Chronic pain in multi-traumatized outpatients with a refugee background resettled in Norway: a cross-sectional study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Traumatized refugees often report significant levels of chronic pain in addition to posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and more information is needed to understand pain in refugees exposed to traumatic events. This study aimed to assess the frequency of chronic pain among refugee psychiatric outpatients, and to compare outpatients with and without chronic pain on trauma exposure, psychiatric morbidity, and psychiatric symptom severity. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of sixty-one psychiatric outpatients with a refugee background using structured clinical diagnostic interviews to assess for traumatic events [Life Events Checklist (LEC)], PTSD (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder) and complex PTSD [Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV PTSD Module (SCID-PTSD) and Structured Interview for Disorders of Extreme Stress (SIDES)], chronic pain (SIDES Scale VI) and psychiatric symptoms [M.I.N.I. International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.)]. Self-report measures were used to assess symptoms of posttraumatic stress [Impact of Event Scale-revised (IES-R)], depression and anxiety [Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-25)] and several markers of acculturation in Norway. RESULTS: Of the 61 outpatients included, all but one reported at least one chronic pain location, with a mean of 4.6 locations per patient. Chronic pain at clinical levels was present in 66% of the whole sample of outpatients, and in 88% of the outpatients with current PTSD diagnosis. The most prevalent chronic pain locations were head (80%), chest (74%), arms/legs (66%) and back (62%). Women had significantly more chronic pain locations than men. Comorbid PTSD and chronic pain were found in 57% of the outpatients. Significant differences were found between outpatients with and without chronic pain on posttraumatic stress, psychological distress, and DESNOS severity. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic pains are common in multi-traumatized refugees in outpatient clinics in Norway, and are positively related to symptomatology and severity of psychiatric morbidity. The presence of chronic pain, as well as comorbid chronic pain and PTSD, in psychiatric outpatients with a refugee background call for an integrated assessment and treatment for both conditions.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Among refugees with PTSD, prevalence rates of clinically relevant chronic pain ranged from 76% to 88%.
“Among refugees with PTSD, prevalence rates of clinically relevant chronic pain ranged from 76% [10] to 88% [11].”
From HELP@APP: Development and evaluation of a self-help app for traumatized Syrian refugees in Germany- A study protocol of a randomized controlled trial (2019) · cites this paper as [11]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369 · see citing works
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
(1998) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · Cited by 19,139 · see citing works
Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
(2018) · Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.5505/kpd · Cited by 13,703 · see citing works
(1998) · PubMed · Cited by 10,216 · see citing works
The mini international neuropsychiatric interview
Lecrubier, Y., Sheehan, D. V., Hergueta, T., & Weiller, E. (1998) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0924-9338(99)80239-9 · Cited by 5,882 · see citing works
Survey of chronic pain in Europe: Prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment
Breivik, H., Collett, B., Ventafridda, V., Cohen, R., & Gallacher, D. (2006) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2005.06.009 · Cited by 5,486 · see citing works
Waddell, G., Newton, M., Henderson, I., Somerville, D., & Main, C. J. (1993) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(93)90127-b · Cited by 3,167 · see citing works
The Impact of Event Scale: Revised
Weiss, D. S. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-70990-1_10 · Cited by 3,009 · see citing works
Complex PTSD: A syndrome in survivors of prolonged and repeated trauma
Herman, J. L. (1992) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.2490050305 · Cited by 2,609 · see citing works
Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD
(1997) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.34-5966 · Cited by 2,340 · see citing works
The fear-avoidance model of musculoskeletal pain: Current state of scientific evidence
Leeuw, M., Goossens, M. E. J. B., Linton, S. J., Crombez, G., Boersma, K., & Vlaeyen, J. W. S. (2007) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-006-9085-0 · Cited by 2,261 · see citing works
Stress and Health: Psychological, Behavioral, and Biological Determinants
Schneiderman, N., Ironson, G., & Siegel, S. D. (2005) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.144141 · Cited by 2,252 · see citing works
Psychometric properties of the Impact of Event Scale—Revised
Creamer, M., Bell, R., & Failla, S. (2003) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2003.07.010 · Cited by 1,947 · see citing works
Psychometric Properties of the Life Events Checklist
Gray, M. J., Litz, B., Hsu, J. L., & Lombardo, T. W. (2004) · Assessment (Odessa, Fla.) · doi:10.1177/1073191104269954 · Cited by 1,853 · see citing works
Assessing Psychological Trauma and PTSD
Allden, K. (1998) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199807000-00018 · Cited by 1,709 · see citing works
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.27-6366 · Cited by 1,627 · see citing works
Gender variations in clinical pain experience
Unruh, A. M. (1996) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(95)00214-6 · Cited by 1,550 · see citing works
Behavioral/cognitive conceptualizations of post-traumatic stress disorder
Foa, E. B., Steketee, G., & Rothbaum, B. O. (1989) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(89)80067-x · Cited by 1,518 · see citing works
Adjusting for multiple testing when reporting research results: the Bonferroni vs Holm methods.
