Cited by 1,950Estrogen and related hormone effectsInflammatory mediators and NSAID effectsMenopause: Health Impacts and Treatments

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 604 of the 604 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Complex Role of Estrogens in Inflammation

Straub, Rainer H.·2007·Endocrine Reviews

DOI 10.1210/er.2007-0001

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

There is still an unresolved paradox with respect to the immunomodulating role of estrogens. On one side, we recognize inhibition of bone resorption and suppression of inflammation in several animal models of chronic inflammatory diseases. On the other hand, we realize the immunosupportive role of estrogens in trauma/sepsis and the proinflammatory effects in some chronic autoimmune diseases in humans. This review examines possible causes for this paradox. This review delineates how the effects of estrogens are dependent on criteria such as: 1) the immune stimulus (foreign antigens or autoantigens) and subsequent antigen-specific immune responses (e.g., T cell inhibited by estrogens vs. activation of B cell); 2) the cell types involved during different phases of the disease; 3) the target organ with its specific microenvironment; 4) timing of 17β-estradiol administration in relation to the disease course (and the reproductive status of a woman); 5) the concentration of estrogens; 6) the variability in expression of estrogen receptor α and β depending on the microenvironment and the cell type; and 7) intracellular metabolism of estrogens leading to important biologically active metabolites with quite different anti- and proinflammatory function. Also mentioned are systemic supersystems such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, the sensory nervous system, and the sympathetic nervous system and how they are influenced by estrogens. This review reinforces the concept that estrogens have antiinflammatory but also proinflammatory roles depending on above-mentioned criteria. It also explains that a uniform concept as to the action of estrogens cannot be found for all inflammatory diseases due to the enormous variable responses of immune and repair systems.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1210/er.2007-0001

