The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 3 of the 17 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans
Abstract
Insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes and is associated with obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors. The "gold standard" glucose clamp and minimal model analysis are two established methods for determining insulin sensitivity in vivo, but neither is easily implemented in large studies. Thus, it is of interest to develop a simple, accurate method for assessing insulin sensitivity that is useful for clinical investigations. We performed both hyperinsulinemic isoglycemic glucose clamp and insulin-modified frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance tests on 28 nonobese, 13 obese, and 15 type 2 diabetic subjects. We obtained correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity from glucose clamp studies (SI(Clamp)) and minimal model analysis (SI(MM)) that were comparable to previous reports (r = 0.57). We performed a sensitivity analysis on our data and discovered that physiological steady state values [i.e. fasting insulin (I(0)) and glucose (G(0))] contain critical information about insulin sensitivity. We defined a quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI = 1/[log(I(0)) + log(G(0))]) that has substantially better correlation with SI(Clamp) (r = 0.78) than the correlation we observed between SI(MM) and SI(Clamp). Moreover, we observed a comparable overall correlation between QUICKI and SI(Clamp) in a totally independent group of 21 obese and 14 nonobese subjects from another institution. We conclude that QUICKI is an index of insulin sensitivity obtained from a fasting blood sample that may be useful for clinical research.
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Claims the paper makes
45 Own result · 21 Own interpretation · 8 No basis given · 3 Sources not found · 3 No full text of the sources · 2 Supported so far · 2 Not checked yet · 2 Own method · 1 Partly supported · accuracy not yet measured
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“A well accepted alternative for estimating insulin sensitivity involves minimal model analysis of a frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT) (9 -11).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > I NSULIN IS
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [9] Bergman, 1987, Equivalence of the insulin sensitivity index in man derived by the minimal model method and the euglycemic glucose clamp., J Clin Invest source
The Introduction describes minimal-model analysis of a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test as an alternative to the glucose clamp. The Discussion reports that it yielded an equivalent measure of insulin sensitivity in the study, while noting that wider validation would be needed before recommending general use. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] 1989, Lilly lecture 1989. Toward physiological understanding of glucose tolerance. Minimal-model approach., Diabetes source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [11] Saad, 1997, Differences between the tolbutamide-boosted and the insulin-modified minimal model protocols., Diabetes source
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, we observed a comparable overall correlation between QUICKI and SI Clamp in a totally independent group of 21 obese and 14 nonobese subjects from another institution.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 14- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, as expected, the obese and diabetic subjects were significantly more insulin resistant than the nonobese subjects (P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ).”
- Also stated in: § Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity · plain
“As expected, when subjects were evaluated with the gold standard glucose clamp method, obese subjects were more insulin resistant, on the average, than nonobese subjects, and diabetics were the most insulin-resistant group.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp studies
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We performed a sensitivity analysis on our data and discovered that physiological steady state values [i.e.fasting insulin (I 0 ) and glucose (G 0 )] contain critical information about insulin sensitivity.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, the linear regression analysis of the subgroups corresponded more closely to the overall regression line when comparing QUICKI and SI Clamp .”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, QUICKI derived from the average results of two fasting blood samples (over 10 min) was similar to QUICKI calculated from a single sample.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interestingly, we found that the product of fasting insulin and glucose yielded an index of insulin sensitivity that was applicable to both dia-betic and nondiabetic subjects.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plaincorrelationaln = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The basal glucose levels in the diabetic group were significantly elevated compared with those in the other groups (166 Ϯ 15 mg/dL; P Ͻ 4 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Insulin-modified FSIVGTT studies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Note that in contrast to the minimal model-derived SI MM , we were able to calculate meaningful values of QUICKI for all diabetic subjects studied.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“QUICKI was calculated for all study subjects (mean, 0.382 Ϯ 0.007, 0.331 Ϯ 0.010, and 0.304 Ϯ 0.007 for nonobese, obese, and diabetic subjects, respectively).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
