Ovarian and adrenal contribution to peripheral androgens during the menstrual cycle
Abstract
In order to assess the ovarian and adrenal contribution to peripheral levels of testosterone (T), 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), androstenedione (A), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate (DHEA-S) in premenopausal women, six normally menstruating subjects were studied during two complete mentrual cycles. The first cycle served as control and dexamethasone was given during the second cycle. Plasma cortisol (F) was measured to assess the degree of adrenal suppression. Plasma progesterone (P), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-P) and estradiol-17β (E2) served as indirect indices of ovulation. The estimation of plasma LH located the midcycle peak and the data for all steroids were evaluated in relation to the LH peak. All cycles studied were apparently ovulatory, as judged by the plasma levels of P, 17-P and E2. Dexamethasone treatment had no detectable effect on the levels of these three steroids. Assuming that dexamethasone suppressed completely the adrenal cortex and had no detectable effect on ovarian steroidogenesis, the following conclusions were made: 1) the adrenal contribution to peripheral T, DHT, A, DHEA and DHEA-S is relatively constant within random fluctuations throughout the menstrual cycle; 2) the ovarian contribution of peripheral T, A and DHEA-S reaches maximum levels at midcycle, whereas ovarian contribution to peripheral DHT and DHEA does not seem to be influenced by the menstrual cycle; 3) the ovary and the adrenal cortex contribute equally to peripheral T, DHT and A, except for peripheral A at midcycle when the ovarian contribution is twice that of the adrenal; and 4) peripheral DHEA and DHEA-S originate predominantly from the adrenal cortex which contributes 80% of DHEA and greater than 90% of DHEA-S.
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In women, testosterone and A4 demonstrate cyclic changes in concentration during the course of the menstrual cycle due to the ovarian contribution, with levels peaking mid-cycle.
“In women, testosterone and A4 demonstrate cyclic changes in concentration during the course of the menstrual cycle due to the ovarian contribution, with levels peaking mid-cycle [283,284].”
From Human steroid biosynthesis, metabolism and excretion are differentially reflected by serum and urine steroid metabolomes: a comprehensive review (2019) · cites this paper as [284]
In ZR-75-1 cells, concentrations of DHT in the incubation medium similar to the plasma levels found in normal women and breast cancer patients (0.3-0.7 nM) are potent inhibitors of the mitogenic effect of E2 and even inhibit growth in the absence of estrogens.
“In ZR-75-1 cells, concentrations of DHT in the incubation medium similar to the plasma levels found in normal women (215-217) and breast cancer patients (Ref.218; 0.3-0.7 nm) are potent inhibitors of the mitogenic effect of E 2 and even inhibit growth in the absence of estrogens (208).”
From Endocrine and intracrine sources of androgens in women: inhibition of breast cancer and other roles of androgens and their precursor dehydroepiandrosterone (2003) · cites this paper as [216]
4-Dione also led to significant growth inhibition in ZR-75-1 cells, although the active concentrations (IC50, 15 nM) are in the upper range of the plasma concentrations (1-10 nM) found in women.
“4-Dione also led to significant growth inhibition in ZR-75-1 cells, although the active concentrations (IC 50 , 15 nm) are in the upper range of the plasma concentrations (1-10 nm) found in women (215-218).”
From Endocrine and intracrine sources of androgens in women: inhibition of breast cancer and other roles of androgens and their precursor dehydroepiandrosterone (2003) · cites this paper as [216]
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Hormonal correlates of women's mid-cycle preference for the scent of symmetry
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Clinical biochemistry of dihydrotestosterone
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Endocrinology of human female sexuality, mating, and reproductive behavior
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Endocrine disruption of oestrogen action and female reproductive tract cancers
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Self-citation
- Authors
- ABRAHAM, G. E.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- ABRAHAM, GUY E.
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 1974-08
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 340-346
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2107541080
- Cited by
- 436
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 10.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH Clinical Center
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Keywords
- menstrual cycle, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA sulfate, ovarian steroidogenesis, adrenal cortex, dexamethasone suppression, cortisol, luteinizing hormone, premenopausal women
- MeSH terms
- Adrenal Glands, Adult, Androgens, Androstenedione, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Dexamethasone, Estradiol, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Hydroxyprogesterones, Menstruation, Ovary, Ovulation, Progesterone, Testosterone
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