Age-related grey matter volume correlates of response inhibition and shifting in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have difficulties with executive function and impulse control which may improve with age. AIMS: To map the brain correlates of executive function in ADHD and determine age-related changes in reaction times and brain volumes. METHOD: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and control groups were compared on the change task measures of response inhibition (stop signal reaction time, SSRT) and shifting (change response reaction time, CRRT). Voxel-wise magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) correlations of reaction times and grey matter volume were determined, along with bivariate correlations of reaction times, brain volumes and age. RESULTS: Individuals in the ADHD group had longer SSRTs and CRRTs. Anterior cingulate, striatal and medial temporal volumes highly correlated with SSRT. Striatal and cerebellar volumes strongly correlated with CRRT. Older children had faster reaction times and larger regional brain volumes. In controls, orbitofrontal, medial temporal and cerebellar volumes correlated with CRRT but not SSRT. Neither reaction times nor regional brain volumes were strongly age-dependent. CONCLUSIONS: Our evidence supports delayed brain maturation in ADHD and implies that some features of ADHD improve with age.
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McAlonan et al. reported an association between age-related growth in the anterior cingulate, striatum, and medial temporal cortex and improvements in response inhibition in school-age children with ADHD.
“McAlonan et al (McAlonan et al., 2009) reported an association between the magnitude of age-related growth in the anterior cingulate, striatum and medial temporal cortex, and improvements in neurocognitive measures of response inhibition in school-age children with ADHD.”
From The influences of environmental enrichment, cognitive enhancement, and physical exercise on brain development: Can we alter the developmental trajectory of ADHD? (2011) · cites this paper as McAlonan et al., 2009
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- Authors
- McAlonan, G. M., Cheung, V., Chua, S. E., Oosterlaan, J., Hung, S.-F., Tang, C.-P., Lee, C.-C., Kwong, S.-L., Ho, T.-P., Cheung, C., Suckling, J., & Leung, P. W. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Kwai Chung Hospital (CN)
- Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Corresponding author
- McAlonan, Grainne M.
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2009-02
- Volume
- 194
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 123-129
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2165571250
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 4.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, response inhibition, cognitive flexibility, executive function, gray matter volume, brain maturation, age-related changes, stop-signal reaction time, anterior cingulate cortex, striatum, cerebellum, medial temporal lobe, orbitofrontal cortex, children
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Cerebellum, Child, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Reaction Time, Case-Control Studies, Cerebrum
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