Aedes albopictus is a natural vector of Dirofilaria immitis in Italy
Abstract
Investigations were carried out in Padova town (Veneto region, NE Italy) to define the actual role of Aedes albopictus in the natural transmission of Dirofilaria nematodes, and to assess the risk that its presence might represent for veterinary and medical health. During summer 2000-2002 daytime captures of human-attracted mosquitoes were carried out in three areas of the town. The presence of filarial parasites in mosquitoes was evaluated by PCR, and sequencing confirmed species assessment. DNA extraction was performed separately on pools of the insect abdomen and thorax-head, to discriminate between Dirofilaria infected/infective specimens. A total of 2721 mosquitoes were caught and A. albopictus was the most abundant species (2534). Filarial DNA was found in 27.5% (19/69) of the abdomen pools formed with mosquitoes collected in summer 2000, and in 11.1% (16/144) and 4.9% (6/123) thorax-head pools coming from samplings 2001 and 2002, respectively. Filarial DNA was belonging to D. immitis and all studied areas harboured infective specimens. These results prove A. albopictus as natural vector of D. immitis in Italy. Moreover, they support the hypothesis that the presence of the mosquito could affect the transmission pattern of canine heartworm disease in urban environment and, considering the aggressive anthropophylic behaviour of the species (30-48 bites/h) proven in Padova town, could enhance the circulation of filarial nematodes from animals to humans.
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The vectorial capacity of Ae. albopictus has been proved in the transmission of Dengue fever and Yellow fever, it is a potential vector for several arbovirus, and its capacity to transmit infective larvae of D. immitis has been confirmed in its area of origin, in Italy and some areas of North America.
“Its vectorial capacity has been proved in the transmission of Dengue fever and Yellow fever, is a potential vector for several arbovirus (Mitchell, 1995) and its capacity to transmit infective larvae of D. immitis has been confirmed in its area of origin, in Italy and some areas of North America (Comiskey and Wesson, 1995; Cancrini et al., 2003; Gratz, 2004).”
From Heartworm Disease (Dirofilaria immitis) and Their Vectors in Europe – New Distribution Trends (2012) · cites this paper as Cancrini et al., 2003
Aedes albopictus and Cx. pipiens are recognised vectors of heartworm.
“Among the mosquito species that best adapt to these kinds of changes are Aedes albopictus and Cx. pipiens, which are recognised vectors of heartworm”
From Expansion of canine heartworm in Spain (2022) · cites this paper as [39]
Due to the introduction of Aedes albopictus in Italy and other European countries, the risk of Dirofilaria transmission is higher throughout the day time, because this species is diurnal and acts as a natural vector of both filariae in Italy.
“In addition, due to the introduction of Aedes albopictus [Stegomya albopicta] in Italy as well in other European countries [26] the risk of Dirofilaria transmission is higher throughout the day time, as a consequence of the fact that this species is diurnal and it acts as natural vector of both filariae in Italy [9,27].”
From Risk of canine and human exposure to Dirofilaria immitis infected mosquitoes in endemic areas of Italy (2013) · cites this paper as [9]
Mosquito species of the genus Culex and Ochlerotatus have been reported as major vectors of Dirofilaria in Italy and other European countries.
“Mosquito species of the genus Culex and Ochlerotatus have been reported as major vectors of Dirofilaria in Italy and other European countries [3,9,10].”
From Risk of canine and human exposure to Dirofilaria immitis infected mosquitoes in endemic areas of Italy (2013) · cites this paper as [9]
Stegomyia albopicta is a vector of Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens and is active throughout the whole day and year in southern areas, especially in urban habitats.
“Stegomyia albopicta, a vector of D. immitis[46,73] and of D. repens[74] is active throughout the whole day and year in southern areas, especially in urban habitats.”
From Vector-borne helminths of dogs and humans in Europe (2013) · cites this paper as [46]
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- Authors
- Cancrini, G., Frangipane di Regalbono, A., Ricci, I., Tessarin, C., Gabrielli, S., & Pietrobelli, M.
- Affiliations
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- University of Padua (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Cancrini, G
- Venue
- Veterinary Parasitology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-12
- Volume
- 118
- Issue
- 3-4
- Pages
- 195-202
- ISSN
- 0304-4017 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1981023545
- Cited by
- 206
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 2.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Veterinary Parasitology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Unicam Scientific Publications (University of Camerino) (submittedVersion)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Keywords
- Aedes albopictus, Dirofilaria immitis, canine heartworm disease, urban mosquito surveillance, Padua
- MeSH terms
- Aedes, Animals, Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilariasis, Female, Humans, Insect Bites and Stings, Insect Vectors, Italy, RNA, Ribosomal, 5S, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sequence Analysis, DNA, DNA, Helminth
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