How genetic analysis may contribute to the understanding of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)
Open accessAbstract
Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) was introduced in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Unlike anorexia nervosa, ARFID is characterised by avoidant or restricted food intake that is not driven by weight or body shape-related concerns. As with other eating disorders, it is expected that ARFID will have a significant genetic risk component; however, sufficiently large-scale genetic investigations are yet to be performed in this group of patients. This narrative review considers the current literature on the diagnosis, presentation, and course of ARFID, including evidence for different presentations, and identifies fundamental questions about how ARFID might fit into the fluid landscape of other eating and mental disorders. In the absence of large ARFID GWAS, we consider genetic research on related conditions to point to possible features or mechanisms relevant to future ARFID investigations, and discuss the theoretical and clinical implications an ARFID GWAS. An argument for a collaborative approach to recruit ARFID participants for genome-wide association study is presented, as understanding the underlying genomic architecture of ARFID will be a key step in clarifying the biological mechanisms involved, and the development of interventions and treatments for this serious, and often debilitating disorder.
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The prevalence of ARFID in the general population is estimated to be between 0.5% and 5%.
“The prevalence of ARFID in the general population is not well established, but estimates suggest it may affect between 0.5% and 5% of people [23].”
From Unraveling the Connections: Eating Issues, Microbiome, and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder (2025) · cites this paper as [23]
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Is it leukemia, doctor? No, it’s scurvy induced by an ARFID!
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Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [4]Mehler PS Brown C Anorexia nervosa–medical complications J Eat Disord 2015 3 1 1 8 10.1186/s40337-015-0037-3 25834735 PMC4381361 · DOI
- [52]Bryant-Waugh R Higgins C Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder in childhood and adolescence: a clinical guide 2020 London Routledge
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Sanchez-Cerezo, J., Neale, J., Julius, N., Croudace, T., Lynn, R. M., Hudson, L. D., & Nicholls, D. (2024) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102440 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Kennedy, H. L., Dinkler, L., Kennedy, M. A., Bulik, C. M., & Jordan, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Otago (NZ)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jordan, Jennifer
- Venue
- Journal of Eating Disorders
- Published
- 2022-04-15
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 53-53
- ISSN
- 2050-2974 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9013144
- OpenAlex
- W4224026897
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 113
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 1.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Eating Disorders (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH120170, R01MH124871, R01MH119084, R01MH118278, R01 MH124871)
- Vetenskapsrådet (Bulik 538-2013-8864)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, genetic risk, genome-wide association study, eating disorders, DSM-5, anorexia nervosa, genetic architecture, participant recruitment, research collaboration, biological mechanisms, treatment development
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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