Effects of appraisal and coping on the neuroendocrine response to extreme stress
Abstract
Although many people are exposed to extreme stress, only some of them develop psychobiological disturbances that can lead to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or other posttrauma psychopathology. This paper examines the effects of different types of appraisal and coping to find clues to how individuals differ in their neuroendocrine responses to extreme stress. It proposes a conceptual model for components of the adult response to stressors. Threat appraisal and defensive coping may play crucial roles in determining the neuroendocrine response to trauma with potential mental health consequences, particularly PTSD.
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Recovery time from stress-induced PFC inhibition depends on stressor nature and intensity, environmental and genetic factors, and individual variability in coping.
“The length of time it would take for the stress-induced inhibition of PFC functioning to recover fully to baseline would depend on the nature and intensity of the stressor, interacting with environmental and genetic factors, as well as with individual variability in coping effectively with the stressor (Yehuda [403]; Olff et al. [404]; Nemeroff et al. [102]).”
From The Temporal Dynamics Model of Emotional Memory Processing: A Synthesis on the Neurobiological Basis of Stress-Induced Amnesia, Flashbulb and Traumatic Memories, and the Yerkes-Dodson Law (2007) · cites this paper as Olff et al. [404]
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- Authors
- Olff, M., Langeland, W., & Gersons, B. P. R.
- Affiliations
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Olff, Miranda
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-05
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 457-467
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2107694866
- Cited by
- 160
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 1.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Keywords
- threat appraisal, defensive coping, neuroendocrine response, extreme stress, post-traumatic stress disorder, trauma, individual differences, stress response
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Cognition, Defense Mechanisms, Humans, Models, Psychological, Neurosecretory Systems, Stress, Physiological
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