Elevated serum level of anti-Mullerian hormone in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: relationship to the ovarian follicle excess and to the follicular arrest
Abstract
The serum level of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), a product from granulosa cells involved in follicle growth, has been shown to correlate tightly with the small antral follicle number (FN) at ultrasonography (U/S) in women who do not have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Because PCOS is associated with a 2- to 3-fold increase in growing FN, we investigated whether an increased AMH serum level correlates to other hormonal and/or U/S features of PCOS. Serum AMH has been assayed in 104 women (59 symptomatic PCOS, 45 controls) between d 2 and 7 after the last either spontaneous or progestin-induced (in PCOS) menstrual period. Mean serum AMH level was markedly increased in the PCOS group (47.1 +/- 22.9 vs. 20.8 +/- 11.6 pmol/liter in controls; P < 0.0001), an increase in the same order of magnitude as the one of the FN in the 2- to 5-mm range at U/S (12.8 +/- 8.3 vs. 4.8 +/- 1.9; P < 0.0001, respectively). The ratio AMH/FN was similar between the two groups (4.8 +/- 3.4 vs. 4.8 +/- 2.9; P = 0.55). By simple regression, both in PCOS and controls, the AMH level was positively related to the 2- to 5-mm FN at U/S (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.03, respectively), but not to the 6- to 9-mm FN, and was negatively correlated to the serum FSH level (P < 0.02 and P < 0.04, respectively). AMH was also positively related to the serum testosterone and androstenedione levels, in PCOS exclusively (P < 0.0005 and <0.002, respectively). No relationship was found between AMH and age, serum estradiol, inhibin B, and LH levels in both groups. After multiple regression only the 2- to 5-mm FN remained significantly related to AMH in PCOS whereas testosterone, androstenedione, and FSH were no longer. In conclusion, the assay of the serum AMH may represent an important breakthrough in the diagnosis and in the understanding of PCOS. Our data suggest that the increase of AMH serum level in PCOS is the consequence of the androgen-induced excess in small antral FN and that each follicle produces a normal amount of AMH. We hypothesize that an increased AMH tone within the cohort could be involved in the follicular arrest of PCOS, by interacting negatively with FSH at the time of selection.
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AMH concentrations reflect ovarian reserve and are correlated with the number of growing follicles.
“AMH concentrations reflect ovarian reserve and are correlated with the number of growing follicles [149].”
From Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Presentation, and Treatment With Emphasis on Adolescent Girls (2019) · cites this paper as [149]
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- Authors
- Pigny, P., Merlen, E., Robert, Y., Cortet-Rudelli, C., Decanter, C., Jonard, S., & Dewailly, D.
- Affiliations
- Laboratory of Endocrinology (P.P.), 59037 Lille, France;
- Clinique Marc Linquette; Departments of Endocrine Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine (E.M., C.D., S.J., D.D.), 59037 Lille, France;
- Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre (FR)
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology (C.C.-R.), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, 59037 Lille, France
- Corresponding author
- Dewailly, Didier
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2003-12-01
- Volume
- 88
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 5957-5962
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2153731002
- Cited by
- 709
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 38
- FWCI
- 10.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Keywords
- anti-Müllerian hormone, polycystic ovary syndrome, antral follicle count, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone, androstenedione, granulosa cells, ovarian reserve, folliculogenesis, ovarian ultrasonography, inhibin B, estradiol, luteinizing hormone, progestins
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Glycoproteins, Ovarian Follicle, Hormones, Humans, Immunoassay, Obesity, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Testicular Hormones, Ultrasonography, Case-Control Studies, Anti-Mullerian Hormone
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