Cites

604 of 604 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Two types of murine helper T cell clone. I. Definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins.
Mosmann, T. R., Cherwinski, H. M., Bond, M. W., Giedlin, M. A., & Coffman, R. L. (1986) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.136.7.2348 · Cited by 7,553
Endometriosis
Giudice, L. C., & Kao, L. C. (2004) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)17403-5 · Cited by 3,166
The Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis and Immune-Mediated Inflammation
Chrousos, G. P. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199505183322008 · Cited by 2,579
The Sympathetic Nerve—An Integrative Interface between Two Supersystems: The Brain and the Immune System
Elenkov, I. J., Wilder, R. L., Chrousos, G. P., & Vizi, E. S. (2000) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0031-6997(24)01470-4 · Cited by 2,252
Immunology of multiple sclerosis
Sospedra, M., & Martin, R. (2005) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115707 · Cited by 2,149
Antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptide and IgA rheumatoid factor predict the development of rheumatoid arthritis
Rantapää‐Dahlqvist, S., Jong, B. A. W. D., Berglin, E. H., Hallmans, G., Wadell, G., Stenlund, H. C., Sundin, U., & VENROOIJ, W. J. V. (2003) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.11223 · Cited by 1,946
Estrogen Carcinogenesis in Breast Cancer
Yager, J. D., & Davidson, N. E. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra050776 · Cited by 1,890
Specific autoantibodies precede the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis: A study of serial measurements in blood donors
Nielen, M. M. J., van Schaardenburg, D., Reesink, H. W., van de Stadt, R. J., van der Horst-Bruinsma, I. E., Koning, M. H. M. T. D., Habibuw, M. R., Vandenbroucke, J. P., & Dijkmans, B. A. C. (2004) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.20018 · Cited by 1,856
Effect of oestrogen during menopause on risk and age at onset of Alzheimer's disease
Tang, M., Jacobs, D. M., Stern, Y., Marder, K. S., Schofield, P., Gurland, B. J., Andrews, H., & Mayeux, R. P. (1996) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)03356-9 · Cited by 1,647
Immune-neuro-endocrine interactions: facts and hypotheses.
BESEDOVSKY, H. O., & REY, A. D. (1996) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-17-1-64 · Cited by 1,564
Rate of Pregnancy-Related Relapse in Multiple Sclerosis
Confavreux, C., Hutchinson, M., Hours, M. M., Cortinovis-Tourniaire, P., & Moreau, T. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199807303390501 · Cited by 1,559
Increased Osteoclast Development After Estrogen Loss: Mediation by Interleukin-6
Jilka, R. L., Hangoc, G., Girasole, G., Passeri, G., Williams, D. C., Abrams, J. S., Boyce, B. F., Broxmeyer, H. E., & Manolagas, S. C. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1621100 · Cited by 1,440
A brief history of TH17, the first major revision in the TH1/TH2 hypothesis of T cell–mediated tissue damage
Steinman, L. (2007) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1551 · Cited by 1,391
Regulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis by Cytokines: Actions and Mechanisms of Action
TURNBULL, A. V., & RIVIER, C. L. (1999) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1999.79.1.1 · Cited by 1,297
Combined Oral Contraceptives in Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Petri, M., Kim, M., KALUNIAN, K. C., Grossman, J., Hahn, B. H., Sammaritano, L. R., Lockshin, M. D., Merrill, J. T., Belmont, M. H., Askanase, A., et al. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa051135 · Cited by 1,166
The Estrogen Receptor β-Isoform (ERβ) of the Human Estrogen Receptor Modulates ERα Transcriptional Activity and Is a Key Regulator of the Cellular Response to Estrogens and Antiestrogens1
Hall, J. M., & McDonnell, D. P. (1999) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.140.12.7179 · Cited by 1,078
Induction of calcium-dependent nitric oxide synthases by sex hormones.
Weiner, C. P., Lizasoaín, I., Baylis, S. A., Knowles, R. G., Charles, I. G., & Moncada, S. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.11.5212 · Cited by 1,066
Interactions Between the Gonadal Steroids and the Immune System
Grossman, C. J. (1985) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3871252 · Cited by 1,057
Estrogen deficiency and bone loss: an inflammatory tale
Weitzmann, M. N. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci28550 · Cited by 990
Estrogen Replacement Therapy for Treatment of Mild to Moderate Alzheimer Disease
Mulnard, R. A., Cotman, C. W., Kawas, C. H., van Dyck, C. H., Sano, M. C., Doody, R. S., Koss, E., Pfeiffer, E., Jin, S., Gamst, A., et al. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.283.8.1007 · Cited by 989
A prospective study of estrogen replacement therapy and the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease
Kawas, C. H., Resnick, S. M., Morrison, A., Brookmeyer, R., Corrada, M. M., Zonderman, A. B., Bacal, C., Lingle, D. D., & Metter, E. J. (1997) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.48.6.1517 · Cited by 967
Sources of estrogen and their importance
Simpson, E. R. (2003) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-0760(03)00360-1 · Cited by 936
Changes in Proinflammatory Cytokine Activity after Menopause
Pfeilschifter, J., Köditz, R., Pfohl, M., & Schatz, H. (2002) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.23.1.0456 · Cited by 929
Molecular Control of Immune/Inflammatory Responses: Interactions Between Nuclear Factor-κB and Steroid Receptor-Signaling Pathways
McKay, L. I., & Cidlowski, J. A. (1999) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.20.4.0375 · Cited by 805
The role of substance P in inflammatory disease
O’Connor, T. M., O'Connell, J., O’Brien, D. I., Goode, T., Bredin, C. P., & Shanahan, F. (2004) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.20061 · Cited by 798
Progesterone favors the development of human T helper cells producing Th2-type cytokines and promotes both IL-4 production and membrane CD30 expression in established Th1 cell clones
Piccinni, M., Giudizi, M. G., Biagiotti, R., Beloni, L., Giannarini, L., Sampognaro, S., Parronchi, P., Manetti, R., Annunziato, F., & Livi, C. (1995) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.155.1.128 · Cited by 743
Gene Expression Analysis of Endometrium Reveals Progesterone Resistance and Candidate Susceptibility Genes in Women with Endometriosis
Burney, R. O., Talbi, S., Hamilton, A. E., Vo, K. C., Nyegaard, M., Nezhat, C. R., Lessey, B. A., & Giudice, L. C. (2007) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2006-1692 · Cited by 735
The endogenous oestrogen metabolite 2-methoxyoestradiol inhibits angiogenesis and suppresses tumour growth
Fotsis, T., Zhang, Y., Pepper, M. S., Adlercreutz, H., Montesano, R., Nawroth, P. P., & Schweigerer, L. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/368237a0 · Cited by 730
Estrogen deficiency induces bone loss by enhancing T-cell production of TNF-α
Cenci, S., Weitzmann, M. N., Roggia, C., Namba, N., Novack, D., Woodring, J., & Pacifici, R. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci11066 · Cited by 705
Repression of the Interleukin-6 Promoter by Estrogen Receptor Is Mediated by NF-κB and C/EBPβ
Stein, B., & Yang, M. X. (1995) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.15.9.4971 · Cited by 702
17 beta-estradiol inhibits interleukin-6 production by bone marrow-derived stromal cells and osteoblasts in vitro: a potential mechanism for the antiosteoporotic effect of estrogens.
Girasole, G., Jilka, R. L., Passeri, G., Boswell, S. H., Boder, G. B., Williams, D. C., & Manolagas, S. C. (1992) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci115668 · Cited by 677
The Effect of Combined Estrogen and Progesterone Hormone Replacement Therapy on Disease Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Randomized Trial
Buyon, J. P., Petri, M. A., Kim, M. Y., Kalunian, K. C., Grossman, J., Hahn, B. H., Merrill, J. T., Sammaritano, L., Lockshin, M., Alarcón, G. S., et al. (2005) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-142-12_part_1-200506210-00004 · Cited by 661
Gonadal Steroids and Immunity*
Olsen, N. J., & Kovacs, W. J. (1996) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-17-4-369 · Cited by 659
Heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis pathogenesis: implications for diagnosis and therapy
Lassmann, H., Brück, W., & Lucchinetti, C. F. (2001) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/s1471-4914(00)01909-2 · Cited by 640