- It may state two separate claims as one. 15
- The quote only partly states this claim. 2
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Alternatively, periodic oscillations in insulin secretion (both ultradian and 10-to 15-min periods) have been reported in healthy subjects and may also contribute to the weaker correlation in this subgroup (21,22).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [21] Polonsky, 1998, Temporal profiles and clinical significance of pulsatile insulin secretion., Horm Res source
- Supportedcites [22] Polonsky, 1988, Twenty-four-hour profiles and pulsatile patterns of insulin secretion in normal and obese subjects., J Clin Invest source
The Discussion ('O Normal') describes rapid insulin pulsations in the 10–14-minute range and slower ultradian oscillations of 1–3 hours. It presents the slower oscillations in normal subjects as a finding of this study and reports the rapid pulsations from earlier studies, supporting the claim that both have been reported in healthy subjects. (LLM, conf=0.93)
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Alternatively, periodic oscillations in insulin secretion (both ultradian and 10-to 15-min periods) have been reported in healthy subjects and may also contribute to the weaker correlation in this subgroup (21,22).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [21] Polonsky, 1998, Temporal profiles and clinical significance of pulsatile insulin secretion., Horm Res source
- Partly supportedcites [22] Polonsky, 1988, Twenty-four-hour profiles and pulsatile patterns of insulin secretion in normal and obese subjects., J Clin Invest sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The discussion (section “O Normal”; page not provided) reports ultradian insulin-secretion oscillations in normal subjects and describes rapid 10–14-minute pulsations. It does not examine QUICKI, clamp-derived insulin sensitivity, or whether oscillations weaken the correlation between them in a nonobese subgroup. (LLM, conf=0.86)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We obtained correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity from glucose clamp studies (SI Clamp ) and minimal model analysis (SI MM ) that were com-parable to previous reports (r ϭ 0.57).”
- Also stated in: § Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity · plain
“The overall correlation coefficient (r) calculated from a linear least squares regression was 0.57 (P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, linear regression analysis for the subgroups revealed that the regression line for the diabetic and obese subgroups had a very different slope than that for the nonobese group.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When correlations between QUICKI and SI Clamp were calculated for each group separately, we found that r ϭ 0.49 for nonobese subjects (P Ͻ 0.01), r ϭ 0.89 for obese subjects (P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ), and r ϭ 0.7 for diabetic subjects (P Ͻ 4 ϫ 10 Ϫ3 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Reassuringly, in these independent studies, we found that the overall correlation between QUICKI and SI Clamp was similar to that in our original analysis (r ϭ 0.77; P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ11 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Both obese and diabetic subjects had significantly greater BMIs and fasting insulin levels than the nonobese subjects (P Ͻ 6 ϫ 10 Ϫ6 ), consistent with the presence of obesity and insulin resistance.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Study subjects
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This analysis yielded r ϭ 0.74 for obese subjects (n ϭ 21) and r ϭ 0.91 for nonobese subjects (n ϭ 14), with an overall correlation coefficient of r ϭ 0.90 (n ϭ 35).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
plaincorrelationaln = 35- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the correlation coefficient for the nonobese subgroup was 0.49, and the greatest variability in the correlation between QUICKI and SI Clamp was observed among the most insulin-sensitive subjects.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As expected, the fasting glucose levels for both nonobese and obese groups were normal, whereas the diabetic group had elevated levels.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Study subjects
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similar to our results from glucose clamp studies (and in contrast to minimal model results), insulin sensitivity as assessed by QUICKI was highest in the nonobese group, intermediate in the obese group, and lowest in the diabetic group.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes and is associated with obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors.”