Aickin, M., & Gensler, H. (1996) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.86.5.726 · Cited by 1,346 · see citing works
Henry, C., Raust, A., Isabelle, R., Germain, A., Bellivier, F., & Wiley, J. (2006) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/(issn)1573-6598 · Cited by 1,209 · see citing works
Tsang, A., Von Korff, M., Lee, S., Alonso, J., Karam, E., Angermeyer, M. C., Borges, G. L. G., Bromet, E. J., de Girolamo, G., de Graaf, R., et al. (2008) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2008.05.005 · Cited by 1,157 · see citing works
The Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL)
Derogatis, L. R., Lipman, R. S., Rickels, K., UHLENHUTH, E. H., & Covi, L. (2015) · Modern problems of pharmacopsychiatry/Modern trends in pharmacopsychiatry · doi:10.1159/000395070 · Cited by 895 · see citing works
Chronic pain and posttraumatic stress disorder: Mutual maintenance?
Sharp, T. J., & Harvey, A. G. (2001) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(00)00071-4 · Cited by 779 · see citing works
(1987) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.144.4.497 · Cited by 712 · see citing works
Asmundson, G. J., Coons, M. J., Taylor, S., & Katz, J. (2002) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370204701004 · Cited by 695 · see citing works
Steel, Z., Silove, D. M., Phan, T. D., & Bauman, A. E. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11142-1 · Cited by 598 · see citing works
Mental Health of Immigrants and Refugees
Pumariega, A. J., Rothe, E., & Pumariega, J. B. (2005) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-005-6363-1 · Cited by 584 · see citing works
The Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL)
Lipman, R. S., Covi, L., & Shapiro, A. K. (1979) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/0165-0327(79)90021-1 · Cited by 559 · see citing works
Johnson, H., & Thompson, A. (2008) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.01.017 · Cited by 530 · see citing works
Development of a criteria set and a structured interview for disorders of extreme stress (SIDES)
Pelcovitz, D., van der Kolk, B. A., Roth, S., Mandel, F. S., Kaplan, S. J., & Resick, P. A. (1997) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1023/a:1024800212070 · Cited by 507 · see citing works
The cross-cultural validity of posttraumatic stress disorder: implications for DSM-5
Hinton, D. E., & Lewis‐Fernández, R. (2010) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20753 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Gerritsen, A. A. M., Bramsen, I., Devillé, W. L. J. M., van Willigen, L. H. M., Hovens, J. E. J. M., & van der Ploeg, H. M. (2005) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-005-0003-5 · Cited by 444 · see citing works
Chronic posttraumatic stress disorder and chronic pain in Vietnam combat veterans
Beckham, J. C., Crawford, A. L., Feldman, M. E., Kirby, A. C., Hertzberg, M. A., Davidson, J. R. T., & Moore, S. D. (1997) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(97)00129-3 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
(2008) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781412963978.n256 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
The epidemiology of pain in depression
Lépine, J., & Briley, M. (2004) · Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.618 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Somali and Oromo Refugees: Correlates of Torture and Trauma History
Jaranson, J. M., Butcher, J. N., Halcón, L. L., Johnson, D. R., Robertson, C. L., Savik, K., Spring, M., & Westermeyer, J. J. (2004) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.94.4.591 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Pain in the aftermath of trauma is a risk factor for post-traumatic stress disorder
Norman, S. B., Stein, M. B., Dimsdale, J. E., & Hoyt, D. B. (2007) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291707001389 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Ferrada‐Noli, M., Åsberg, M., Ormstad, K., Lundin, T., & Sundbom, E. (1998) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1023/a:1024461216994 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Defrin, R., Ginzburg, K., Solomon, Z., Polad, E., Bloch, M., Govezensky, M., & Schreiber, S. (2008) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2008.05.006 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Pain and post traumatic stress disorder - review of clinical and experimental evidence
Moeller-Bertram, T., Keltner, J., & Strigo, I. A. (2012) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.04.028 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Lavik, N. J., Hauff, E., Skrondal, A., & Solberg, Ø. (1996) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.169.6.726 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Self-citationTrauma, PTSD, and physical health: An epidemiological study of Australian Vietnam veterans
O’Toole, B. I., & Catts, S. V. (2007) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.07.006 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Carlson, E. B., & Rosser‐Hogan, R. (1994) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1007/bf02111911 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Specific characteristics of the pain/depression association in the general population.
