The Hierarchical Structure of Well‐Being

Gallagher, Matthew W.; Lopez, Shane J.; Preacher, Kristopher J.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00573.x

Cited by 588Psychological Well-being and Life SatisfactionPsychometric Methodologies and TestingAging and Gerontology Research

The Hierarchical Structure of Well‐Being

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Gallagher, Matthew W., Lopez, Shane J., Preacher, Kristopher J.·2009·Journal of Personality

DOI 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00573.xPMC PMC3865980

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Theories of hedonic, eudaimonic, and social well‐being provide 3 extensively studied models for explaining flourishing mental health. Few studies have examined whether these models can be integrated into a comprehensive structure of well‐being. The present study builds upon previous theoretical and empirical work to determine the complex relationships among these 3 models of well‐being. Confirmatory factor analysis techniques were used to test a series of models in order to (a) confirm the proposed latent structures of hedonic, eudaimonic, and social well‐being and (b) examine whether these models could be successfully integrated into a hierarchical structure of well‐being. In 2 large samples, results supported the proposed latent structures of hedonic, eudaimonic, and social well‐being and indicated that the various components of well‐being could be represented most parsimoniously with 3 oblique second‐order constructs of hedonic, eudaimonic, and social well‐being.

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The domains of subjective, psychological, and social well-being together represent positive mental health.
“increasing evidence suggests that the domains of subjective well-being, psychological well-being, and social well-being together represent positive mental health (Gallagher, Lopez, & Preacher, 2009; Keyes, 2005; Keyes & Annas, 2009; Keyes, Shmotkin, & Ryff, 2002).”
From Trajectories of change in well-being during cognitive behavioral therapies for anxiety disorders: Quantifying the impact and covariation with improvements in anxiety (2020) · cites this paper as Gallagher, Lopez, & Preacher, 2009
Past findings provide promising evidence that CBT promotes general increases in life satisfaction.
“These findings provide promising evidence that CBT promotes general increases in life satisfaction”
From Trajectories of change in well-being during cognitive behavioral therapies for anxiety disorders: Quantifying the impact and covariation with improvements in anxiety (2020) · cites this paper as Gallagher et al., 2009
The Discussion (Limitations and Future Directions; page unavailable) discusses the possibility of increasing well-being through intentional activity but says further research is needed to establish sustainable gains. The Methods (Measures; page unavailable) describes measuring life satisfaction. Neither passage addresses whether CBT increases life satisfaction; searches for CBT and treatment-related change found no such finding. (LLM, conf=0.78)
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Preacher 1 1
Gallagher, M. W., Lopez, S. J., & Kristopher, J. (2014)
Self-citation
Factor structure of mental well-being: Contributions of exploratory structural equation modeling
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Estrada, A. R. B. (2023) · Revista Intercontinental de Psicología y Educación
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Authors: Gallagher, M. W., Lopez, S. J., & Preacher, K. J.
Affiliations: University of Kansas (US)
Corresponding author: Gallagher, Matthew W.
ORCID: Gallagher, Matthew W.
Preacher, Kristopher J.
Venue: Journal of Personality
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2009-07
Volume: 77
Issue: 4
Pages: 1025-1050
ISSN: 0022-3506 (ISSN-L)
1467-6494
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00573.x
PMC: PMC3865980
OpenAlex: W2009481230
Cited by: 588
References: 46
Citations by year: 2026: 31 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 71 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 26
FWCI: 29.59
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Personality (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Aging (P01AG020166)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
Keywords: well-being, hedonic well-being, eudaimonic well-being, social well-being, second-order construct, eudaimonia, mental health, latent structure
MeSH terms: Adult, Female, Humans, Individuality, Male, Mental Health, Models, Psychological, Personal Satisfaction, Quality of Life, Self Concept, Social Behavior, Social Environment

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