- Also stated in: § I NSULIN IS · plain
“plays an important pathophysiological role in diabetes (1,2).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] 1988, Lilly lecture 1987. The triumvirate: β-cell, muscle, liver. A collusion responsible for NIDDM., Diabetes
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] DeFronzo, 1992, Pathogenesis of NIDDM. A balanced overview., Diabetes Care source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Also stated in: § I NSULIN IS · plain
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Steady state conditions were generally achieved about 2 h after the initiation of each study and were maintained for at least 60 min.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp studies
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The overall correlation we obtained between SI Clamp and SI MM was comparable to previous reports whose study subjects included diabetics, suggesting that our studies were technically adequate.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, QUICKI provides a reproducible and robust estimate of insulin sensitivity, because equally strong correlations with SI Clamp were obtained when fasting data from either the glucose clamp or FSIVGTT studies were used to calculate QUICKI.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, this effect is unlikely to be occurring in our studies, because fasting samples were obtained at the same time in the morning for each subject, and calculating QUICKI from the average of several blood samples (instead of a single sample) did not significantly affect our correlations.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, in analyzing an independent dataset, we observed very similar correlations between QUICKI and SI Clamp , strongly suggesting that QUICKI is a robust index of insulin sensitivity.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Relative merits of QUICKI
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The inability of the minimal model to identify meaningful values for SI MM in a large fraction of our diabetic subjects is consistent with the experience of others and is most likely related to well described difficulties in estimating SI MM under conditions of inadequate insulin secretion (12).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] Saad, 1994, A comparison between the minimal model and the glucose clamp in the assessment of insulin sensitivity across the spectrum of glucose tolerance. Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study., Diabetes source
hedgedconditionaln = 7- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Studies in the same subject were performed at least 1 week apart, and the order of the studies was randomized.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Subjects and Methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We conclude that QUICKI is an index of insulin sensitivity obtained from a fasting blood sample that may be useful for clinical research.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“QUICKI is a novel, simple, accurate, and reproducible method for determining insulin sensitivity in humans that may be a useful tool in large epidemiological investigations that study the role of insulin resistance in the pathophysiology of important public health problems such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Relative merits of QUICKI
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Potential limitations to QUICKI include difficulty in applying it to subjects with type 1 diabetes who lack endogenous insulin secretion.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Relative merits of QUICKI
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
The glucose clamp is the gold standard method for directly measuring insulin sensitivity in vivo.
“Although the glucose clamp is considered to be the gold standard method for directly measuring insulin sensitivity in vivo, it can be implemented in a number of different ways.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The distribution of fasting insulin values is skewed.
“One rational for these transformations is the fact that the distribution of fasting insulin values is skewed.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A recent placebo-controlled trial of ursodiol in NASH found that a proportion of patients receiving placebo had decreases in steatosis, but that improvements in inflammation and cell injury were uncommon.30”
From A pilot study of pioglitazone treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (2004) · cites this paper as [30]
In the citing paper
“ndirect estimates of insulin resistance, such as HOMA-IR 63 and QUICKI, 64 are derived from fasting S-insulin and glucose concentrations and have been widely used in both nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects as surrogates of insulin sensitivity.65,66”
From Increased liver fat, impaired insulin clearance, and hepatic and adipose tissue insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. (2008) · cites this paper as [64]
Citations
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Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
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Glucose clamp technique: a method for quantifying insulin secretion and resistance.
DeFronzo, R. A., Tobin, J. D., & Andres, R. (1979) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1979.237.3.e214 · Cited by 7,425
Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus (1997) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.20.7.1183 · Cited by 6,220
The Triumvirate: β-Cell, Muscle, Liver: A Collusion Responsible for NIDDM
DeFronzo, R. A. (1988) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.37.6.667 · Cited by 2,456
Pathogenesis of NIDDM. A balanced overview.