Ohayon, M. M. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Amending the fear-avoidance model of chronci pain: What is the role of physiological arousal?
Norton, P. J., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2003) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(03)80019-9 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Support for the mutual maintenance of pain and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms
Liedl, A., O'Donnell, M. L., Creamer, M., Silove, D. M., McFARLANE, A. C., Knaevelsrud, C., & Bryant, R. A. (2009) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291709991310 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
War‐related trauma and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder among adult Kosovar refugees
Ai, A. L., Peterson, C., & Ubelhor, D. (2002) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1023/a:1014864225889 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Jenewein, J., Wittmann, L., Moergeli, H., Creutzig, J., & Schnyder, U. (2009) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20453 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Carlsson, J. M., Mortensen, E. L., & Kastrup, M. C. (2005) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000180739.79884.10 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
A different kind of comorbidity: Understanding posttraumatic stress disorder and chronic pain.
Beck, J. G., & Clapp, J. D. (2011) · Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy · doi:10.1037/a0021263 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Torture and its sequel—a comparison between victims from six countries
Moisander, P. A., & Edston, E. (2003) · Forensic Science International · doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2003.07.008 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Gender differences in the experience of headache
Celentano, D. D., Linet, M. S., & Stewart, W. F. (1990) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(90)90309-g · Cited by 114 · see citing works
van Ommeren, M., Sharma, B., Sharma, G., Komproe, I. H., Cardeña, E., & de Jong, J. T. V. M. (2002) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1023/a:1020141510005 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Mordal, J., Gundersen, Ø. H., & Bramness, J. G. (2009) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.02.004 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Mental health among torture survivors: cultural background, refugee status and gender
Schubert, C. C., & Punamäki, R. (2010) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/08039488.2010.514943 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Roth, G., Ekblad, S., & Ågren, H. (2006) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2005.11.004 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Cambodian Refugees in New Zealand
Cheung, P. (1994) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/002076409404000102 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
THE MENTAL HEALTH OF WAR-WOUNDED REFUGEES: AN 8-YEAR FOLLOW-UP
Hermansson, A., Timpka, T., & Thyberg, M. (2002) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-200206000-00005 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Baker, D. G., Mendenhall, C. L., Simbartl, L. A., Magan, L. K., & Steinberg, J. L. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Lavik, E. H. N. J. (1999) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/080394899426666 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Persistent Pain in Survivors of Torture: A Cohort Study
Williams, A. C. D. C., Peña, C. R., & Rice, A. S. C. (2010) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2010.02.018 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Psychosocial Functioning after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Bryant, R. A., Marosszeky, J. E., CROOKS, J., Baguley, I. J., & Gurka, J. A. (2001) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-200102000-00006 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Villano, C. L., Rosenblum, A., Magura, S., Fong, C., Cleland, C., & Betzler, T. F. (2007) · The Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development · doi:10.1682/jrrd.2006.05.0052 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Chronic pain in torture survivors
Thomsen, A. B., Eriksen, J., & Smidt‐Nielsen, K. (2000) · Forensic Science International · doi:10.1016/s0379-0738(99)00209-1 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Renner, W., & Salem, I. (2009) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764008092341 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Chronic pain and PTSD: the Perpetual Avoidance Model and its treatment implications.
