The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Mental health and the built environment: Cross – sectional survey of individual and contextual risk factors for depression
Open accessAbstract
Background: Little is known about the effects of the physical environment on individual health. Aims: The present study tested the hypothesis that the prevalence of depression is associated with independently rated measures of the built environment, after adjusting for individuals' socio-economic status and the internal characteristics of their dwellings. Method: Cross-sectional survey of 1887 individuals aged 16 years and over in two electoral wards in north London. Depression was ascertained using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES–D). The built environment was rated independently, using a validated measure. Results: After adjusting for socio-economic status, floor of residence and structural housing problems, statistically significant associations were found between the prevalence of depression and living in housing areas characterised by properties with predominantly deck access (odds ratio=1.28, 95% Cl 1.03–1.58; P=0.02) and of recent (post-1969) construction (odds ratio=l.43, 95% Cl 1.06–1.91; P=0.02). Conclusions: The prevalence of depression was associated with independently rated features of the built environment, independent of individuals' socio-economic status and internal characteristics of dwellings.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267
Neighborhoods and Violent Crime: A Multilevel Study of Collective Efficacy
Sampson, R. J., Raudenbush, S. W., & Earls, F. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.277.5328.918 · Cited by 11,999
Huber, P. J. (1981) · Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics · doi:10.1002/0471725250 · Cited by 7,066
(1994) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.151.7.979 · Cited by 1,485
BEEKMAN, A. T. F., DEEG, D. J. H., VAN LIMBEEK, J., BRAAM, A. W., DE VRIES, M. Z., & VAN TILBURG, W. (1997) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291796003510 · Cited by 1,115
The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale: its use in a community sample
(1983) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.140.1.41 · Cited by 804
"Broken windows" and the risk of gonorrhea
(2000) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.90.2.230 · Cited by 513
PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSION IN LOS ANGELES COUNTY1
FRERICHS, R. R., ANESHENSEL, C. S., & CLARK, V. A. (1981) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113149 · Cited by 456
The physical environment of street crime: Defensible space, territoriality and incivilities
Perkins, D. D., Wandersman, A., Rich, R. C., & Taylor, R. B. (1993) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0272-4944(05)80213-0 · Cited by 345
'Beyond Four Walls'. The Psycho-social Benefits of Home: Evidence from West Central Scotland
Kearns, A., Hiscock, R., Ellaway, A., & MaCintyre, S. (2000) · Housing Studies · doi:10.1080/02673030050009249 · Cited by 270
Cited by
Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis: Objectives and Design
Bild, D. E. (2002) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwf113 · Cited by 3,942
Diez Roux, A. V., & Mair, C. (2010) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05333.x · Cited by 2,774
The Built Environment and Mental Health
Evans, G. W. (2003) · Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · doi:10.1093/jurban/jtg063 · Cited by 1,374
Gascon, M., Triguero-Mas, M., Martínez, D., Dadvand, P., Forns, J., Plasència, A., & Nieuwenhuijsen, M. (2015) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph120404354 · Cited by 1,171
Fancourt, D., Steptoe, A., & Bu, F. (2021) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30482-x · Cited by 1,161
Metadata
- Authors
- Weich, S., Blanchard, M., Prince, M., Burton, E., Erens, B., & Sproston, K.
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2002-05
- Volume
- 180
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 428-433
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2109286669
- Cited by
- 334
- References
- 21
- FWCI
- 12.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Mental health and the built environment: Cross – sectional survey of individual and contextual risk factors for depression. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1192/bjp.180.5.428
- The paper
- Weich, S., Blanchard, M., Prince, M., Burton, E., Erens, B., & Sproston, K. (2002). Mental health and the built environment: Cross – sectional survey of individual and contextual risk factors for depression. British Journal of Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.180.5.428
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