Estrogen accelerates cutaneous wound healing associated with an increase in TGF-β1 levels
Ashcroft, G. S., Dodsworth, J., Boxtel, E. V., Tarnuzzer, R. W., Horan, M. A., Schultz, G. S., & Ferguson, M. W. J. (1997) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1197-1209 · Cited by 573
Estrogen Modulation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase
Chambliss, K. L., & Shaul, P. W. (2002) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2001-0045 · Cited by 572
Sex differences in pain and analgesia: the role of gonadal hormones
Craft, R. M., Mogil, J. S., & Aloisi, A. M. (2004) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2004.01.003 · Cited by 570
Estrogens inhibit and androgens enhance ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis.
Billig, H., Furuta, I., & Hsueh, A. J. W. (1993) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.133.5.8404672 · Cited by 556
Estrogen receptor α, not β, is a critical link in estradiol-mediated protection against brain injury
Dubal, D. B., Zhu, H., Yu, J., Rau, S. W., Shughrue, P. J., Merchenthaler, I. J., Kindy, M. S., & Wise, P. M. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.98.4.1952 · Cited by 550
Cutting Edge: Estrogen Drives Expansion of the CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cell Compartment
Polanczyk, M. J., Carson, B. D., Subramanian, S., Afentoulis, M. E., Vandenbark, A. A., Ziegler, S. F., & Offner, H. (2004) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.173.4.2227 · Cited by 521
Estrogen receptor (ER) β, a modulator of ERα in the uterus
Weihua, Z., Saji, S., Mäkinen, S., Cheng, G., Jensen, E. V., Warner, M., & Gustafsson, J.-Å. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.11.5936 · Cited by 507
Estrogen Prevents the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response in Microglia
Vegeto, E., Bonincontro, C., Pollio, G., Sala, A., Viappiani, S., Nardi, F., Brusadelli, A., Viviani, B., Ciana, P., & Maggi, A. C. (2001) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-06-01809.2001 · Cited by 475
17β-Estradiol Inhibits Inflammatory Gene Expression by Controlling NF-κB Intracellular Localization
Ghisletti, S., Meda, C., Maggi, A. C., & Vegeto, E. (2005) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.25.8.2957-2968.2005 · Cited by 472
Kappa–opioids produce significantly greater analgesia in women than in men
Gear, R. W., Miaskowski, C. A., Gordon, N. C., Paul, S. M., Heller, P. H., & Levine, J. D. (1996) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1196-1248 · Cited by 457
Low-fat diet in myocardial infarction: A controlled trial.
Ball, K. P. (1965) · PubMed · Cited by 441
Treatment of multiple sclerosis with the pregnancy hormone estriol
Sicotte, N. L., Liva, S. M., Klutch, R., Pfeiffer, P., Bouvier, S., Odesa, S., Wu, T. C. J., & Voskuhl, R. R. (2002) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.10301 · Cited by 435
Identification of an Estrogen Response Element Activated by Metabolites of 17β-Estradiol and Raloxifene
Yang, N., Venugopalan, M., Hardikar, S., & Glasebrook, A. L. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.273.5279.1222 · Cited by 428
Estrogen regulates the IFN-gamma promoter
Fox, H. S., Bond, B. L., & Parslow, T. G. (1991) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.146.12.4362 · Cited by 424
Estrogen replacement therapy, atherosclerosis, and vascular function
Mikkola, T. S. (2002) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-6363(01)00466-7 · Cited by 423
Evidence of direct estrogenic regulation of human corticotropin-releasing hormone gene expression. Potential implications for the sexual dimophism of the stress response and immune/inflammatory reaction.
Vamvakopoulos, N. C., & Chrousos, G. P. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci116782 · Cited by 422
Is brain estradiol a hormone or a neurotransmitter?
Balthazart, J., & Ball, G. (2006) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2006.03.004 · Cited by 397
Estrogen receptor-α mediates the brain antiinflammatory activity of estradiol
Vegeto, E., Belcredito, S., Etteri, S., Ghisletti, S., Brusadelli, A., Meda, C., Krust, A., Dupont, S., Ciana, P., Chambon, P., et al. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1531957100 · Cited by 384
Antiinflammatory Effects of Estrogen on Microglial Activation
Bruce‐Keller, A. J., Keeling, J. L., Keller, J. N., Huang, F. F., Camondola, S., & Mattson, M. P. (2000) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.141.10.7693 · Cited by 374
Estrogen and Angiogenesis
Losordo, D. W., & Isner, J. M. (2001) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.21.1.6 · Cited by 354
Gender differences in irritable bowel syndrome
Chang, L., & Heitkemper, M. M. (2002) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/gast.2002.36603 · Cited by 351
A Trial of Contraceptive Methods in Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Sánchez‐Guerrero, J., Uribe, A. G., Jiménez-Santana, L., Mestanza-Peralta, M., Lara-Reyes, P., Seuc, A. H., & Cravioto, M. D. C. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa050817 · Cited by 350
Hydrogen peroxide is essential for estrogen-deficiency bone loss and osteoclast formation.
Lean, J., Jagger, C., Kirstein, B., Fuller, K., & Chambers, T. (2005) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2004-1021 · Cited by 346
Sex differences in thermal nociception and morphine antinociception in rodents depend on genotype
Mogil, J. S., Chesler, E. J., Wilson, S. G., Juraska, J. M., & Sternberg, W. F. (2000) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(00)00015-4 · Cited by 346
Low-Dose Estrogen Therapy Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Two Different Inbred Mouse Strains
Bebo, B. F., Fyfe-Johnson, A., Adlard, K., Beam, A. G., Vandenbark, A. A., & Offner, H. (2001) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.166.3.2080 · Cited by 341
Effects of 17beta-estradiol on cytokine-induced endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression.
Caulin‐Glaser, T., Watson, C. A., Pardi, R., & Bender, J. R. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci118774 · Cited by 339
A progesterone-dependent immunomodulatory protein alters the Th1Th2 balance
Szekeres‐Barthó, J., & Wegmann, T. G. (1996) · Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1016/0165-0378(96)00964-3 · Cited by 338
Estrogen modulates cutaneous wound healing by downregulating macrophage migration inhibitory factor
Ashcroft, G. S., Mills, S. J., Lei, K., Gibbons, L., Jeong, M.-J., Taniguchi, M., Burow, M., Horan, M. A., Wahl, S. M., & Nakayama, T. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci16288 · Cited by 335
17β-Estradiol Reduces Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis In Vivo and In Vitro via Activation of Phospho-Inositide-3 Kinase/Akt Signaling
Patten, R. D., Pourati, I., Aronovitz, M. J., Baur, J., Celestin, F., Chen, X., Michael, A., Haq, S., Nuedling, S., Grohé, C., et al. (2004) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.0000144126.57786.89 · Cited by 333
Evaluation of an Estrogen Receptor-β Agonist in Animal Models of Human Disease
Harris, H. A., Albert, L. M., Leathurby, Y., Malamas, M. S., Mewshaw, R. E., Miller, C. P., Kharode, Y. P., Marzolf, J. R., Komm, B. S., Winneker, R. C., et al. (2003) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2003-0550 · Cited by 318
Effect of estradiol on cytokine secretion by proteolipid protein-specific T cell clones isolated from multiple sclerosis patients and normal control subjects
Gilmore, W., Weiner, L. P., & Correale, J. D. (1997) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.158.1.446 · Cited by 317
Estrogen deficiency induces bone loss by increasing T cell proliferation and lifespan through IFN-γ-induced class II transactivator
Cenci, S., Toraldo, G., Weitzmann, M. N., Roggia, C., Gao, Y., Qian, W. P., Sierra, O., & Pacifici, R. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1533207100 · Cited by 309
Estrogen receptor impairs interleukin-6 expression by preventing protein binding on the NF- B site
Galien, R., & Garcia, T. (1997) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/25.12.2424 · Cited by 299
Estradiol enhances primary antigen‐specific CD4 T cell responses and Th1 development in vivo. Essential role of estrogen receptor α expression in hematopoietic cells
Maret, A., Coudert, J. D., Garidou, L., Foucras, G., Gourdy, P., Krust, A., Dupont, S., Chambon, P., Druet, P., Bayard, F., et al. (2003) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/immu.200310027 · Cited by 291
Collagen Type II-Specific Monoclonal Antibody-Induced Arthritis in Mice
