Genome-wide association study identifies 30 loci associated with bipolar disorder
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Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a highly heritable psychiatric disorder. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 20,352 cases and 31,358 controls of European descent, with follow-up analysis of 822 variants with P < 1 × 10−4 in an additional 9,412 cases and 137,760 controls. Eight of the 19 variants that were genome-wide significant (P < 5 × 10−8) in the discovery GWAS were not genome-wide significant in the combined analysis, consistent with small effect sizes and limited power but also with genetic heterogeneity. In the combined analysis, 30 loci were genome-wide significant, including 20 newly identified loci. The significant loci contain genes encoding ion channels, neurotransmitter transporters and synaptic components. Pathway analysis revealed nine significantly enriched gene sets, including regulation of insulin secretion and endocannabinoid signaling. Bipolar I disorder is strongly genetically correlated with schizophrenia, driven by psychosis, whereas bipolar II disorder is more strongly correlated with major depressive disorder. These findings address key clinical questions and provide potential biological mechanisms for bipolar disorder. Genome-wide analysis identifies 30 loci associated with bipolar disorder, allowing for comparisons of shared genes and pathways with other psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and depression.
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Upregulated genes in chronological aging showed overrepresentation for genes in AD or PD GWAS loci, but not for genes in SCZ or BD.
“The upregulated genes in chronological aging showed overrepresentation for genes in AD (e.g. MS4A6A, FCER1G, and CR1) or PD (e.g. BST1, PTPN22, and TNFSF13) GWAS loci, but not for genes in schizophrenia (SCZ) or bipolar disorder (BD) (Fig. 3d).”
From Genetic analysis of the human microglial transcriptome across brain regions, aging and disease pathologies (2022) · cites this paper as [35]
The Results section (‘Follow-up of suggestive loci in additional samples’; page unavailable) identifies 30 bipolar-disorder GWAS loci, supporting use of this paper as a source for BD loci. It does not test whether genes upregulated in chronological aging are overrepresented in AD or PD loci but not SCZ or BD loci; that comparison is not supported by this source. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThere is a significant genetic overlap between people with addictive disorders and people with bipolar disorder.
“There is a significant genetic overlap between people with addictive disorders and people with BD as demonstrated both by family studies (16) and shared polymorphisms of candidate genes involved in monoamine transport or metabolism (17, 18).”
From The detrimental effects of smoking on the course and outcome in adults with bipolar disorder—A narrative review (2023) · cites this paper as [17]
The Results section, “Shared loci and genetic correlations with other traits” (page unavailable), reports genetic correlations between bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, depression, and several other traits, but not addictive disorders. Searches for addiction, substance dependence, family studies, and shared monoamine-gene polymorphisms found no passage establishing the claimed overlap. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn several GWASs of depression-related traits, TNKS was found to be associated with depression-related traits (p = 7.68 × 10−10), bipolar disorder (p = 3 × 10−6), and positive affect (p = 0.0003).
“In several genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of depression-related traits, TNKS was found to be associated with (p = 7.68 × 10−10)38, bipolar disorder (p = 3 × 10−6)39, and positive affect (p = 0.0003)40.”