Liedl, A., & Knaevelsrud, C. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Olsen, D. R., Montgomery, E., Bøjholm, S., & Foldspang, A. (2006) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638280600747645 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in chronic pain patients
Sharp, T. J. (2004) · Current Pain and Headache Reports · doi:10.1007/s11916-004-0024-x · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Baker, D. G. (1997) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1997.00440390062009 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Halvorsen, J. Ø., & Stenmark, H. I. (2010) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2010.00821.x · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Measuring Trauma and Health Status in Refugees: A Critical Review
Hollifield, M., Warner, T. D., Lian, N., Krakow, B., Jenkins, J. H., Kesler, J., Stevenson, J., & Westermeyer, J. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.5.611 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Late Mental Health Changes in Tortured Refugees in Multidisciplinary Treatment
Carlsson, J. M., Olsen, D. R., Kastrup, M. C., & Mortensen, E. L. (2010) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e3181f97be3 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, and Somatic Symptoms in U.S. Mien Patients
Moore, L. J., & Boehnlein, J. K. (1991) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199112000-00003 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Chronic Pain in Torture Victims
Carinci, A. J., Mehta, P., & Christo, P. J. (2010) · Current Pain and Headache Reports · doi:10.1007/s11916-010-0101-2 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
The Oslo Immigrant Health Profile
Kumar, B. N., Grøtvedt, L., Meyer, H. E., Søgaard, A. J., & Strand, B. H. (2008) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Jamil, H. J., Nassar‐McMillan, S. C., Lambert, R. G., Wang, Y., Ager, J. W., & Arnetz, B. B. (2010) · Medicine Conflict & Survival · doi:10.1080/13623699.2010.513655 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Schauer, M. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-097086-8.21058-1 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Taylor, B. H., Carswell, K., & Williams, A. C. D. C. (2013) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2012.10.281 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Posttraumatic stress symptom clusters associations with psychopathology and functional impairment
Heir, T., Piatigorsky, A., & Weisæth, L. (2010) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.06.020 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationDunn, A. S., Julian, T., Formolo, L. R., Green, B. N., & Chicoine, D. R. (2011) · The Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development · doi:10.1682/jrrd.2010.05.0104 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Determinants of pain expression in hospitalized burn patients
Difede, J., Jaffe, A. B., Musngi, G., Perry, S. W., & Yurt, R. W. (1997) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(97)00045-6 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Taloyan, M., Sundquist, J., & Al‐Windi, A. (2008) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039480801984263 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Andersen, T. E., Andersen, P. G., Vakkala, M. A., & Elklit, A. (2012) · Scandinavian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.sjpain.2011.10.001 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Palić, S., & Elklit, A. (2014) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000079 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Iraqi Gulf War Veteran Refugees in the U.S.
Jamil, H. J., Nassar‐McMillan, S. C., Salman, W. A., Tahar, M., & Jamil, L. H. (2006) · Social Work in Health Care · doi:10.1300/j010v43n04_06 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Hjellset, V. T., Ihlebæk, C., Bjørge, B., Eriksen, H. R., & Høstmark, A. T. (2010) · Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health · doi:10.1007/s10903-010-9409-6 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Somatic diseases in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder.
Avdibegović, E., Delić, A., Hadzibeganovic, K., & Selimbašić, Z. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Prip, K., Persson, A. L., & Sjölund, B. H. (2010) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638288.2010.493597 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Ruwanpura, K. N. (2006) · Asian Population Studies · doi:10.1080/17441730600923125 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
(2006) · PubMed · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationSurvival with pain: An eight‐year follow‐up of war‐wounded refugees
Hermansson, A., Thyberg, M., Timpka, T., & Gerdle, B. U. C. (2001) · Medicine Conflict & Survival · doi:10.1080/13623690108409564 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Al-saffar, S., Borgå, P., Wicks, S., & Hällström, T. (2004) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039480410006043 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
[Occurrence and type of traumatic experiences among young Bosnian refugees in Denmark].