Nandakumar, K. S., Svensson, L., & Holmdahl, R. (2003) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63542-0 · Cited by 290
Estradiol Down‐Regulates LPS‐Induced Cytokine Production and NFkB Activation in Murine Macrophages
Deshpande, R. R., Khalili, H., Pergolizzi, R. G., Michael, S. D., & Chang, M.-D. Y. (1997) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1997.tb00275.x · Cited by 285
Suppressive effects of estradiol on dimethylnitrosamine-induced fibrosis of the liver in rats
Yasuda, M., Shimizu, I., Shiba, M., & Ito, S. (1999) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.510290307 · Cited by 283
Immune Modulation in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with the Pregnancy Hormone Estriol
Soldan, S. S., Retuerto, A. I. A., Sicotte, N. L., & Voskuhl, R. R. (2003) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.171.11.6267 · Cited by 277
Estrogen enhances immunoglobulin production by human PBMCs
Kanda, N., & Tamaki, K. (1999) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0091-6749(99)70503-8 · Cited by 273
IL-12, TNF-α, and Hormonal Changes during Late Pregnancy and Early Postpartum: Implications for Autoimmune Disease Activity during These Times
Elenkov, I. J., Wilder, R. L., Bakalov, V. K., Link, A. A., Dimitrov, M. A., Fisher, S., Crane, M., Kanik, K. S., & Chrousos, G. P. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.86.10.7905 · Cited by 272
Treating endometriosis as an autoimmune disease
Nothnick, W. B. (2001) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(01)01878-7 · Cited by 270
Estriol ameliorates autoimmune demyelinating disease: Implications for multiple sclerosis
Kim, S., Liva, S. M., Dalal, M. A., Verity, M. A., & Voskuhl, R. R. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.52.6.1230 · Cited by 268
Genital Sensory Field: Enlargement by Estrogen Treatment in Female Rats
Komisaruk, B. R., Adler, N. T., & Hutchison, J. (1972) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.178.4067.1295 · Cited by 265
Modulation of Transforming Growth Factor-βProduction in Normal Human Osteoblast-Like Cells by 17β-Estradiol and Parathyroid Hormone
Oursler, M. J., CORTESE, C., Keeting, P. E., Anderson, M. A., Bonde, S. K., Riggs, B. L., & Spelsberg, T. C. (1991) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-129-6-3313 · Cited by 263
Sex hormone regulation of in vitro immune response. Estradiol enhances human B cell maturation via inhibition of suppressor T cells in pokeweed mitogen-stimulated cultures.
Paavonen, T., Andersson, L. C., & Adlercreutz, H. (1981) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.154.6.1935 · Cited by 263
Maternal–fetal immunology and autoimmune disease. Is some autoimmune disease auto‐alloimmune or allo‐autoimmune?
Nelson, J. L. (1996) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780390203 · Cited by 258
Regulatory roles of sex hormones in cutaneous biology and immunology
Kanda, N., & Watanabe, S. (2005) · Journal of Dermatological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2004.10.011 · Cited by 257
Cross-talk between Transforming Growth Factor-β and Estrogen Receptor Signaling through Smad3
Matsuda, T., Yamamoto, T., Muraguchi, A., & Saatcioglu, F. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m105316200 · Cited by 255
Ethinylestradiol does not enhance the expression of nitric oxide synthase in bovine endothelial cells but increases the release of bioactive nitric oxide by inhibiting superoxide anion production.
Arnal, J., Clamens, S., Pechet, C., Nègre‐Salvayre, A., Allera, C., Girolami, J. P., Salvayre, R., & Bayard, F. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.9.4108 · Cited by 254
Estrogen Treatment Down-Regulates TNF-α Production and Reduces the Severity of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Cytokine Knockout Mice
Ito, A., Bebo, B. F., Matejuk, A., Zamora, A., Silverman, M., Fyfe‐Johnson, A. L., & Offner, H. (2001) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.167.1.542 · Cited by 252
Oral contraceptives, cigarette smoking and other factors in relation to arthritis
Vessey, M. P., VILLARD‐MACKINTOSH, L., & Yeates, D. (1987) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/0010-7824(87)90082-5 · Cited by 252
Regulation of the immune response by sex hormones. I. In vitro effects of estradiol and testosterone on pokeweed mitogen-induced human B cell differentiation.
Sthoeger, Z. M., Chiorazzi, N., & Lahita, R. G. (1988) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.141.1.91 · Cited by 248
Vascular consequences of menopause and hormone therapy: Importance of timing of treatment and type of estrogen
Dubey, R. K., Imthurn, B., Barton, M., & Jackson, E. K. (2005) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1016/j.cardiores.2004.12.012 · Cited by 240
The role of sex hormones in systemic lupus erythematosus
Lahita, R. G. (1999) · Current Opinion in Rheumatology · doi:10.1097/00002281-199909000-00005 · Cited by 239
Risk factors for and prevalence of thyroid disorders in a cross‐sectional study among healthy female relatives of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease
Strieder, T. G. A., Prummel, M. F., Tijssen, J. G. P., Endert, E., & Wiersinga, W. M. (2003) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2003.01862.x · Cited by 230
Estrogen inhibits release of tumor necrosis factor from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in postmenopausal women
Ralston, S. H., Russell, R. G. G., & Gowen, M. (1990) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.5650050912 · Cited by 230
Steroid Hormone Regulation of Cytokine Secretion by Proteolipid Protein-Specific CD4+ T Cell Clones Isolated from Multiple Sclerosis Patients and Normal Control Subjects
Correale, J. D., Arias, M., & Gilmore, W. (1998) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.161.7.3365 · Cited by 229
17β‐Estradiol inhibition of NADPH oxidase expression in human endothelial cells
Wagner, A. H., Schroeter, M. R., & Hecker, M. (2001) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.01-0123com · Cited by 229
In vivo effects by estrone sulfate on the central nervous system-senile dementia (alzheimer's type)
Hideo, H., Ogino, Y., Naitoh, K., Urabe, M., Jo, K., Yasuda, J., Yamamoto, T., ISHIHARA, S., Okada, H., Takeshi, Y., et al. (1989) · Journal of Steroid Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0022-4731(89)90137-4 · Cited by 228
Increased B-lymphopoiesis by interleukin 7 induces bone loss in mice with intact ovarian function: Similarity to estrogen deficiency
Miyaura, C., Onoe, Y., Inada, M., Maki, K., Ikuta, K., Ito, M., & Suda, T. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.17.9360 · Cited by 228
Estrogen Modulates Microglial Inflammatory Mediator Production via Interactions with Estrogen Receptor β
Baker, A. E., Brautigam, V. M., & Watters, J. J. (2004) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2004-0619 · Cited by 227
Alterations of estrogen metabolism in systemic lupus erythematosus
Lahita, R. G., Bradlow, H. L., Kunkel, H. G., & Fishman, J. (1979) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780221106 · Cited by 220
Substance P receptor-mediated chemotaxis of human monocytes
Ruff, M. R., Wahl, S. M., & Pert, C. B. (1985) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/0196-9781(85)90142-1 · Cited by 220
Estrogen induces a potent suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelities and collagen-induced arthritis in mice
Jansson, L., Olsson, T. P., & Holmdahl, R. (1994) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/0165-5728(94)90030-2 · Cited by 218
Pregnancy-related steroids are potential negative regulators of B lymphopoiesis.
Medina, K. L., & Kincade, P. W. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.12.5382 · Cited by 217
Glomerulosclerosis and Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis are Attenuated with 17β-Estradiol in the Aging Dahl Salt Sensitive Rat
Maric, C., Sandberg, K. L., & Hinojosa‐Laborde, C. (2004) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1097/01.asn.0000128219.65330.ea · Cited by 214
Effects of Estrogen Treatment on the Size of Receptive Field and Response Threshold of Pudendal Nerve in the Female Rat
Kow, L.-M., & Pfaff, D. W. (2008) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000122214 · Cited by 210
Female sex steroids: effects upon microglial cell activation
Drew, P. D., & Chavis, J. A. (2000) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/s0165-5728(00)00386-6 · Cited by 209
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN CYTOKINE SECRETION BY HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS: ROLE OF ESTROGEN IN MODULATING LPS-INDUCED CYTOKINE SECRETION IN AN EX VIVO SEPTIC MODEL
