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Cited by 155Diet, Metabolism, and DiseasePancreatic function and diabetesDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

Insulin Resistance and β-Cell Dysfunction in Aging: The Importance of Dietary Carbohydrate*

CHEN, M., BERGMAN, R. N., PORTE, D.·1988·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
DOI 10.1210/jcem-67-5-951
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Abstract

Aging is associated with a progressive decrease in glucose tolerance. This decrease is associated with insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction. This study was performed to evaluate the possible role of dietary factors in the glucose intolerance of aging. Two groups of men were studied: one young (Y; n = 8; age range, 18-36 yr) and one elderly (E; n = 10; age range, 65-82 yr). Frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance tests were performed in random order: 1) during ad libitum home dietary conditions; 2) after a 3- to 5-day regimen of very high (85%) carbohydrate intake; and 3) after a 3- to 5-day regimen of low (30%) carbohydrate intake (Y only). From the frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance test data, we calculated the glucose disappearance rate (Kg) and metabolic parameters according to the minimal model method, including the insulin sensitivity index (S1) and the first and second phase beta-cell responsivity to glucose (phi 1 and phi 2). The elderly men, while eating an ad libitum diet, were less tolerant to glucose than the young [mean Kg: E = 1.5 +/- 0.2% (+/- SE) min-1; Y = 2.3 +/- 0.3% min-1; P less than 0.025], had relative insulin resistance (mean Si: Y = 6.1 +/- 1.1; E = 2.4 +/- 0.7 min-1 10(-4)/(microU/mL) [0.85 +/- 0.15 vs. 0.33 +/- 0.10 min-1 10(-4)/(pmol/L)]; P less than 0.01), and lesser second phase beta-cell responsiveness to glucose (mean phi 2: Y = 18.5 +/- 3.6; E = 8.7 +/- 2.7 (microU/mL).min-2/(mg/dL) [2390 +/- 465 vs. 1120 +/- 349 (pmol/L).min-2/(mmol/L)]; P less than 0.05). A maximum improvement in Kg and S1 occurred at 41% carbohydrate feeding in the young men, whereas in the elderly men there was a significant increase in both of these parameters while eating the very high (85%) carbohydrate diet. Thus, the difference in glucose tolerance between groups was corrected by the very high carbohydrate diet (mean Kg: Y = 2.2 +/- 0.2%; E = 2.0 +/- 0.3%/min; P greater than 0.05), as was the age-related difference in insulin sensitivity (mean S1: Y = 5.6 +/- 1.2; E = 4.4 +/- 1.3 min-1 10(-4)/(microU/mL) [0.78 +/- 0.17 vs. 0.61 +/- 0.18 min-1 10(-4)/(pmol/L)]; P greater than 0.5).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Authors
CHEN, M., BERGMAN, R. N., & PORTE, D.
Affiliations
University of Southern California (US)
ORCID
BERGMAN, R. N.
Venue
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Publisher
The Endocrine Society
Published
1988-11
Volume
67
Issue
5
Pages
951-957
ISSN
  • 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
  • 1945-7197
DOI
10.1210/jcem-67-5-951
OpenAlex
W2074734623
Cited by
155
References
32
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
FWCI
4.05
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK 12829, DK-17047, DK29867)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords
aging, insulin resistance, beta-cell dysfunction, dietary carbohydrates, glucose tolerance, glucose disappearance rate, insulin sensitivity, second-phase insulin response, high-carbohydrate diet, low-carbohydrate diet, older men, minimal model analysis, glucose tolerance test
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Blood Glucose, Dietary Carbohydrates, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Islets of Langerhans, Male

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