Elklit, A., Nørregaard, J., & Tibor, B. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Litvin, J. M. (2016) · doi:10.12794/metadc862735 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
4 of the 99 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- First, MB, Spitzer, RL, Gibbon, M, & Williams, JB. (1996). Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV Axis I Disorders – Patient Edition (SCIDI/P, version 2.0). New York: Biometrics Research Department New York State Psychiatric Institute.
- Taylor S Advances in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches 2004 New York Springer
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Syndemic vulnerability and the right to health
Willen, S. S., Knipper, M., Abadía‐Barrero, C. E., & Davidovitch, N. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30261-1 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Pain in persons who are marginalized by social conditions
Craig, K. D., Holmes, C., Hudspith, M., Moor, G., Moosa-Mitha, M., Varcoe, C., & Wallace, B. B. (2019) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001719 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Long-term mental health in unaccompanied refugee minors: pre- and post-flight predictors
Jensen, T. K., Skar, A. S., Andersson, E. S., & Birkeland, M. S. (2019) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-019-01340-6 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Rometsch-Ogioun El Sount, C., Windthorst, P., Denkinger, J., Ziser, K., Nikendei, C., Kindermann, D., Ringwald, J., Renner, V., Zipfel, S., & Junne, F. (2019) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.07.014 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Morina, N., Kuenburg, A., Schnyder, U., Bryant, R. A., Nickerson, A., & Schick, M. (2017) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnx005 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Andreas, J. B., Lauritzen, G., & Nordfjærn, T. (2015) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.05.001 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Refugees
Bryant, R. A., Nickerson, A., Morina, N., & Liddell, B. J. (2023) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-080921-080359 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Psychosocial predictors of treatment outcome for trauma-affected refugees
Sonne, C., Carlsson, J., Bech, P., Vindbjerg, E., Mortensen, E. L., & Elklit, A. (2016) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.3402/ejpt.v7.30907 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Brady, B., Veljanova, I., & Chipchase, L. S. (2015) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000412 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Böttche, M., Heeke, C., & Knaevelsrud, C. (2016) · Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz · doi:10.1007/s00103-016-2337-4 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Morina, N., Schnyder, U., Klaghofer, R., Müller, J., & Martin-Söelch, C. (2018) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-018-1680-4 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Golchert, J., Roehr, S., Berg, F., Grochtdreis, T., Hoffmann, R., Jung, F., Nagl, M., Plexnies, A., Renner, A., König, H.-H., et al. (2019) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-019-2110-y · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Strømme, E. M., Igland, J., Haj-Younes, J., Kumar, B. N., Fadnes, L. T., Hasha, W., & Díaz, E. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046454 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Psychische Symptombelastung bei Asylsuchenden in Abhängigkeit vom Aufenthaltsstatus
Winkler, J., Brandl, E. J., Bretz, H. J., Heinz, A., & Schouler‐Ocak, M. (2018) · Psychiatrische Praxis · doi:10.1055/a-0806-3568 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Altun, A., Brown, H. L., Sturgiss, E. A., & Russell, G. M. (2021) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2021.08.021 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Nissen, A., Hynek, K. A., Scales, D. A., Hilden, P. K., & Straiton, M. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04200-x · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Borho, A., Morawa, E., Schmitt, G. M., & Erim, Y. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10731-x · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Spiller, T. R., Schick, M., Schnyder, U., Bryant, R., Nickerson, A., & Morina, N. (2016) · Swiss Medical Weekly · doi:10.4414/smw.2016.14311 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Opaas, M., Wentzel‐Larsen, T., & Varvin, S. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0244730 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationKashyap, S., Page, A. C., & Joscelyne, A. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.047 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Nordin, L., & Perrin, S. G. (2019) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.1415 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Pain from torture: assessment and management