DeFronzo, R. A., Bonadonna, R. C., & Ferrannini, E. (1992) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.15.3.318 · Cited by 2,085
Reaven, G. M., Lithell, H., & Landsberg, L. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199602083340607 · Cited by 1,435
Toward Physiological Understanding of Glucose Tolerance: Minimal-Model Approach
Bergman, R. N. (1989) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.38.12.1512 · Cited by 1,001
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Items 601–700 of 3,800
Correlates of increased lean muscle mass in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Carmina, E., Guastella, E., Longo, R. A., Rini, G. B., & Løbo, R. A. (2009) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-09-0398 · Cited by 79
Specht, B. J., Wadwa, R. P., Snell‐Bergeon, J. K., Nadeau, K. J., Bishop, F. K., & Maahs, D. M. (2012) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.07.036 · Cited by 77
Bastard, J., Vandernotte, J.-M., Faraj, M., Karelis, A. D., Messier, L., Malita, F. M., Garrel, D. R., Prud’homme, D., & RABASA-LHORET, R. P. R. (2007) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2007.02.004 · Cited by 78
Gan, L., Meng, Z., Xiong, R.-B., Guo, J., Xiao-cui, L., Zheng, Z.-W., Deng, Y., Luo, B., Zou, F., & Li, H. (2015) · Acta Pharmacologica Sinica · doi:10.1038/aps.2015.11 · Cited by 78
Kelishadi, R., Hashemipour, M., Mohammadifard, N., Alikhasi, H., & Adeli, K. (2008) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03220.x · Cited by 78
Association Studies on Ghrelin and Ghrelin Receptor Gene Polymorphisms With Obesity
Gueorguiev, M., Lecœur, C., Meyre, D., Benzinou, M., Mein, C. A., Hinney, A., Vatin, V., Weill, J., Heude, B., Hebebrand, J., et al. (2009) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2008.589 · Cited by 79
“Insulin sensitivity was assessed with the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (1/(log (fasting insulin) + log (fasting glucose))) (53), which has been validated in obese children and adolescents and shown to have similar sensitivity and specificity to other indices of insulin resistance such as homeostasis mo…”
MethodYan, Z., Fan, R., Yin, S., Zhao, X., Liu, J., Li, L., Zhang, W., & Ge, L. (2015) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.05.054 · Cited by 79
Tarantino, G., Citro, V., Balsano, C., & Capone, D. (2020) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics10060395 · Cited by 77
“%) was also measured, with range between 0.45 in healthy individuals and 0.30 in diabetics [19].”
InfluentialChatree, S., Sitticharoon, C., Maikaew, P., Pongwattanapakin, K., Keadkraichaiwat, I., Churintaraphan, M., Sripong, C., Sririwichitchai, R., & Tapechum, S. (2020) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1177/1535370220962708 · Cited by 82
Ambrosi, B., Masserini, B., Iorio, L., Delnevo, A., Malavazos, A. E., Morricone, L. F., Sburlati, L. F., & Orsi, E. (2010) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/bf03346663 · Cited by 77
Stovall, D. W., Bailey, A. P., & Pastore, L. M. (2010) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2010.2053 · Cited by 77
“Insulin resistant (Io> 20) n1⁄4 0 n1⁄4 10, 21% (7-28) 0.”
Eguchi, Y., Mizuta, T., Sumida, Y., Ishibashi, E., Kitajima, Y., Isoda, H., Horie, H., Tashiro, T., Iwamoto, E., Takahashi, K., et al. (2010) · Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s00535-010-0340-3 · Cited by 76
“Primarily, skeletal muscle IR was calculated with the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), using the following formula: QUICKI = 1/[log fasting plasma insulin (lU/mL) ? log fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)] [ 6 ].”