Asai, K., Hiki, N., Mimura, Y., Ogawa, T., Unou, K., & Kaminishi, M. (2001) · Shock · doi:10.1097/00024382-200116050-00003 · Cited by 209
Identification of interleukin‐8 as estrogen receptor‐regulated factor involved in breast cancer invasion and angiogenesis by protein arrays
Lin, Y., Huang, R., Chen, L., Li, S., Shi, Q., Jordan, C., & Huang, R. (2004) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.11724 · Cited by 205
Estradiol repression of tumor necrosis factor-α transcription requires estrogen receptor activation function-2 and is enhanced by coactivators
An, J., Ribeiro, R. C. J., Webb, P., Gustafsson, J.-Α., Kushner, P. J., Baxter, J. D., & Leitman, D. C. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.26.15161 · Cited by 203
Gonadal steroids and immunity
Olsen, N. J. (1996) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.17.4.369 · Cited by 203
Postmenopausal Estrogen Therapy and the Risk for Developing Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Sánchez‐Guerrero, J., Liang, M. H., Karlson, E. W., Hunter, D. J., & Colditz, G. A. (1995) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-122-6-199503150-00005 · Cited by 200
17β‐estradiol regulates cytokine release through modulation of CD16 expression in monocytes and monocyte‐derived macrophages
Kramer, P. R., Kramer, S. F., & Guan, G. (2004) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.20309 · Cited by 200
Approach to the study of the role of sex hormones in autoimmunity
Steinberg, A. D., Melez, K. A., Raveche, E. S., et al. (1979) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780221103 · Cited by 199
Increased 16α-Hydroxylation of Estradiol in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus*
Lahita, R. G., Bradlow, H. L., Kunkel, H. G., & Fishman, J. (1981) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-53-1-174 · Cited by 198
Estrogen Receptor α Is Necessary in Thymic Development and Estradiol-Induced Thymic Alterations
Staples, J. E., Gasiewicz, T. A., Fiore, N. C., Lubahn, D. B., Korach, K. S., & Silverstone, A. E. (1999) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.163.8.4168 · Cited by 198
Role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, glucocorticoids and glucocorticoid receptors in toxic sequelae of exposure to bacterial and viral products
Webster, J., & Sternberg, E. (2004) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.0.1810207 · Cited by 196
17β-Estradiol stimulates expression of osteoprotegerin by a mouse stromal cell line, ST-2, via estrogen receptor-α.
Saika, M., Inoue, D., Kido, S., & Matsumoto, T. (2001) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.142.6.8220 · Cited by 194
Progesterone via Its Receptor Antagonizes the Pro-Inflammatory Activity of Estrogen in the Mouse Uterus1
Tibbetts, T. A., Conneely, O. M., & O’Malley, B. W. (1999) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod60.5.1158 · Cited by 190
Pathogenesis of Endometriosis
Witz, C. A. (2004) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.3109/9780203319390-12 · Cited by 189
2-Hydroxyestrone: the 'good' estrogen
Bradlow, H. L., Telang, N., Sepkovic, D. W., & Osborne, M. P. (1996) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.0.150s259 · Cited by 189
Estrogen Modulates Inflammatory Mediator Expression and Neutrophil Chemotaxis in Injured Arteries
Miller, A. P., Feng, W., Xing, D., Weathington, N. M., Blalock, J. E., Chen, Y.-F., & Oparil, S. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000142050.19488.c7 · Cited by 188
Role of oestrogen receptors α and β in immune organ development and in oestrogen‐mediated effects on thymus
Erlandsson, M. C., Ohlsson, C., Gustafsson, J.-Α., & Carlsten, H. (2001) · Immunology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2567.2001.01212.x · Cited by 187
Gonadal steroids modulate human monocyte interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) activity
Polan, M. L., Daniele, A., & Kuo, A. (1989) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1016/0020-7292(89)90287-7 · Cited by 187
Increased interleukin-6 production by murine bone marrow and bone cells after estrogen withdrawal
Passeri, G., Girasole, G., Jilka, R. L., & Manolagas, S. C. (1993) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.133.2.8393776 · Cited by 186
Dual Role of CCR2 during Initiation and Progression of Collagen-Induced Arthritis: Evidence for Regulatory Activity of CCR2+ T Cells
Brühl, H., Cihak, J., Schneider, M. A., Plachý, J., Rupp, T., Wenzel, I., Shakarami, M., Milz, S., Ellwart, J. W., Stangassinger, M., et al. (2004) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.172.2.890 · Cited by 186
Estrogen receptor alpha is necessary in thymic development and estradiol-induced thymic alterations.
Staples, J. E., Gasiewicz, T. A., Fiore, N. C., Lubahn, D. B., Korach, K. S., & Silverstone, A. E. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 184
Survival versus apoptotic 17β‐estradiol effect: Role of ERα and ERβ activated non‐genomic signaling
Acconcia, F., Totta, P., Ogawa, S., et al. (2004) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.20219 · Cited by 183
Estrogen modulation of JE/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA expression in murine macrophages.
Frazier-Jessen, M. R., & Kovacs, E. J. (1995) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.154.4.1838 · Cited by 180
Regulatory effects of estrogen on acute lung inflammation in mice
Speyer, C. L., Rancilio, N. J., McClintock, S. D., Crawford, J. D., Gao, H., Sarma, J. V., & Ward, P. A. (2005) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00467.2004 · Cited by 180
The Endogenous Estrogen Status Regulates Microglia Reactivity in Animal Models of Neuroinflammation
Vegeto, E., Belcredito, S., Ghisletti, S., Meda, C., Etteri, S., & Maggi, A. C. (2006) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2005-1330 · Cited by 178
Estrogen receptor-α and -β immunoreactivity and mRNA in neurons of sensory and autonomic ganglia and spinal cord
Papka, R. E., Storey-Workley, M. E., Shughrue, P. J., Merchenthaler, I. J., Collins, J., Usip, S., Saunders, P. T. K., & Shupnik, M. A. (2001) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s004410100363 · Cited by 178
Role of TNF/TNFR in autoimmunity: specific TNF receptor blockade may be advantageous to anti-TNF treatments
Kollias, G. A., & Kontoyiannis, D. L. (2002) · Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews · doi:10.1016/s1359-6101(02)00019-9 · Cited by 177
The Role of Estrogen Receptors and Androgen Receptors in Sex Steroid Regulation of B Lymphopoiesis
Smithson, G. M., Couse, J. F., Lubahn, D. B., Korach, K. S., & Kincade, P. W. (1998) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.161.1.27 · Cited by 176
DIFFERENT ROLES FOR ANDROGENS AND ESTROGENS IN THE SUSCEPTIBILITY TO AUTOIMMUNE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
Cutolo, M., & Wilder, R. L. (2000) · Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0889-857x(05)70171-x · Cited by 176
Past use of oral contraceptives and the risk of developing systemic lupus erythematosus
Sánchez‐Guerrero, J., Karlson, E. W., Liang, M. H., Hunter, D. J., Speizer, F. E., & Colditz, G. A. (1997) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780400505 · Cited by 176
Effect of estradiol on interleukin 1 synthesis by macrophages
Hu, S. K., Mitcho, Y. L., & Rath, N. C. (1988) · International Journal of Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/0192-0561(88)90055-0 · Cited by 172
Short-term estradiol treatment enhances pituitary-adrenal axis and sympathetic responses to psychosocial stress in healthy young men
Kirschbaum, C., Schommer, N., Federenko, I. S., Gaab, J., Neumann, O., Oellers, M., Rohleder, N., Untiedt, A., Hanker, J. P., Pirke, K., et al. (1996) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.81.10.8855815 · Cited by 172
Estrogen increases sensitivity of hepatic Kupffer cells to endotoxin
Ikejima, K., Enomoto, N., Iimuro, Y., Ikejima, A., Fang, D., Xu, J., Forman, D. T., Brenner, D. A., & Thurman, R. G. (1998) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.1998.274.4.g669 · Cited by 172
NADPH-oxidase expression and in situ production of superoxide by osteoclasts actively resorbing bone.
Steinbeck, M. J., Appel, W. H., Verhoeven, A. J., & Karnovsky, M. J. (1994) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.126.3.765 · Cited by 171
Hormone Replacement Therapy and Interrelation between Serum Interleukin-6 and Body Mass Index in Postmenopausal Women: A Population-Based Study
Straub, R. H., Hense, H. W., Andus, T., Schölmerich, J., Riegger, G. A. J., & Schunkert, H. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.85.3.6355 · Cited by 170
Self-citation
