Role of self-focussed reappraisal of negative emotion in emergence of emotional symptoms in adolescent girls
Open accessAbstract
Background: Adolescent subthreshold emotional symptoms arise from impaired self-referential information-processing and approach–avoidance behaviour network integration, which compromises goal evaluation and pursuit strategies. Aims: We investigated whether impairment of negative emotion (goal) reappraisal strategies (self-focussing and self-distancing) generates emotional symptoms (emotional disorders precursors). Method: Using functional magnetic resonance imaging and a triple-network model (default mode, executive control and salience), functional connectivity differences within and between networks, and their modulation by task and relationships with emotional symptoms were determined in healthy adolescent girls (N = 202) grouped by presence or absence of emotional symptoms. Results: The groups differed in spectral power distribution and in dorsal default mode network and right executive control network modulation when self-focussing and self-distancing, respectively. Girls without emotional symptoms had greater spectral power and less network modulation. Greater spectral power was associated with reduced emotional symptoms and less dorsal default mode network modulation when self-focussing. Conclusions: The early phases of anxiety and depressive disorders in adolescence are marked by emotional symptoms that usually emerge in the context of negative life events. To contend with the negative effect of such events, a typical reappraisal strategy is to distance oneself and switch the focus of one's thinking. This brain-imaging study in adolescent girls prone to the development of emotional disorders has found functional changes in key neural networks that are involved in reappraisal and shown that this process is impaired. This is important because it provides an early indication of these common disorders and a potential target for psychological interventions.
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Laboratory-based experimental studies with children and adolescents indicate that adopting a decentered perspective dampens emotional reactivity towards aversive stimuli, as shown by decreased negative affect, reduced believability of inner events, lower aggressive behaviors, and shorter emotional episodes.
“First, laboratory-based experimental studies with children and adolescents indicate that adopting a decentered perspective (e.g. instructions to adopt a third-person perspective or re-perceive events ‘as if watching themselves in a movie’) dampens emotional reactivity towards aversive stimuli.”
From Decentering as a core component in the psychological treatment and prevention of youth anxiety and depression: a narrative review and insight report (2021) · cites this paper as [58]
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- Authors
- Malhi, G. S., Das, P., Outhred, T., Bryant, R. A., & Calhoun, V.
- Affiliations
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Mind Research Network (US)
- Corresponding author
- Malhi, Gin S.
- Venue
- The British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2020-03-30
- Volume
- 217
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 383-389
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W3013003885
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 0.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of New South Wales
- University of Sydney
- Medical Research Council
- National Health and Medical Research Council (1073041)
- Sydney Medical School
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- emotion regulation, self-distancing, negative emotions, emotional symptoms, adolescent girls, default mode network, frontoparietal network, salience network, functional connectivity, anxiety, depression, neural network modulation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Anxiety, Brain, Brain Mapping, Child, Cognition, Depression, Emotions, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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