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Efficacy of cognitive–behavioural therapy and other psychological treatments for adult depression: meta-analytic study of publication bias

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Cuijpers, Pim, Smit, Filip, Bohlmeijer, Ernst, Hollon, Steven D., Andersson, Gerhard·2010·British Journal of Psychiatry

DOI 10.1192/bjp.bp.109.066001

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Abstract

Background: It is not clear whether the effects of cognitive–behavioural therapy and other psychotherapies have been overestimated because of publication bias. Aims: To examine indicators of publication bias in randomised controlled trials of psychotherapy for adult depression. Method: We examined effect sizes of 117 trials with 175 comparisons between psychotherapy and control conditions. As indicators of publication bias we examined funnel plots, calculated adjusted effect sizes after publication had been taken into account using Duval & Tweedie's procedure, and tested the symmetry of the funnel plots using the Begg & Mazumdar rank correlation test and Egger's test. Results: The mean effect size was 0.67, which was reduced after adjustment for publication bias to 0.42 (51 imputed studies). Both Begg & Mazumbar's test and Egger's test were highly significant (P<0.001). Conclusions: The effects of psychotherapy for adult depression seem to be overestimated considerably because of publication bias.

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Sterne, 2005, Publication Bias in Meta-analysis: Prevention, Assessment and Adjustment, 88
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“Previous studies of psychotherapy for depression have demonstrated that publication bias is evident in RCTs, and effect sizes have consequently been overstated (Cuijpers et al., 2010).”
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Authors: Cuijpers, P., Smit, F., Bohlmeijer, E., Hollon, S. D., & Andersson, G.
Affiliations: Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
Trimbos Institute (NL)
Vanderbilt University (US)
Linköping University (SE)
Corresponding author: Cuijpers, Pim
ORCID: Cuijpers, Pim
Smit, Filip
Bohlmeijer, Ernst
Hollon, Steven D.
Andersson, Gerhard
Venue: British Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
Published: 2010-03
Volume: 196
Issue: 3
Pages: 173-178
ISSN: 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
1472-1465
DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.109.066001
OpenAlex: W2156110385
Cited by: 391
References: 160
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 22
FWCI: 8.66
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 2864 d)
Locations: The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
University of Twente Research Information (publishedVersion)
University of Twente Research Information (submittedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords: publication bias, cognitive behavioral therapy, psychotherapy, adult depression, effect size overestimation, funnel plot asymmetry
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Child, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Research, Statistics as Topic, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Publication Bias

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Efficacy of cognitive–behavioural therapy and other psychological treatments for adult depression: meta-analytic study of publication bias

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