MethodZumba® Dance Improves Health in Overweight/Obese or Type 2 Diabetic Women
Krishnan, S., Tokar, T. N., Boylan, M. M., Griffin, K., Du, F., McMurry, L. J., Esperat, C., & Cooper, J. A. (2014) · American Journal of Health Behavior · doi:10.5993/ajhb.39.1.12 · Cited by 79
Assessing and treating insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome
Traub, M. (2011) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v2.i3.33 · Cited by 77
Duration of overweight and metabolic health risk in American men and women
Janssen, I., Katzmarzyk, P. T., & Ross, R. (2004) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.01.007 · Cited by 78
Weber-Hamann, B., Kratzsch, J., Kopf, D., et al. (2006) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.01.002 · Cited by 77
Vitamin D Receptor Fok-I Polymorphism Modulates Diabetic Host Response to Vitamin D Intake
Neyestani, T. R., Djazayery, A., Shab‐Bidar, S., Eshraghian, M. R., Kalayi, A., Shariátzadeh, N., Khalaji, N., Zahedirad, M., Gharavi, A., Houshiarrad, A., et al. (2012) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-0919 · Cited by 77
“Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a significant time effect (i.e., within-subject difference over time) for 25(OH)D (P , 0.001), iPTH (P , 0.001), fat mass (P , 0.001), waist circumference (P = 0.002), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (P = 0.003), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P = 0.001), FSG (P, 0.001), HbA1c (P, 0.001…”
MethodInfluentialRajala, U., Laakso, M., Päivänsalo, M. J., Pelkonen, O., Suramo, I., & Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S. M. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2002-020703 · Cited by 76
“78 being higher for obese than nonobese subjects (24).”
BackgroundGannagé‐Yared, M., Fares, F., Semaan, M., Khalife, S., & Jambart, S. (2006) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2006.02522.x · Cited by 76
Dashti, H. S., Smith, C. E., Lee, Y., Parnell, L. D., Lai, C., Arnett, D. K., Ordovás, J. M., & Garaulet, M. (2014) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2014.886587 · Cited by 80
“1/(log (fasting insulin mU/mL) + log (fasting glucose mg/ dL))) was used to assess IS (Katz et al., 2000).”
MethodAssessment of methods and indexes of insulin sensitivity
Patarrão, R. S., Lautt, W. W., & Macedo, M. P. (2014) · Endocrinology Insights · doi:10.1016/j.rpedm.2013.10.004 · Cited by 92
Rosso, C., Mezzabotta, L., Gaggini, M., Salomone, F., Gambino, R., Marengo, A., Saba, F., Vanni, E., Younes, R., Saponaro, C., et al. (2015) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.28287 · Cited by 76
“Fasting insulin (mU/mL) 12 (11-14) 15 (8-25) 0.”
Menon, D. V., Arbique, D., Wang, Z., ADAMS-HUET, B. A., Auchus, R. J., & Vongpatanasin, W. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2008-2660 · Cited by 76
“Nevertheless, both HOMA-IR and QUICKI have been validated against the hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp and shown to be reliable indices of insulin sensitivity (18, 19).”
MethodInfluentialWeight and metabolic effects of cpap in obstructive sleep apnea patients with obesity
Garcia, J. M., Sharafkhaneh, H., Hirshkowitz, M., Elkhatib, R., & Sharafkhaneh, A. (2011) · Respiratory Research · doi:10.1186/1465-9921-12-80 · Cited by 75
“Estimates of insulin resistance from both indices correlate well with estimates from the “gold standard” hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp method [10,11].”
MethodInsulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome—or the pitfalls of epidemiology
Yudkin, J. S. (2007) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-007-0711-3 · Cited by 75
“Other estimates of insulin resistance that are based on a combination of fasting and post-load insulin concentrations can also be used [29, 30].”
Hyperinsulinemia: A unifying theory of chronic disease?
Crofts, C. A. P. (2015) · Diabesity · doi:10.15562/diabesity.2015.19 · Cited by 75
Arslanian, S. A., Kim, J. Y., Nasr, A., Bacha, F. F., Tfayli, H. M., Lee, S., & Toledo, F. G. S. (2017) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.12562 · Cited by 82
“Additionally, a previously validated insulin sensitivity index (SIclamp) that normalizes Rd for the delta increase in insulin concentration from fasting to clamp steady-state, and for steady-state glucose concentration was calculated (Rd × 10 000)/ (steady-state glucose × [steady-state − fasting insulin]).(29) Metabol…”
MethodYari, Z., Cheraghpour, M., Alavian, S. M., Hedayati, M., Eini‐Zinab, H., & Hekmatdoost, A. (2020) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/s41430-020-0679-3 · Cited by 75
Priano, L., Miscio, G., Grugni, G., Milano, E., Baudo, S., Sellitti, L., Picconi, R., & Mauro, A. (2008) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2008.09.011 · Cited by 77
“The alteration of the thermal thresholds was not related to BMI, and the key finding of that study was the apparent exclusive relationship between thermal sensory threshold with hyperinsulinemia and low insulin-sensitivity, as documented by the decreased values of QUICKI.”
