Quick recovery of orientation after magnetic seizure therapy for major depressive disorder
Open accessAbstract
Background: Magnetic seizure therapy, in which seizures are elicited with a high-frequency magnetic field, is under development as a new treatment for major depressive disorder. Its use may be justified if it produces the antidepressant effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), coupled with limited cognitive side-effects. Aims: To evaluate the usefulness of a new 100 Hz magnetic seizure therapy device. Method: We induced seizures with 100 Hz magnetic transcranial stimulation in 11 patients with major depressive disorder during one session of a regular course of ECT. Recovery times after seizures induced by magnetic seizure therapy and ECT were compared. Results: Seizures could be elicited in 10 of the 11 patients. Stimulation over the vertex produced tonic-clonic activity on 9 out of 11 occasions. Stimulation over the prefrontal midpoint elicited seizures on 3 out of 7 occasions. The mean duration of magnetically induced seizures was 31.3s, ranging from 10 to 86s. All patients had an exceptionally quick recovery of orientation: mean of 7 min 12s (s.d.=2 min 7 s, range 4 min 20s to 9 min 41 s). The recovery times were on average 15 min 35s shorter with magnetic seizure therapy than with ECT in the same patients (paired-samples t-test: P<0.0001). Patients reported feeling less confused after magnetic seizure therapy. Side-effects were confined to myoclonic movements, associated with the use of etomidate. Conclusions: The new 100Hz magnetic stimulator elicits seizures in the majority of patients when administered over the vertex. Magnetic seizure therapy was associated with shorter recovery times and less confusion following treatment. Subsequent work will be required to assess the safety and effectiveness of magnetic seizure therapy in the treatment of depression.
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This study's findings matched multiple earlier studies that found quicker reorientation with MST than ECT.
“Our findings were consistent with multiple previous studies that found quicker time to reorientation with MST relative to ECT. 23,26,47”
From Magnetic seizure therapy is efficacious and well tolerated for treatment-resistant bipolar depression: An open-label clinical trial (2020) · cites this paper as [47]
Reported reorientation times after ECT are 26 minutes 35 seconds, 18 minutes 26 seconds, and 8 minutes 21 seconds.
“Time to reorientation following ECT has been reported to be 26 minutes 35 seconds, 47 18 minutes 26 and 8 minutes 21 seconds.23”
From Magnetic seizure therapy is efficacious and well tolerated for treatment-resistant bipolar depression: An open-label clinical trial (2020) · cites this paper as [47]
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Cusin, C., Soskin, D. P., & Dougherty, D. D. (2012) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.10.4.442 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Praxis der Elektrokonvulsionstherapie
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The Role of Nonpharmacological Interventions in Treatment‐resistant Depression
Schlaepfer, T. E., & Kayser, S. (2013) · doi:10.1002/9781118556719.ch7 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Safety of MST in clinical application: a systematic review of randomized controlled studies
Cheng, J., Lin, Z., Liu, Z., & Han, D. (2025) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1539008 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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(2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379422.bm01
Chapter 9. Cognitive Effects of ECT
(2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379422.lg09
Chapter 4. The Pre-ECT Medical Workup
(2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379422.lg04
Chapter 2. Patient Selection for ECT
(2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379422.lg02
Chapter 3. Patient Education and Informed Consent for ECT
(2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379422.lg03
Chapter 1. Introduction to ECT
(2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379422.lg01
Chapter 10. ECT Versus Other Neuropsychiatric Treatments
(2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379422.lg10
Chapter 6. ECT Technique, Part I: Managing the Individual Treatment
(2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379422.lg06
(2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379422.index
(2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379422.lg05
- Authors
- Kirov, G., Ebmeier, K. P., Scott, A. I. F., Atkins, M., Khalid, N., Carrick, L., Stanfield, A., O'Carroll, R. E., Husain, M. M., & Lisanby, S. H.
- Affiliations
- Cardiff University (GB)
- Royal Edinburgh Hospital (GB)
- University Hospital of Wales (GB)
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ebmeier, Klaus P.
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2008-08
- Volume
- 193
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 152-155
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- PMC
- PMC2587356
- OpenAlex
- W2107703613
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 4.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Funders
- American Federation for Aging Research
- New York State Foundation for Science, Technology and Innovation
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- University of Cambridge
- National Institutes of Health (NIH-R01)
- Medical Research Council
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH060884, R01 MH60884)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- magnetic seizure therapy, major depressive disorder, transcranial magnetic stimulation, seizure induction, electroconvulsive therapy, cognitive side effects, myoclonic movements, etomidate
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Electroconvulsive Therapy, Electromagnetic Fields, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Orientation, Pilot Projects, Scotland, Seizures, Statistics as Topic, Wales, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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