Adipose Tissue Metabolites and Insulin Resistance in Nondiabetic Asian Indian Men
Abstract
Obesity-related insulin resistance is associated with changes in adipose tissue release of leptin, adiponectin, and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs). We have previously described that persons originating from the Indian subcontinent (Asian Indians) manifest excessive insulin resistance even in the absence of obesity. Therefore, in this study, we tested the hypothesis that nondiabetic, insulin-resistant Asian Indians differ from less insulin-resistant Caucasians of similar age and body composition in adipose tissue production of leptin and adiponectin, and in suppression of plasma NEFA concentrations during hyperinsulinemia. Seventy-nine Asian Indian men were compared with 61 Caucasian men. Higher plasma NEFAs and leptin in Asian Indians (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.003 for NEFAs and leptin, respectively) and lower plasma concentrations of adiponectin (P = 0.009) were not explained by body fat content and distribution. Oral glucose tolerance test studies revealed that Caucasian men had greater suppression of plasma NEFAs than Asian Indian men. We conclude that plasma concentrations of the adipose tissue metabolites leptin and NEFAs are higher and that of adiponectin is lower in insulin-resistant Asian Indians compared with more insulin-sensitive Caucasians. These differences may contribute to the excessive prevalence of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in nonobese Asian Indians.
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Upper-body obesity features an unusually high release of nonesterified fatty acids from adipose tissue, which contributes to lipid accumulation outside adipose tissue.
“An interesting feature of upper-body obesity is an unusually high release of nonesterified fatty acids from adipose tissue 12,14,28 ; this contributes to accumulation of lipid in sites other than adipose tissue.”
From Diagnosis and Management of the Metabolic Syndrome: An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement (2005) · cites this paper as [14]
Many South Asians appear to be inherently insulin resistant, and this condition is worsened by mild abdominal obesity.
“Notable are many South Asians who appear to be inherently insulin resistant, 45 a condition that is exacerbated by mild abdominal obesity.14”
From Diagnosis and Management of the Metabolic Syndrome: An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement (2005) · cites this paper as [14]
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- Authors
- Abate, N., Chandalia, M., Snell, P. G., & Grundy, S. M.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Abate, Nicola
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2004-06
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2750-2755
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2066062695
- Cited by
- 201
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 11.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p01dk042582-04, 5k23rr016075-05)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-292-52)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK-42582, DK 02700)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000633, K23-RR-16075, M01 RR00633)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Keywords
- insulin resistance, leptin, adiponectin, free fatty acids, hyperinsulinemia, Asian Indians, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, ethnic differences, non-diabetic men
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adult, Blood Glucose, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Humans, India, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Male, Obesity, Proteins, Texas, Prevalence, Leptin, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, White People, Adiponectin
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