In Vivo Effects of Sex Steroids on Lymphocyte Responsiveness and Immunoglobulin Levels in Humans
Giltay, E. J., Fonk, J. C. M., Blomberg, B. M. E. V., Drexhage, H. A., Schalkwijk, C., & Gooren, L. J. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.85.4.6562 · Cited by 170
Effect of estrogen on endothelial function and angiogenesis
Rubanyi, G. M., Johns, A., & Kauser, K. Z. (2002) · Vascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0306-3623(02)00131-3 · Cited by 169
Divergent effects of hormone therapy on serum markers of inflammation in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease on appropriate medical management
Zanger, D. R., Yang, B. K., Ardans, J. A., Waclawiw, M. A., Csákó, G., Wahl, L. M., & Cannon, R. O. (2000) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(00)00952-9 · Cited by 168
The Protective Effect of 17β-Estradiol on Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Is Mediated through Estrogen Receptor-α
Polanczyk, M. J., Zamora, A., Subramanian, S., Matejuk, A., Hess, D. L., Blankenhorn, E. P., Teuscher, C., Vandenbark, A. A., & Offner, H. (2003) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63516-x · Cited by 167
Recruitment of Uterine NK Cells: Induction of CXC Chemokine Ligands 10 and 11 in Human Endometrium by Estradiol and Progesterone
Sentman, C. L., Meadows, S. K., Wira, C. R., & Eriksson, M. (2004) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.173.11.6760 · Cited by 167
Economic consequences of the progression of rheumatoid arthritis in Sweden
Kobelt, G., Eberhardt, K., J�nsson, L., & J�nsson, B. (1999) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/1529-0131(199902)42:2 · Cited by 167
Estrogen inhibition of EAE involves effects on dendritic cell function
Liu, H. Y., Buenafe, A. C., Matejuk, A., Ito, A., Zamora, A., Dwyer, J. M., Vandenbark, A. A., & Offner, H. (2002) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.10409 · Cited by 166
Reciprocal Antagonism Between Estrogen Receptor and NF-κB Activity In Vivo
Evans, M. J., Eckert, A., Lai, K., Adelman, S. J., & Harnish, D. C. (2001) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/hh2101.098543 · Cited by 164
Progesterone and Estradiol Modulate Interleukin-1βMessenger Ribonucleic Acid Levels in Cultured Human Peripheral Monocytes*
Polan, M. L., Loukides, J. A., Nelson, P. J., Carding, S. R., Diamond, M. P., WALSH, A., & Bottomly, K. (1989) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-69-6-1200 · Cited by 162
Effect of Pregnancy and Hormonal Changes on the Activity of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Østensen, M., Aune, B., & Husby, G. (1983) · Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.3109/03009748309102886 · Cited by 162
Sex steroids regulate pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine release by macrophages after trauma-hemorrhage
Angele, M. K., Knöferl, M. W., Schwacha, M. G., Ayala, A., Cioffi, W. G., Bland, K. I., & Chaudry, I. H. (1999) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.1999.277.1.c35 · Cited by 161
Increased estrogen formation and estrogen to androgen ratio in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
CASTAGNETTA, L. A. M., Carruba, G., Granata, O. M., Stefano, R., Miele, M., Schmidt, M., Cutolo, M., & Straub, R. H. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 160
Self-citation
Gonadal steroids modulate human monocyte interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity
Polan, M. L., Daniele, A., & Kuo, A. (1988) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)59945-2 · Cited by 160
The influence of oral contraceptives on the risk of multiple sclerosis
Thorogood, M., & Hannaford, P. C. (1998) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1998.tb10008.x · Cited by 157
Estrogen accelerates immune complex glomerulonephritis but ameliorates T cell-mediated vasculitis and sialadenitis in autoimmune MRL lpr/lpr mice
Carlsten, H., Nilsson, N., Jonsson, R., Bäckman, K., Holmdahl, R., & Tarkowski, A. (1992) · Cellular Immunology · doi:10.1016/0008-8749(92)90236-i · Cited by 156
Estrogen attenuates nuclear factor-kappa B activation induced by transient cerebral ischemia
Wen, Y., Yang, S., Liu, R., Perez, E., Yi, K. D., Koulen, P., & Simpkins, J. W. (2004) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2004.02.019 · Cited by 155
Progesterone inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression and nitric oxide production in murine macrophages
Miller, L. D., Alley, E. W., Murphy, W. J., Russell, S. W., & Hunt, J. S. (1996) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.59.3.442 · Cited by 152
Hormone Replacement Therapy Prevents Osteoclastic Hyperactivity: A Histomorphometric Study in Early Postmenopausal Women
Eriksen, E. F., Langdahl, B. L., Vesterby, A., Rungby, J., & Kassem, M. (1999) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1359/jbmr.1999.14.7.1217 · Cited by 151
An opposing time‐dependent immune‐modulating effect of the sympathetic nervous system conferred by altering the cytokine profile in the local lymph nodes and spleen of mice with type II collagen–induced arthritis
Härle, P., Möbius, D., Carr, D. J. J., Schölmerich, J., & Straub, R. H. (2005) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.20987 · Cited by 151
Self-citation
Relevance of sexual dimorphism to regulatory T cells: estradiol promotes IFN-γ production by invariant natural killer T cells
Gourdy, P., Araujo, L. M. M., Zhu, R., Garmy-Susini, B. H., Diem, S., Laurell, H., Leite‐de‐Moraes, M., Dy, M., Arnal, J., Bayard, F., et al. (2004) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2004-07-2819 · Cited by 150
A Pilot Study of the Effect upon Multiple Sclerosis of the Menopause, Hormone Replacement Therapy and the Menstrual Cycle
Smith, R. F., & Studd, J. W. W. (1992) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/014107689208501008 · Cited by 150
The effect of 17β-estradiol on production of cytokines in cultures of peripheral blood
Rogers, A., & Eastell, R. (2001) · Bone · doi:10.1016/s8756-3282(01)00468-9 · Cited by 149
Oral contraceptives and the incidence of multiple sclerosis
Hernán, M. Á., Hohol, M. J., Olek, M. J., et al. (2000) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.55.6.848 · Cited by 149
Organismic variables and pain inhibition: Roles of gender and aging
Bodnar, R. J., Romero, M.-T., & Kramer, E. (1988) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/0361-9230(88)90032-9 · Cited by 148
Estrogen Receptor α Mediates Estrogen’s Immune Protection in Autoimmune Disease
Liu, H.-B., Loo, K. K., Palaszynski, K. M., Ashouri, J. F., Lubahn, D. B., & Voskuhl, R. R. (2003) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.171.12.6936 · Cited by 144
The Role of CBP in Estrogen Receptor Cross-Talk with Nuclear Factor-κB in HepG2 Cells
Harnish, D. C., Scicchitano, M. S., Adelman, S. J., Lyttle, C. R., & Karathanasis, S. K. (2000) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.141.9.7646 · Cited by 144
Sex hormone status of male patients with rheumatoid arthritis: evidence of low serum concentrations of testosterone at baseline and after human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation
Cutolo, M., Balleari, E., Giusti, M., Monachesi, M., & Accardo, S. (1988) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780311015 · Cited by 144
Th2 immune deviation induced by pregnancy: The two faces of autoimmune rheumatic diseases
Doria, A., Iaccarino, L., Arienti, S., Ghirardello, A., Zampieri, S., Rampudda, M., Cutolo, M., Tincani, A., & TODESCO, S. (2006) · Reproductive Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2006.04.001 · Cited by 144
Estrogens Activate Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Gene Transcription in Mouse Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Zhou, S., Turgeman, G., Harris, S. E., Leitman, D. C., Komm, B. S., Bodine, P. V. N., & Gazit, D. (2003) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2002-0210 · Cited by 143
The effect of oral contraceptives and estrogen replacement therapy on the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a population based study.
Doran, M. F., Crowson, C. S., O’Fallon, W. M., & Gabriel, S. E. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 143
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) deficiency in macrophages results in increased stimulation of CD4+ T cells while 17β-estradiol acts through ERα to increase IL-4 and GATA-3 expression in CD4+ T cells independent of antigen presentation.
Lambert, K. C., Curran, E. M., Judy, B. M., Milligan, G. N., Lubahn, D. B., & Estes, D. M. (2005) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.175.9.5716 · Cited by 142