Amris, K., Jones, L. E., & Williams, A. C. D. C. (2019) · PAIN Reports · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000000794 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Tsur, N. (2020) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260520944529 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Risk factors associated with posttraumatic stress disorder in US veterans: A cohort study
Müller, J., Ganeshamoorthy, S., & MYERS, J. N. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0181647 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Nyboe, L., Bentholm, A., & Gyllensten, A. L. (2016) · Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2016.08.003 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Review of childhood pain highlights the role of negative stress
Alfvén, G., Grillner, S. E., & Andersson, E. A. (2019) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.14884 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Altun, A., Soh, S., Brown, H. L., & Russell, G. M. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-13226-5 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Tsetseri, M.-N., Keene, D. J., Silman, A. J., & Dakin, S. G. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-17542-2 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Psychiatric nursing care experiences of immigrant patients: A Focused ethnographic study
Kallakorpi, S., Haatainen, K. M., & Kankkunen, P. (2018) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/inm.12500 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Hasha, W., Igland, J., Fadnes, L. T., Kumar, B. N., Haj-Younes, J., Strømme, E. M., Norstein, E. Z., Vårdal, R., & Díaz, E. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17249468 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Grimm, T., Georgiadou, E., Silbermann, A., Junker, K., Nißlbeck, W., & Erim, Y. (2017) · PPmP - Psychotherapie · Psychosomatik · Medizinische Psychologie · doi:10.1055/s-0043-100096 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Improving the assessment and treatment of pain in torture survivors
Williams, A. C. D. C., & Hughes, J. H. (2020) · BJA Education · doi:10.1016/j.bjae.2019.12.003 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Lies, J., Jones, L. E., & Ho, R. (2019) · BJPsych Advances · doi:10.1192/bja.2019.7 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Hasha, W., Igland, J., Fadnes, L. T., Kumar, B. N., Heltne, U. M., & Díaz, E. (2022) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-022-00557-4 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Röhr, S., Wittmann, F., Jung, F. U. C. E., Hoffmann, R., Renner, A., Dams, J., Grochtdreis, T., Kersting, A., König, H., & Riedel-Heller, S. G. (2019) · PPmP - Psychotherapie · Psychosomatik · Medizinische Psychologie · doi:10.1055/a-1030-4570 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Nordbrandt, M. S., Vindbjerg, E., Mortensen, E. L., & Carlsson, J. M. (2022) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22839 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Identifying Needs, Vulnerabilities and Resources in Refugee Persons and Groups
Wenzel, T., Völkl-Kernstock, S., Wittek, T. U., & Baron, D. A. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-72914-5_4 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Søegaard, E. G. I., Kan, Z., Koirala, R., Hauff, E., & Thapa, S. B. (2020) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039488.2020.1714724 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationCollins, C., Pericin, I., Larkin, J., & Díaz, E. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-13610-1 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Hasha, W., Fadnes, L. T., Igland, J., Vårdal, R., Giusti, L. M., Strømme, E. M., Haj-Younes, J., Heltne, U. M., Kumar, B. N., & Díaz, E. (2019) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-019-3919-x · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Torture-survivors’ experiences of healthcare services for pain: a qualitative study
Daniel Board, Childs, S., & Boulton, R. (2020) · British Journal of Pain · doi:10.1177/2049463720952495 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Headache comorbidity in refugees and migrants with post-traumatic stress disorder
Westergaard, M. L., Jensen, R., & Carlsson, J. M. (2023) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1177/03331024221147502 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Mirza, M. P., Trimboli, C., Hartman, J., Gamble, A., Rfat, M., Bentley, J. A., Gross, M., AlHeresh, R. A., Hussein, Q., & Markos, T. (2024) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2024.05.002 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Chronic pain during 60 days of war: the impact of the Russian war on Ukrainian patients
Dmytrіiev, D., & Garland, E. L. (2024) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s10389-024-02243-w · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Demirtaş, Z., Arslantaş, D., Ünsal, A., Çalışkan, F., & İnan, F. (2024) · BMC Women s Health · doi:10.1186/s12905-024-03348-w · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Standnes, M. B., Haukenes, I., Lunde, A., & Díaz, E. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-20266-6 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The Psychological Impact Among Syrian Refugees in Host Countries
