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A Healthy Body in a Healthy Mind--and Vice Versa--The Damaging Power of "Uncontrollable" Stress
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis together with the sympathetic system connect the brain with the periphery of the body (1) (Fig. 1). The central nervous system (CNS) centers of the HPA axis and the sympathetic system are, respectively, the parvicellular corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) neurons of the paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus and the noradrenergic neurons of the locus ceruleus/norepinephrine (LC/NE) nuclei of the brain stem. These neuronal centers innervate and stimulate each other and have both a baseline circadian and stress-related activity. The CRH/AVP and LC/NE neurons and their peripheral axes are heuristically known as the stress system. The secretion of the end-product of the HPA axis, cortisol, is kept by an elaborate negative feedback system within an optimal time-integrated narrow range, which is quite stable in an individual subject. That the body would have such a tightly regulated servo-control system suggests that excessive, unchecked activity could be detrimental to the organism.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Chrousos, G. P.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 1998-06-01
- Volume
- 83
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1842-1845
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2106749899
- Cited by
- 297
- References
- 5
- FWCI
- 4.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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