Estrogen and brain inflammation: Effects on microglial expression of MHC, costimulatory molecules and cytokines
Dimayuga, F. O., Reed, J. L., Carnero, G. A., Wang, C., Dimayuga, E. R., Smith, V. D., Perger, A., Wilson, M. E., Keller, J. N., & Bruce‐Keller, A. J. (2005) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.12.016 · Cited by 142
Vascular Effects of Synthetic or Natural Progestagen Combined With Conjugated Equine Estrogen in Healthy Postmenopausal Women
Koh, K. K., Jin, D., Yang, S. H., Lee, S.-K., Hwang, H. Y., Kang, M. H., Kim, W. S., Kim, D. S., Choi, I. S., & Shin, E. K. (2001) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.103.15.1961 · Cited by 142
Anti-inflammatory properties of estrogen
Josefsson, E., Tarkowski, A., & Caristen, H. (1992) · Cellular Immunology · doi:10.1016/0008-8749(92)90269-u · Cited by 142
Astrocyte-Derived Transforming Growth Factor-β Mediates the Neuroprotective Effects of 17β-Estradiol: Involvement of Nonclassical Genomic Signaling Pathways
Dhandapani, K. M., Wade, F. M., Mahesh, V. B., & Brann, D. W. (2005) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2005-0014 · Cited by 142
Regulation of estrogen synthesis in postmenopausal women
Purohit, A., & Reed, M. J. (2002) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/s0039-128x(02)00046-6 · Cited by 140
Conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone to downstream steroid hormones in macrophages
Schmidt, M., Kreutz, M. P., Löffler, G., Schölmerich, J., & Straub, R. H. (2000) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.0.1640161 · Cited by 140
Self-citation
Estradiol and its metabolites and their association with knee osteoarthritis
Sowers, M. R., McConnell, D. S., Jannausch, M. L., Büyüktür, A. G., Hochberg, M. C., & Jamadar, D. A. (2006) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.22005 · Cited by 138
Estrogen’s bone-protective effects may involve differential IL-1 receptor regulation in human osteoclast-like cells
Sunyer, T., Lewis, J., Collin‐Osdoby, P., & Osdoby, P. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci4682 · Cited by 138
Identification of pathway-selective estrogen receptor ligands that inhibit NF-κB transcriptional activity
Chadwick, C. C., Chippari, S. M., Matelan, E. M., Borges-Marcucci, L., Eckert, A. M., Keith, J. C., Albert, L. M., Leathurby, Y., Harris, H. A., Bhat, R. A., et al. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0405841102 · Cited by 137
Estrogen inhibits interleukin-6 production and gene expression in a human osteoblastic cell line with high levels of estrogen receptors
Kassem, M. S., Harris, S. A., Spelsberg, T. C., & Riggs, B. L. (1996) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.5650110208 · Cited by 136
Recent Use of Oral Contraceptives and the Risk of Multiple Sclerosis
Alonso, Á., Jick, S. S., Olek, M. J., Ascherio, A., Jick, H., & Hernán, M. Á. (2005) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.62.9.1362 · Cited by 136
Sex hormone status and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis
Sambrook, P. N., Eisman, J. A., Champion, G. D., & POCOCK, N. A. (1988) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780310805 · Cited by 135
Breast Cancer and the Role of Cytokines in Regulating Estrogen Synthesis: An Emerging Hypothesis
Reed, M. J., & Purohit, A. (1997) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.18.5.0314 · Cited by 134
Gonadal Steroids Exert Facilitating and “Buffering” Effects on Glucocorticoid-Mediated Transcriptional Regulation of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone and Corticosteroid Receptor Genes in Rat Brain
Patchev, V. K., & Almeida, O. F. X. (1996) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-21-07077.1996 · Cited by 133
The strength of B cell immunity in female rhesus macaques is controlled by CD8+T cells under the influence of ovarian steroid hormones
Lü, F. X., Abel, K., Ma, Z.-M., Rourke, T., Ding, L., TORTEN, J., McChesney, M. B., & Miller, C. J. (2002) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01780.x · Cited by 132
Effects of 17 beta-estradiol metabolites on cell cycle events in MCF-7 cells.
Lottering, M.-L., Haag, M., & Seegers, J. C. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 132
Hormonal regulation of collagenolysis in uterine cervical fibroblasts. Modulation of synthesis of procollagenase, prostromelysin and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) by progesterone and oestradiol-17 β
Sato, T., Itô, A., Mori, Y., Yamashita, K., Hayakawa, T., & Nagase, H. (1991) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj2750645 · Cited by 132
Steroid hormones and disease activity during pregnancy in systemic lupus erythematosus
Doria, A., Cutolo, M., Ghirardello, A., Zampieri, S., Vescovi, F., Sulli, A., Giusti, M., Piccoli, A., Grella, P., & Gambari, P. F. (2002) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/art.10248 · Cited by 130
Intraocular injection of tamoxifen‐loaded nanoparticles: a new treatment of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis
de Kozak, Y., Andrieux, K., Villarroya, H., Klein, C., Thillaye‐Goldenberg, B., Naud, M., Garcia, E., & Couvreur, P. (2004) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.200425022 · Cited by 130
Gestational and ovarian sex steroid antinociception: synergy between spinal κ and δ opioid systems
Dawson-Basoa, M., & Gintzler, A. R. (1998) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00192-9 · Cited by 130
SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS FLARES DURING PREGNANCY
Khamashta, M. A., Ruiz‐Irastorza, G., & Hughes, G. R. V. (1997) · Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0889-857x(05)70312-4 · Cited by 130
Estrogen and other female reproductive risk factors are not strongly associated with the development of rheumatoid arthritis in elderly women
Merlino, L. A., Cerhan, J. R., Criswell, L. A., Mikuls, T. R., & Saag, K. G. (2003) · Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism · doi:10.1016/s0049-0172(03)00084-2 · Cited by 129
17β-Estradiol and the phytoestrogen genistein attenuate neuronal apoptosis induced by the endoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin
Linford, N. J., & Dorsa, D. M. (2002) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/s0039-128x(02)00062-4 · Cited by 129
EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM ESTROGEN TREATMENT ON IFN-γ, IL-2 AND IL-4 GENE EXPRESSION AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN SPLEEN AND THYMUS OF NORMAL C57BL/6 MICE
Karpuzoglu-Sahin, E., Zhi-Jun, Y., Lengi, A. J., Sriranganathan, N., & Ahmed, S. A. (2001) · Cytokine · doi:10.1006/cyto.2001.0876 · Cited by 128
Increased Levels of C-Reactive Protein After Oral Hormone Replacement Therapy May Not Be Related to an Increased Inflammatory Response
Silvestri, A., Gebara, O., Vitale, C., Wajngarten, M., Leonardo, F., Ramires, J. A. F., Fini, M., Mercuro, G. G., & Rosano, G. M. C. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000074208.02226.5e · Cited by 128
HOPKINS LUPUS PREGNANCY CENTER: 1987 TO 1996
Petri, M. (1997) · Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0889-857x(05)70311-2 · Cited by 127
17β-Estradiol normalizes immune responses in ovariectomized females after trauma-hemorrhage
Knöferl, M. W., Jarrar, D., Angele, M. K., Ayala, A., Schwacha, M. G., Bland, K. I., & Chaudry, I. H. (2001) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.2001.281.4.c1131 · Cited by 127
The influence of sex on rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective study of onset and outcome after 2 years.
Tengstrand, B., Ahlmén, M., & Hafström, I. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 127
Estrogen and Inflammation Increase the Excitability of Rat Temporomandibular Joint Afferent Neurons
Flake, N., Bonebreak, D. B., & Gold, M. S. (2004) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00269.2004 · Cited by 125
Sex‐hormone‐induced inflammation and fibromuscular proliferation in the rat lateral prostate
Robinette, C. L. (1988) · The Prostate · doi:10.1002/pros.2990120310 · Cited by 125
Invited Review: Cardiovascular protective effects of 17β-estradiol metabolites
Dubey, R. K., & Jackson, E. K. (2001) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.2001.91.4.1868 · Cited by 124
The estrous cycle and estrogen modulate stress-induced analgesia.
Ryan, S. M., & Maier, S. F. (1988) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.102.3.371 · Cited by 124
Estrogen Induces Suppression of Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity and Augmentation of Polyclonal B Cell Activation
Nilsson, N., & Carlsten, H. (1994) · Cellular Immunology · doi:10.1006/cimm.1994.1262 · Cited by 124