From Methylome-wide change associated with response to electroconvulsive therapy in depressed patients (2021) · cites this paper as [39]
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- Authors
- eQTLGen Consortium, Stahl, E. A., BIOS Consortium, the Bipolar Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Breen, G., Forstner, A. J., McQuillin, A., Ripke, S., Trubetskoy, V., Mattheisen, M., Wang, Y., Coleman, J. R. I., Gaspar, H. A., de Leeuw, C. A., Steinberg, S., Pavlides, J. M. W., Trzaskowski, M., Byrne, E. M., Pers, T. H., Holmans, P. A., Richards, A. L., Abbott, L., Agerbo, E., Akil, H., Albani, D., Alliey-Rodriguez, N., Als, T. D., Anjorin, A., Antilla, V., Awasthi, S., Badner, J. A., Bækvad-Hansen, M., Barchas, J. D., Bass, N., Bauer, M., Belliveau, R., Bergen, S. E., Pedersen, C. B., Bøen, E., Boks, M. P., Boocock, J., Budde, M., Bunney, W., Burmeister, M., Bybjerg-Grauholm, J., Byerley, W., Casas, M., Cerrato, F., Cervantes, P., Chambert, K., Charney, A. W., Chen, D., Churchhouse, C., Clarke, T.-K., Coryell, W., Craig, D. W., Cruceanu, C., Curtis, D., Czerski, P. M., Dale, A. M., de Jong, S., Degenhardt, F., Del-Favero, J., DePaulo, J. R., Djurovic, S., Dobbyn, A. L., Dumont, A., Elvsåshagen, T., Escott-Price, V., Fan, C. C., Fischer, S. B., Flickinger, M., Foroud, T. M., Forty, L., Frank, J., Fraser, C., Freimer, N. B., Frisén, L., Gade, K., Gage, D., Garnham, J., Giambartolomei, C., Pedersen, M. G., Goldstein, J., Gordon, S. D., Gordon-Smith, K., Green, E. K., Green, M. J., Greenwood, T. A., Grove, J., Guan, W., Guzman-Parra, J., Hamshere, M. L., Hautzinger, M., Heilbronner, U., Herms, S., Hipolito, M., Hoffmann, P., Holland, D., Huckins, L., Jamain, S., Johnson, J. S., Juréus, A., Kandaswamy, R., Karlsson, R., Kennedy, J. L., Kittel-Schneider, S., Knowles, J. A., Kogevinas, M., Koller, A. C., Kupka, R., Lavebratt, C., Lawrence, J., Lawson, W. B., Leber, M., Lee, P. H., Levy, S. E., Li, J. Z., Liu, C., Lucae, S., Maaser, A., MacIntyre, D. J., Mahon, P. B., Maier, W., Martinsson, L., McCarroll, S., McGuffin, P., McInnis, M. G., McKay, J. D., Medeiros, H., Medland, S. E., Meng, F., Milani, L., Montgomery, G. W., Morris, D. W., Mühleisen, T. W., Mullins, N., Nguyen, H., Nievergelt, C. M., Adolfsson, A. N., Nwulia, E. A., O’Donovan, C., Loohuis, L. M. O., Ori, A. P. S., Oruc, L., Ösby, U., Perlis, R. H., Perry, A., Pfennig, A., Potash, J. B., Purcell, S. M., Regeer, E. J., Reif, A., Reinbold, C. S., Rice, J. P., Rivas, F., Rivera, M., Roussos, P., Ruderfer, D. M., Ryu, E., Sánchez-Mora, C., Schatzberg, A. F., Scheftner, W. A., Schork, N. J., Shannon Weickert, C., Shehktman, T., Shilling, P. D., Sigurdsson, E., Slaney, C., Smeland, O. B., Sobell, J. L., Søholm Hansen, C., Spijker, A. T., St Clair, D., Steffens, M., Strauss, J. S., Streit, F., Strohmaier, J., Szelinger, S., Thompson, R. C., Thorgeirsson, T. E., Treutlein, J., Vedder, H., Wang, W., Watson, S. J., Weickert, T. W., Witt, S. H., Xi, S., Xu, W., Young, A. H., Zandi, P., Zhang, P., Zöllner, S., Adolfsson, R., Agartz, I., Alda, M., Backlund, L., Baune, B. T., Bellivier, F., Berrettini, W. H., Biernacka, J. M., Blackwood, D. H. R., Boehnke, M., Børglum, A. D., Corvin, A., Craddock, N., Daly, M. J., Dannlowski, U., Esko, T., Etain, B., Frye, M., Fullerton, J. M., Gershon, E. S., Gill, M., Goes, F., Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, M., Hauser, J., Hougaard, D. M., Hultman, C. M., Jones, I., Jones, L. A., Kahn, R. S., Kirov, G., Landén, M., Leboyer, M., Lewis, C. M., Li, Q. S., Lissowska, J., Martin, N. G., Mayoral, F., McElroy, S. L., McIntosh, A. M., McMahon, F. J., Melle, I., Metspalu, A., Mitchell, P. B., Morken, G., Mors, O., Mortensen, P. B., Müller-Myhsok, B., Myers, R. M., Neale, B. M., Nimgaonkar, V., Nordentoft, M., Nöthen, M. M., O’Donovan, M. C., Oedegaard, K. J., Owen, M. J., Paciga, S. A., Pato, C., Pato, M. T., Posthuma, D., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., Ribasés, M., Rietschel, M., Rouleau, G. A., Schalling, M., Schofield, P. R., Schulze, T. G., Serretti, A., Smoller, J. W., Stefansson, H., Stefansson, K., Stordal, E., Sullivan, P. F., Turecki, G., Vaaler, A. E., Vieta, E., Vincent, J. B., Werge, T., Nurnberger, J. I., Wray, N. R., Di Florio, A., Edenberg, H. J., Cichon, S., Ophoff, R. A., Scott, L. J., Andreassen, O. A., Kelsoe, J., & Sklar, P.
