Mental well-being and mental illness: findings from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey for England 2007
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Background: Mental well-being underpins many aspects of health and social functioning, and is economically important. Aims: To describe mental well-being in a general population sample and to determine the extent to which mental well-being and mental illness are independent of one another. Method: Secondary analysis of a survey of 7293 adults in England. Nine survey questions were identified as possible indicators of mental well-being. Common mental disorders (ICD-10) were ascertained using the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R). Principal components analysis was used to describe the factor structure of mental well-being and to generate mental well-being indicators. Results: A two-factor solution found eight out of nine items with strong loadings on well-being. Eight items corresponding to hedonic and eudaemonic well-being accounted for 36.9% and 14.3% of total variance respectively. Separate hedonic and eudaemonic well-being scales were created. Hedonic well-being (full of life; having lots of energy) declined with age, while eudaemonic well-being (getting on well with family and friends; sense of belonging) rose steadily with age. Hedonic well-being was lower and eudaemonic well-being higher in women. Associations of well-being with age, gender, income and self-rated health were little altered by adjustment for symptoms of mental illness. Conclusions: In a large nationally representative population sample, two types of well-being were distinguished and reliably assessed: hedonic and eudaemonic. Associations with mental well-being were relatively independent of symptoms of mental illness. Mental well-being can remain even in the presence of mental suffering.
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Mental well-being and mental illness are related yet discernible phenomena.
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- Authors
- Weich, S., Brugha, T., King, M., McManus, S., Bebbington, P., Jenkins, R., Cooper, C., McBride, O., & Stewart-Brown, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Warwick (GB)
- University of Leicester (GB)
- University College London (GB)
- King's College London (GB)
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Weich, Scott
- ORCID
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2011-07
- Volume
- 199
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 23-28
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2141884978
- Cited by
- 153
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 8.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Leicester Research Archive (University of Leicester) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- psychological well-being, mental illness, hedonic well-being, eudaimonic well-being, common mental disorders, age differences, gender differences, income, self-rated health, Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey, well-being indicators
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Mental Disorders, England, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Happiness, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Morbidity, Personal Satisfaction, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Socioeconomic Factors, International Classification of Diseases, Young Adult
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