MethodInfluentialNgo, D. T. M., Chan, W. P. A., Rajendran, S., Heresztyn, T., Amarasekera, A. T., Sverdlov, A. L., O’Loughlin, P. D., Morris, H. A., Chirkov, Y. Y., Norman, R. J., et al. (2011) · Nitric Oxide · doi:10.1016/j.niox.2011.06.005 · Cited by 73
Endo, S., Maeda, K., Suto, M., Kaji, T., Morine, M., Kinoshita, T., Yasui, T., & Irahara, M. (2006) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/09513590600724836 · Cited by 74
“QUICKI is identical to the simple equation form of the HOMA model in all respects except that it uses a log transform of the insulin glucose product [13].”
MethodHenderson, M., RABASA-LHORET, R. P. R., Bastard, J., Chiasson, J. L., Baillargeon, J., Hanley, J. A., & Lambert, M. A. (2010) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2010.06.008 · Cited by 75
Diamanti‐Kandarakis, E., Alexandraki, K., Piperi, C., Aessopos, A., Paterakis, T., Katsikis, I., & Panidis, D. (2006) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2006.09.006 · Cited by 75
“[23].”
Lopes, W. A., Leite, N., da Silva, L. R., Brunelli, D. T., Gáspari, A. F., Radominski, R. B., Chacon‐Mikahil, M. P. T., & Cavaglieri, C. R. (2016) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2016.1142107 · Cited by 82
Abbasi, F., & Reaven, G. M. (2002) · Metabolism · doi:10.1053/meta.2002.28970 · Cited by 75
Salinari, S., BERTUZZI, A., Guidone, C., Previti, E., Rubino, F., & Mingrone, G. (2012) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0b013e318269cf5c · Cited by 74
Catalán, V., Gómez‐Ambrosi, J., Rodrı́guez, A., Ramírez, B., Silva, C., Rotellar, F., Hernández-Lizoáin, J. L., Baixauli, J., Valentí, V., Pardo, F., et al. (2010) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.04.015 · Cited by 76
“5] and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) [1/(log fasting insulin (μU/ml)+log fasting glucose (mg/dl)] indices [42,43].”
BackgroundDuca, L. M., Maahs, D. M., Schauer, I. E., Bergman, B. C., Nadeau, K. J., Bjornstad, P., Rewers, M., & Snell‐Bergeon, J. K. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-3272 · Cited by 76
Hernández-Baixauli, J., Quesada‐Vázquez, S., Mariné-Casadó, R., Cardoso, K. G., Caimari, A., Bas-Prior, J. M. D., Escoté, X., & Baselga‐Escudero, L. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12030806 · Cited by 74
“5)) [89], as well as the QUICKI index (QUICKI =1/(Log Insulin (μU/mL) + Log Glucose (mmol/L)), which is considered a measure of insulin sensitivity [91].”
BackgroundUçak, S., Ekmekci, T., Basat, O., Koslu, A., & Altuntaş, Y. (2006) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2006.01499.x · Cited by 81
Muscle-Strengthening Activity and Its Association With Insulin Sensitivity
Cheng, Y. J., Gregg, E. W., de Rekeneire, N., Williams, D. E., Imperatore, G., Caspersen, C. J., & Kahn, H. S. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc07-0372 · Cited by 71
Retinol to Retinol-Binding Protein (RBP) Is Low in Obese Adults due to Elevated apo -RBP
Mills, J. P., Furr, H. C., & Tanumihardjo, S. A. (2008) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.3181/0803-rm-94 · Cited by 73
“The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was calculated as follows: QUICKI 1⁄4 1/[log(insulin (lU/mL) þ log(glucose (mg/dL)] (26).”