Research works printed but not linked: 2

Nakaya, 2003, Estrogenic compounds suppressed interferon-γ production in mouse splenocytes through direct cell-cell interaction., In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim, 39, 383, 10.1290/1543-706X(2003)039<0383:ECSIPI>2.0.CO;2 · DOI
Aguirre, 1997, Sex hormone levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case control study., Arthritis Rheum, 40, S308

Sorted by citations

Sex differences in immune responses
Klein, S. L., & Flanagan, K. L. (2016) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri.2016.90 · Cited by 6,370
Sex, gender, and pain: a review of recent clinical and experimental findings
Fillingim, R. B., King, C. D., Ribeiro-Dasilva, M. C., Rahim-Williams, B., & Riley, J. L. (2009) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2008.12.001 · Cited by 2,766
Gender differences in autoimmune disease
Ngo, S. T., Steyn, F. J., & McCombe, P. A. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.04.004 · Cited by 1,074
The G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor GPER in health and disease
Prossnitz, E. R., & Barton, M. (2011) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2011.122 · Cited by 925
Inflammation and Pregnancy
Challis, J. R., Lockwood, C. J., Myatt, L., Norman, J. E., Strauss, J. F., & Petraglia, F. (2009) · Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.1177/1933719108329095 · Cited by 893

See all 1,950

Authors: Straub, R. H.
Affiliations: University Hospital Regensburg (DE)
Corresponding author: Straub, Rainer H.
ORCID: Straub, Rainer H.
Venue: Endocrine Reviews
Publisher: The Endocrine Society
Published: 2007-08-01
Volume: 28
Issue: 5
Pages: 521-574
ISSN: 0163-769X (ISSN-L)
1945-7189
DOI: 10.1210/er.2007-0001
OpenAlex: W2159203244
Cited by: 1,950
References: 604
Citations by year: 2026: 118 · 2025: 157 · 2024: 129 · 2023: 136 · 2022: 137 · 2021: 196 · 2020: 123 · 2019: 100 · 2018: 100 · 2017: 98 · 2016: 77 · 2015: 104 · 2014: 81 · 2013: 71 · 2012: 83
FWCI: 5.84
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Endocrine Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Estrogen and related hormone effects
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
Keywords: estrogen, inflammation, immunomodulation, estrogen receptor alpha, estrogen receptor beta, estradiol, estrogen metabolism, bone resorption, autoimmune disease, sepsis, trauma (physical injury), T cell activation, B cell activation, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, sympathetic nervous system, sensory nervous system, reproductive status
MeSH terms: Animals, Autoimmune Diseases, Cell Movement, Estrogens, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Leukocytes, Neovascularization, Pathologic, Pregnancy, Receptors, Estrogen, Estrogen Replacement Therapy, Apoptosis, Mice

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The Complex Role of Estrogens in Inflammation

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks