease. The vector competence of Ae. koreicus for D. immitis was here tested under laboratory conditions, by infecting mosquitoes with a local strain of D. immitis. METHODS: Blood containing 3000 microfilariae/ml was offered to 54 mosquitoes (T group) while 29 were left as a control (C group). Mosquitoes killed at scheduled days post infection (dpi) and naturally dead were divided in head, thorax and abdomen and examined for D. immitis larval stages by dissection under a microscope and molecularly. RESULTS: Of the 45 engorged mosquitoes in T, 32 (71.1%) scored positive for D. immitis larval stages. L3 were found as early as 8 dpi in the Malpighian tubules and then in the thorax, salivary glands, palp and proboscis. At the end of the study a total of 18 mosquitoes developed L3 giving an estimated infection rate at 12 dpi of 68.2% and a vector efficiency index of 25.2%. The rate of mortality in T group within the first 9 days post infection was significantly higher in T group (47.6%) than in C group (8.3%) (p < 0.01). The concordance between microscopy and PCR was high (0.8-0.9), however, a positivity for D. immitis in the head was found molecularly at 13 dpi, three days before microscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Aedes koreicus, a new invasive species for Europe, is most likely a competent vector of D. immitis being of potential relevance in the natural cycle of the parasite. This poses a new threat for animal and human health in endemic areas for dirofilariosis and enhances the risk of spreading the infection in previously non-endemic areas. These results stress the importance of active surveillance and control strategies to minimize the risk of introduction of invasive alien species.

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Crossref · 10.1186/s13071-015-0800-y

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Figures

Figure 1 Larval stages of Dirofilaria immiti s within Aedes koreicus. a) L1 (40X); b) L2 (10X); c) L3 (5X).
Figure 1 Larval stages of Dirofilaria immiti s within Aedes koreicus. a) L1 (40X); b) L2 (10X); c) L3 (5X).CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Percentage of different larval stages of Dirofilaria immitis within Aedes koreicus mosquitoes.
Figure 2 Percentage of different larval stages of Dirofilaria immitis within Aedes koreicus mosquitoes.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 L1 of Dirofilaria immitis alive (clear) and melanized (brown) within the abdomen of Aedes koreicus (20X).
Figure 3 L1 of Dirofilaria immitis alive (clear) and melanized (brown) within the abdomen of Aedes koreicus (20X).CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 L2 of Dirofilaria immitis within the Malpighian tubules of Aedes koreicus (5X).
Figure 4 L2 of Dirofilaria immitis within the Malpighian tubules of Aedes koreicus (5X).CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 L3 of Dirofilaria immitis within the head of Aedes koreicus (10X). L3 emerging from the palp (a) and the proboscis (b).
Figure 5 L3 of Dirofilaria immitis within the head of Aedes koreicus (10X). L3 emerging from the palp (a) and the proboscis (b).CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 6 Rate of mortality of Aedes koreicus infected with Dirofilaria immits during the study.
Figure 6 Rate of mortality of Aedes koreicus infected with Dirofilaria immits during the study.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. Miyagi I. Notes on the Aedes (Finlaya) chrysolineatus subgroup in Japan and Korea (Diptera: Culicidae). Tropical Med. 1971;13(3):141–51.
  2. Tiawsirisup S, Kaewthamasorn M. The potential for Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) to be a competent vector for canine heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy). Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2007;38 Suppl 1:208–14.
  3. Gander E. ZurHistochemie und Histologie des Mitteldarnies von Aedes aegypti und Anopheles stephensi in Znsammenhang mit der Bintverdannng. Acta Trop. 1968;25(2):131–75.
  4. Cazzin S, Ciocchetta S, Ravagnan S, Drago A, Carlin S, Capelli G, Montarsi F. Host preference of the invasive mosquito Aedes koreicus [Hulecoeteomyia koreica]. In Proceedings of XXVIII National Congress SOIPA, 2014: 156, available online at: http://www.soipa.it/images/documenti/attisoipa2014.pdf

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Metadata

Authors
Montarsi, F., Ciocchetta, S., Devine, G., Ravagnan, S., Mutinelli, F., Frangipane di Regalbono, A., Otranto, D., & Capelli, G.
Affiliations
  • Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IT)
  • Queensland University of Technology (AU)
  • QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute (AU)
  • University of Bari Aldo Moro (IT)
Corresponding author
Capelli, Gioia
ORCID
Venue
Parasites & Vectors
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2015-03-23
Volume
8
Issue
1
Pages
177-177
ISSN
1756-3305 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/s13071-015-0800-y
PMC
PMC4382832
OpenAlex
W2126586237
Cited by
101
References
53
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4
FWCI
7.80
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Parasites & Vectors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
  • CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Bari Aldo Moro) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Bayer HealthCare
  • Ministero della Salute
  • Regione del Veneto
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Mosquito-borne diseases and control
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Vector-borne infectious diseases
Keywords
Dirofilaria immitis, Aedes koreicus, vector competence, canine heartworm disease, invasive mosquito species, mosquito mortality, Malpighian tubules, salivary glands, dirofilariasis, invasive species, Europe
MeSH terms
Aedes, Animals, Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilariasis, Dog Diseases, Dogs, Europe, Humans, Insect Vectors, Italy, Larva, Introduced Species

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