- Affiliations
- Broad Institute (US)
- King's College London (GB)
- University of Bonn (DE)
- University College London (GB)
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (DE)
- Aarhus University (DK)
- University of Oslo (NO)
- deCODE Genetics (Iceland) (IS)
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Cardiff University (GB)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research (IT)
- Berkshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Rush University Medical Center (US)
- Weill Cornell Medicine (US)
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus (DE)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Diakonhjemmet Hospital (NO)
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Institut für Psychiatrische Phänomik und Genomik (DE)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- McGill University Health Centre (CA)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics (US)
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (US)
- Queen Mary University of London (GB)
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences (PL)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Oslo University Hospital (NO)
- University of Basel (CH)
- Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen (DE)
- Dalhousie University (CA)
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute (AU)
- University of Plymouth (GB)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- University of Tübingen (DE)
- Howard University Hospital (US)
- Inserm (FR)
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CA)
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University (US)
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ES)
- GGZ inGeest (NL)
- East London NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- University Hospital Bonn (DE)
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology (US)
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry (DE)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Centre international de recherche sur le cancer (FR)
- University of Tartu (EE)
- Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway (IE)
- Forschungszentrum Jülich (DE)
- Umeå University (SE)
- Harvard University (US)
- University of Worcester (GB)
- University Hospital Frankfurt (DE)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (ES)
- Universidad de Granada (ES)
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center (US)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- University of Southern California (US)
- PsyQ (NL)
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (DE)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Trinity College Dublin (IE)
- University of Münster (DE)
- University of Chicago (US)
- Statens Serum Institut (DK)
- The Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology (PL)
- Lindner Center of HOPE (US)
- National Institute of Mental Health (US)
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- Aarhus University Hospital (DK)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Haukeland University Hospital (NO)
- Pfizer (United States) (US)
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (CA)
- University of Bologna (IT)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- McGill University (CA)
- St Olav's University Hospital (NO)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (ES)
- Indiana University School of Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Stahl, Eli A.
- Kelsoe, John
- ORCID
- Stahl, Eli A.
- Breen, Gerome
- Forstner, Andreas J.
- McQuillin, Andrew
- Ripke, Stephan
- Trubetskoy, Vassily
- Mattheisen, Manuel
- Wang, Yunpeng
- Coleman, Jonathan R. I.
- Gaspar, Héléna A.
- Steinberg, Stacy
- Pavlides, Jennifer M. Whitehead
- Trzaskowski, Maciej
- Byrne, Enda M.
- Pers, Tune H.
- Holmans, Peter A.
- Richards, Alexander L.
- Abbott, Liam
- Agerbo, Esben
- Akil, Huda
- Albani, Diego
- Als, Thomas D.
- Awasthi, Swapnil
- Barchas, Jack D.
- Bass, Nicholas
- Bauer, Michael
- Bergen, Sarah E.
- Pedersen, Carsten Bøcker
- Bøen, Erlend
- Boks, Marco P.
- Boocock, James
- Budde, Monika
- Bunney, William
- Burmeister, Margit
- Byerley, William
- Cerrato, Felecia
- Cervantes, Pablo
- Charney, Alexander W.
- Chen, Danfeng
- Clarke, Toni-Kim
- Coryell, William
- Craig, David W.
- Cruceanu, Cristiana
- Curtis, David
- Czerski, Piotr M.
- Dale, Anders M.
- Degenhardt, Franziska
- DePaulo, J. Raymond
- Djurovic, Srdjan
- Dobbyn, Amanda L.
- Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn
- Fan, Chun Chieh
- Fischer, Sascha B.
- Flickinger, Matthew
- Foroud, Tatiana M.
- Forty, Liz
- Frank, Josef
- Fraser, Christine
- Freimer, Nelson B.
- Frisén, Louise
- Gade, Katrin
- Garnham, Julie
- Giambartolomei, Claudia
- Gordon, Scott D.
- Green, Elaine K.
- Green, Melissa J.
- Greenwood, Tiffany A.
- Grove, Jakob
- Guan, Weihua
- Hamshere, Marian L.
- Hautzinger, Martin
- Heilbronner, Urs
- Herms, Stefan
- Hoffmann, Per
- Holland, Dominic
- Huckins, Laura
- Jamain, Stéphane
- Johnson, Jessica S.
- Juréus, Anders
- Kandaswamy, Radhika
- Karlsson, Robert
- Kennedy, James L.
- Knowles, James A.
- Kogevinas, Manolis
- Koller, Anna C.
- Kupka, Ralph
- Lavebratt, Catharina
- Lawrence, Jacob
- Lawson, William B.
- Leber, Markus
- Lee, Phil H.
- Levy, Shawn E.
- Li, Jun Z.
- Liu, Chunyu
- Lucae, Susanne
- Maaser, Anna
- MacIntyre, Donald J.
- Mahon, Pamela B.
- Martinsson, Lina
- McInnis, Melvin G.
- McKay, James D.
- Medeiros, Helena
- Medland, Sarah E.
- Meng, Fan
- Milani, Lili
- Montgomery, Grant W.
- Morris, Derek W.
- Mühleisen, Thomas W.
- Mullins, Niamh
- Nguyen, Hoang
- Nievergelt, Caroline M.
- Adolfsson, Annelie Nordin
- Nwulia, Evaristus A.
- O’Donovan, Claire
- Loohuis, Loes M. Olde
- Ori, Anil P. S.
- Perlis, Roy H.
- Perry, Amy
- Pfennig, Andrea
- Potash, James B.
- Purcell, Shaun M.
- Regeer, Eline J.
- Reif, Andreas
- Reinbold, Céline S.
- Rice, John P.
- Rivera, Margarita
- Roussos, Panos
- Ruderfer, Douglas M.
- Ryu, Euijung
- Schatzberg, Alan F.
- Schork, Nicholas J.
- Shilling, Paul D.
- Slaney, Claire
- Smeland, Olav B.
- Sobell, Janet L.
- Steffens, Michael
- Streit, Fabian
- Strohmaier, Jana
- Szelinger, Szabolcs
- Thompson, Robert C.
- Thorgeirsson, Thorgeir E.
- Treutlein, Jens
- Vedder, Helmut
- Wang, Weiqing
- Watson, Stanley J.
- Weickert, Thomas W.
- Witt, Stephanie H.
- Xu, Wei
- Young, Allan H.
- Zandi, Peter
- Zhang, Peng
- Zöllner, Sebastian
- Adolfsson, Rolf
- Agartz, Ingrid
- Alda, Martin
- Backlund, Lena
- Baune, Bernhard T.
- Bellivier, Frank
- Berrettini, Wade H.
- Biernacka, Joanna M.
- Blackwood, Douglas H. R.
- Boehnke, Michael
- Børglum, Anders D.
- Corvin, Aiden
- Daly, Mark J.
- Dannlowski, Udo
- Esko, Tõnu
- Frye, Mark
- Fullerton, Janice M.
- Gershon, Elliot S.
- Gill, Michael
- Goes, Fernando
- Hauser, Joanna
- Hougaard, David M.
- Hultman, Christina M.
- Jones, Ian
- Jones, Lisa A.
- Kahn, René S.
- Kirov, George
- Landén, Mikael
- Leboyer, Marion
- Lewis, Cathryn M.
- Li, Qingqin S.
- Lissowska, Jolanta
- Martin, Nicholas G.
- McElroy, Susan L.
- McIntosh, Andrew M.
- McMahon, Francis J.
- Melle, Ingrid
- Metspalu, Andres
- Mitchell, Philip B.
- Morken, Gunnar
- Mors, Ole
- Mortensen, Preben Bo
- Myers, Richard M.
