Pursuit of muscularity in adolescent boys: relations among biopsychosocial variables and clinical outcomes
Abstract
Adolescent boys (n = 269) were assessed for levels of several risky behaviors related to the pursuit of muscularity, including substance use (anabolic steroids, prohormones, and ephedrine) dieting to gain weight, and symptoms of muscle dysmorphia (MD). The association between these behaviors and a variety of putative biological, psychological, and social risk factors were also evaluated. Concerning rates for lifetime use of steroids (2.6%), prohormones (4.5%), and ephedrine (6%) were found. Multiple regression analyses indicated that MD and sports participation significantly predicted substance use. Body dissatisfaction and body mass index were significant predictors of dieting to gain weight. Additionally, negative affect, media influence, and sports participation predicted symptoms of MD.
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After viewing fitspiration content, men are more likely to engage in excessive exercise and to take anabolic steroids with potential negative health outcomes.
“After viewing such content, men are more likely to engage in excessive exercise and to take anabolic steroids with potential negative health outcomes (Cafri et al., 2006; Horwitz et al., 2019; Mossman and Pacey, 2019; Tiggemann and Anderberg, 2020).”
From The degree to which the cultural ideal is internalized predicts judgments of male and female physical attractiveness (2022) · cites this paper as Cafri et al., 2006
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- Authors
- Cafri, G., van den Berg, P., & Thompson, J. K.
- Affiliations
- University of South Florida (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2006-05
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 283-291
- ISSN
- 1537-4416 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-4424
- OpenAlex
- W1964935543
- Cited by
- 157
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 11.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Doping in Sports
- Keywords
- muscularity, muscle dysmorphia, adolescent boys, anabolic steroids, prohormone, ephedrine, substance use, body dissatisfaction, body mass index, sports participation, media influence, negative affect, biopsychosocial risk factors, clinical outcomes
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Body Image, Diet, Doping in Sports, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Risk-Taking, Self Concept, Social Behavior, Sports, Body Mass Index, Substance-Related Disorders, Muscle Development
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