Al-Hourani, D., Al-Wriekat, M., Llamas‐Ramos, R., & Llamas‐Ramos, I. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13050488 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Ayub, S. S., Marsh, V., & Reed, S. (2020) · Journal of the National Medical Association · doi:10.1016/j.jnma.2020.06.013 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Supporting asylum seekers and refugees who suffer chronic pain: an experience
Negron, A. (2017) · International Journal of Migration Health and Social Care · doi:10.1108/ijmhsc-02-2016-0011 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Knappe, F., Filippou, K., Hatzigeorgiadis, A., Morres, I. D., Ludyga, S., Seelig, H., Tzormpatzakis, E., Havas, E., Theodorakis, Y., von Känel, R., et al. (2024) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-024-03601-x · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Torture and Sequels to Persecution: A Global Challenge
Wenzel, T., Ekblad, S., Kastrup, M. C., & Musisi, S. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-70554-5_25 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Dibaj, I. S., Halvorsen, J. Ø., Kennair, L. E. O., & Stenmark, H. I. (2020) · Torture Journal · doi:10.7146/torture.v30i2.119788 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Gammoh, O., Aljabali, A. A. A., & Tambuwala, M. M. (2024) · Rheumatology International · doi:10.1007/s00296-023-05521-0 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Jung, H., Lee, D.-H., & Lee, D. (2021) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.3046 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Imanpour, S., & McMaughan, D. J. (2025) · Pain Management Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2024.12.019 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Gammoh, O., Alameri, M. A., Shilbayeh, S. A. R., Aljabali, A. A. A., Aldossary, K. M., & AlRasheed, H. A. (2025) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/13591053251315890 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Sucaldito, A. D., Meh, H., Rhodes, S. D., & Daniel, S. S. (2024) · North Carolina Medical Journal · doi:10.18043/001c.118583 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Clinical Considerations in the Psychological Treatment of Refugees
Schick, M., Morina, N., Schnyder, U., & Maier, T. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-97046-2_14 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Medical Expenses of North Korean Defectors with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Noh, J., Lee, Y., Park, H., & Lee, S. H. (2019) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.30773/pi.2018.12.12 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Barriers to optimal chronic pain management in refugees: a scoping review
Bilney, E. V. M., Vasenius, M., Mitchell, J., Downing, J. D., François, P.-M., McCall, S. J., & Forget, P. (2026) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-026-26206-w · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Altun, A., Soh, S., Brown, H. L., & Russell, G. M. (2022) · Australian Journal of General Practice · doi:10.31128/ajgp-05-21-5975 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Talmon, A., Shilo, G., & Tsur, N. (2024) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.3441 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Chronic Pain within the Refugee Population: Evaluation and Treatment
Polatin, P. B. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-39982-5_33 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Stress and recurrent abdominal pain
Alfvén, G., & Andersson, E. A. (2023) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.16946 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Friis, J., Sandahl, H., Mortensen, E. L., Svendsen, K. B., Jennum, P., & Carlsson, J. M. (2024) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.14407 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Blaney, C., Sommer, J. L., Bilevicius, E., Mota, N. P., & El-Gabalawy, R. M. (2025) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.02.058 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Post-migration Social Determinants of Health in Asylum Seekers: A Retrospective Qualitative Study
Oren, T., Tham, S., Cheung, C., Milewski, A., & Kaur, G. (2025) · Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health · doi:10.1007/s10903-025-01763-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Como tela de araña: racionalización del tiempo escolar y colonización del trabajo docente
Vallinas, E. G. (1998) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mental Health of Adult Refugees
Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-34078-9_1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Im, H., George, N., & Swan, L. E. T. (2023) · Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health · doi:10.1007/s10903-023-01546-6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Kibet, J. J., Phillips, J., Latrous, M., Khalil, H. W., & Morris, L. D. (2024) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.2095 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Nigol, S. H., Donnchadha, S. Ó., Chikulin, C., Orr, C., Dhamala, B., Oldroyd, J. C., & Eeman, H. (2024) · Rural and Remote Health · doi:10.22605/rrh8025 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ahmed, A., Mohammed, A. H., Elrasheid, E., Mahmoud, M., Latrous, M., Allen, J., & Morris, L. D. (2024) · African Journal for Physical Activity and Health Sciences (AJPHES) · doi:10.37597/ajphes.2024.30.2.2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Verbesserung der Schmerzerfassung und -therapie bei Überlebenden einer Folter
Williams, A. C. D. C., & Hughes, J. H. (2021) · Der Schmerz · doi:10.1007/s00482-021-00606-w · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Greene, M. A., & Nasir, S. L. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-54441-6_137 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Chronic Pain as the Embodiment of Hardship: A Narrative Study
Peplinskie, K. (2016) · TSpace (University of Toronto) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Assessing psychosocial vulnerability in asylum-seeking and refugee populations
Gleeson, C. (2020) · Ulster University Research Portal (Ulster University) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Collins, C., Pericin, I., Larkin, J., & Díaz, E. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1481885/v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Joksimović, L., Karger, A., Kunzke, D., & Schröder, M. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-15741-8_16
Psychische Erkrankungen bei Geflüchteten
Winkler, J., Schouler‐Ocak, M., & Brandl, E. J. (2018) · NeuroTransmitter · doi:10.1007/s15016-018-6621-4
Greene, M. A., & Nasir, S. L. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0779-3_137-1
Nissen, A., Hynek, K. A., Scales, D. A., Hilden, P. K., & Straiton, M. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1646083/v1
Migrations et développement. Enjeux politiques
Breda, G., Vincent-Mory, C., & Thiollet, H. (2024) · Revue européenne de migrations internationales · doi:10.4000/remi.25124
Baligand, P. (2024) · Revue européenne de migrations internationales · doi:10.4000/remi.25604
Assessing the Long-Term Health Impact and Evolving Needs of the Zaatari Refugee Camp Population
Daabiss, M. A. (2024) · Anaesthesia & Critical Care Medicine Journal · doi:10.23880/accmj-16000240
Incagli, C., Sommer, N., Durieux‐Paillard, S., Aréchaga, E. P. R., & Reyre, A. (2024) · EXPLORE · doi:10.1016/j.explore.2024.103072
Figueiredo, S. (2025) · Migration and Development · doi:10.1177/21632324251342632
Clinical States of Pain (Taxonomy)
Hooten, W. M., D'Souza, R. S., & Nelson, A. M. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-88357-6_3
Traumatic Symptoms Among Syrian Refugees in Host Countries: A Comparative Study of Jordan and Spain
Al-Hourani, D., Al-Wriekat, M., Llamas‐Ramos, R., & Llamas‐Ramos, I. (2025) · Societies · doi:10.3390/soc15110295
Nissen, A., Hynek, K. A., Scales, D., Hilden, P. K., & Straiton, M. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20624938
Tsetseri, M.-N., Keene, D. J., Silman, A. J., & Dakin, S. G. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25397718
Hasha, W., Igland, J., Fadnes, L. T., Kumar, B. N., Heltne, U. M., & Diaz, E. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21019297
Tsetseri, M.-N., Keene, D. J., Silman, A. J., & Dakin, S. G. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25397442
Knappe, F., Filippou, K., Hatzigeorgiadis, A., Μωρρές, Ι., Ludyga, S., Seelig, H., Tzormpatzakis, E., Havas, E., Theodorakis, Y., von Känel, R., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.27012367
Nissen, A., Hynek, K. A., Scales, D., Hilden, P. K., & Straiton, M. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20624932
Nissen, A., Hynek, K. A., Scales, D., Hilden, P. K., & Straiton, M. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20624929
Altun, A., Soh, S.-E., Brown, H. L., & Russell, G. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19728449
Borho, A., Morawa, E., Schmitt, G. M., & Erim, Y. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14576678
- Authors
- Teodorescu, D.-S., Heir, T., Siqveland, J., Hauff, E., Wentzel-Larsen, T., & Lien, L.
- Affiliations
- Innlandet Hospital Trust (NO)
- University of Oslo (NO)
- Oslo University Hospital (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Teodorescu, Dinu-Stefan
- Venue
- BMC Psychology
- Published
- 2015-03-15
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 7-7
- ISSN
- 2050-7283 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4369066
- OpenAlex
- W1965272223
- Cited by
- 105
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 9.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMC Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Høgskolen i Hedmark
- Sykehuset Innlandet HF
- Helse Sør-Øst RHF
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Keywords
- chronic pain, refugees, post-traumatic stress disorder, complex PTSD, trauma exposure, psychiatric outpatients, comorbidities, acculturation, DESNOS, depression, anxiety, gender differences, resettled refugees
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