- Neale, Benjamin M.
- Nimgaonkar, Vishwajit
- Nordentoft, Merete
- Nöthen, Markus M.
- O’Donovan, Michael C.
- Oedegaard, Ketil J.
- Owen, Michael J.
- Paciga, Sara A.
- Pato, Carlos
- Pato, Michele T.
- Ribasés, Marta
- Rietschel, Marcella
- Rouleau, Guy A.
- Schalling, Martin
- Schofield, Peter R.
- Schulze, Thomas G.
- Serretti, Alessandro
- Smoller, Jordan W.
- Stordal, Eystein
- Sullivan, Patrick F.
- Turecki, Gustavo
- Vieta, Eduard
- Vincent, John B.
- Werge, Thomas
- Wray, Naomi R.
- Edenberg, Howard J.
- Cichon, Sven
- Ophoff, Roel A.
- Scott, Laura J.
- Andreassen, Ole A.
- Kelsoe, John
- Sklar, Pamela
- Venue
- Nature Genetics
- Published
- 2019-05
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 793-803
- ISSN
- 1061-4036 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1718
- PMC
- PMC6956732
- OpenAlex
- W2950375827
- Cited by
- 1,519
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 77 · 2025: 130 · 2024: 177 · 2023: 185 · 2022: 246 · 2021: 303 · 2020: 235 · 2019: 121 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 38.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- other-oa
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Genetics (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- UNSWorks (UNSW Sydney) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Worcester Research and Publications (University of Worcester) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- ScholarWorks @ UTRGV (The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley) (submittedVersion)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Institutional Repository of the University of Granada (University of Granada) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Open access LMU (Ludwid Maxmilian's Universitat Munchen) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship@McGill (McGill) (submittedVersion)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London) (submittedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (12,13, 81,82)
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (U01 MH109528, U01 MH094421, U01 MH085520)
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Pfizer
- World Health Organization
- Aarhus Universitet
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression (667302)
- Wellcome Trust (078901, 104036/Z/14/Z, 223273)
- Maudsley Charity
- Neuroscience Research Australia
- Broad Institute
- Michael Smith Health Research BC
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (96,97, NF-SI-0616-10091)
- King's College London
- European Commission (643051, 249711, 623932, 248778, 667302, PI15/00283)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Dan3/012/17, FOR 2107/ DA1151/5-1, TRR‐58, DA1151/5-1, FOR 2107, DA1151, 01ZX1314A/01ZX1614A, 667302, SFB TRR 58)
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (12,13)
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (FOR2107 DA1151/5-1, 01ZX1314A/01ZX1614A, 01ZX1614A, 01ZX1314A)
- Generalitat de Catalunya (2014SGR1357)
- Lundbeckfonden (R248‐2017‐2003)
- Stockholms Läns Landsting
- Vetenskapsrådet (U01-MH-109528)
- Norges Forskningsråd ((#217776, 223273, #249711, FOR2107, 248778, 2017-004, SFB-TRR58, DA1151/5-1)
- Universitat de Barcelona
- Università di Bologna
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- NSW Ministry of Health
- H. Lundbeck A/S
- Victoria General Hospital Foundation
- National Institutes of Health (223273, DA1151/5-1, SFB-TRR58, 2017-004, FOR2107)
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Medical Research Council (MR/L023784/2, G0801418, G1000708, MR/L010305/1, G0800509)
- National Health and Medical Research Council (568807, 630471, 1081603)
- European Regional Development Fund
- Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya
- National Institute of Mental Health (U01MH109514, MH094421, U01MH109528, U01MH085520, R00MH101367, SFB-TRR58, R01MH119243, U01MH109536, R01MH085542, DA 1151/5-1, U01MH094421, MH109528, MH085520, FOR2107, R01MH085548, R01MH104964, U01MH105578, R01MH123451)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- bipolar disorder, bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, genetic loci, genetic heterogeneity, ion channels, neurotransmitter transporters, synaptic genes, insulin secretion, endocannabinoid signaling, genetic correlation, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, psychosis, psychiatric genetics
- MeSH terms
- Bipolar Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia, Case-Control Studies, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Systems Biology, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genetic Loci
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