Cited by 113Adrenal Hormones and DisordersHormonal Regulation and HypertensionHormonal and reproductive studies

Adrenal Androgens and Androgen Precursors-Definition, Synthesis, Regulation and Physiologic Actions

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Turcu, Adina, Smith, Joshua M., Auchus, Richard, Rainey, William E.·2014·Comprehensive physiology

Abstract

The human adrenal produces more 19 carbon (C19) steroids, by mass, than either glucocorticoids or mineralocorticoids. However, the mechanisms regulating adrenal C19 steroid biosynthesis continue to represent one of the most intriguing mysteries of endocrine physiology. This review will discuss the C19 steroids synthesized by the human adrenal and the features within the adrenal that allow production of these steroids. Finally, we consider the effects of these steroids in normal physiology and disorders of adrenal C19 steroid excess.

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Crossref · 10.1002/cphy.c140006

Cites

196 of 196 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • The circadian rhythmicity of cortisol is regulated via ACTH as dictated by the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus.

    “The circadian rhythmicity of cortisol is regulated via ACTH (18) as dictated by the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (19).”

    From 24-Hour Profiles of 11-Oxygenated C19 Steroids and Δ5-Steroid Sulfates during Oral and Continuous Subcutaneous Glucocorticoids in 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (2021) · cites this paper as [18]

    In “Mechanisms regulating adrenal C19 steroid production” (page unavailable), the paper links ACTH to cortisol regulation and says C19 steroids show a diurnal pattern resembling ACTH levels. It does not establish that ACTH regulates cortisol’s circadian rhythm. The suprachiasmatic-nucleus clause has a separate citation and is not judged here. (LLM, conf=0.79)

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Research works printed but not linked: 6

  1. [19]Bongiovanni AM The adrenogenital syndrome with deficiency of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase The Journal of clinical investigation 41 2086 1962 13968789 PMC291138
  2. [21]Bose HS Sugawara T Strauss JF III Miller WL The pathophysiology and genetics of congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia The New England journal of medicine 335 1870 1878 1996 8948562
  3. [41]Dhom G The Prepuberal and Puberal Growth of the Adrenal (Adrenarche) Beiträge zur Pathologie 150 357 377 1973 4785066
  4. [50]Flück CE Miller WL Auchus RJ The 17, 20-lyase activity of cytochrome P450c17 from human fetal testis favors the Δ5 steroidogenic pathway The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 88 3762 3766 2003 12915666
  5. [110]Moisan AM Ricketts ML Tardy V Desrochers M Mebarki F Chaussain JL Cabrol S Raux-Demay MC Forest MG Sippell WG Peter M Morel Y Simard J New insight into the molecular basis of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency: identification of eight mutations in the HSD3B2 gene eleven patients from seven new families and comparison of the functional properties of twenty-five mutant enzymes The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 84 4410 4425 1999 10599696
  6. [169]Thomas JL Myers RP Strickler RC Human placental 3β-hydroxy-5-ene-steroid dehydrogenase and steroid 5/4-ene-isomerase: purification from mitochondria and kinetic profiles, biophysical characterization of the purified mitochondrial and microsomal enzymes Journal of steroid biochemistry 33 209 217 1989 2770297

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Authors
Turcu, A., Smith, J. M., Auchus, R., & Rainey, W. E.
Affiliations
  • University of Michigan (US)
  • The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
Venue
Comprehensive physiology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2014-09-30
Volume
4
Issue
4
Pages
1369-1381
ISSN
2040-4603 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1849978496
Cited by
113
References
196
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 4
Type
other
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Comprehensive physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK069950)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
Keywords
adrenal androgens, androgen precursors, C19 steroids, adrenal steroidogenesis, steroidogenesis regulation, adrenal cortex
MeSH terms
Adrenal Glands, Androgens, Androstanes, Animals, Humans

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