MethodResultThe DASH Diet and Insulin Sensitivity
Hinderliter, A. L., Babyak, M. A., Sherwood, A., & Blumenthal, J. A. (2010) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-010-0168-5 · Cited by 81
“[48]; and also by using the Insulin Sensitivity Index (ISI0,120), a method based on dynamic glucose and insulin levels [49].”
Svegliati‐Baroni, G., Bugianesi, E., Bouserhal, T., Marini, F., Ridolfi, F., Tarsetti, F., Ancarani, F., Petrelli, E., Peruzzi, E., Cascio, M. L., et al. (2007) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.2006.107946 · Cited by 73
Ozgu-Erdinc, A. S., Yılmaz, S., Yeral, M. İ., Seçkin, K. D., Erkaya, S., & Danışman, A. N. (2014) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.3109/14767058.2014.973397 · Cited by 76
“insulin mU/L) + log(fasting glucose mg/dL)) [13].”
Leptin Levels among Prepubertal Children with Down Syndrome Compared with Their Siblings
Magge, S. N., O’Neill, K. L., Shults, J., et al. (2007) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.08.008 · Cited by 74
“5), which are validated measures of insulin resistance in children (18,19).”
BackgroundPolyunsaturated fatty acids and type 2 diabetes: Impact on the glycemic control mechanism
Coelho, O. G. L., da Silva, B. P., Rocha, D. M. U. P., Lopes, L. L., & Alfenas, R. D. C. G. (2016) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2015.1130016 · Cited by 73
Guillet, C., Zangarelli, A., Gachon, P., Morio, B., Giraudet, C., Rousset, P., & Boirie, Y. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-031323 · Cited by 80
“The differentiation between IS-E (n 12) and IR-E (n 12) elderly subjects, with six IS-E and six IR-E subjects per clamp, was determined on the basis of both insulin clamp data [whole body glucose disposal (GDR)/insulinemia] (21) and a classical index of clamp-derived insulin sensitivity [glucose infusion rate/(glycemi…”
MethodTan, M. H., Johns, D., Strand, J., Halse, J., Madsbad, S., Eriksson, J. W., Clausen, J., Konkoy, C. S., Herz, M., & for the GLAC Study Group (2004) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01258.x · Cited by 73
PATEL, P., PORETSKY, L., & LIAO, E. (2010) · Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1111/j.1753-0407.2009.00057.x · Cited by 73
Lazzeri, C., Sori, A., Chiostri, M., Gensini, G. F., & Valente, S. (2009) · European Journal of Anaesthesiology · doi:10.1097/eja.0b013e32832a235c · Cited by 73
Catalán, V., Gómez‐Ambrosi, J., Pastor, C., Rotellar, F., Silva, C., Rodrı́guez, A., Gil, M. J., Cienfuegos, J. A., Salvador, J., Vendrell, J. J., et al. (2008) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-008-9453-7 · Cited by 71
“Insulin sensitivity was calculated using the homeostatic model assessment and quantitative insulin sensitivity check indices [26, 27 ].”
MethodGong, H., Tan, H., Fang, N., Song, T., Li, S., Zhong, M., Zhang, W., & Zhang, Y. (2009) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2008.10.018 · Cited by 72
A 20-Year Follow-up of Young Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Dungan, J. S. (2012) · Yearbook of Obstetrics Gynecology and Women s Health · doi:10.1016/j.yobg.2012.06.193 · Cited by 72
Nash, M. S., Tractenberg, R. E., Mendez, A. J., David, M., Ljungberg, I. H., Tinsley, E. A., Burns-Drecq, P., Betancourt, L. F., & Groah, S. L. (2016) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2016.07.002 · Cited by 73
Yang, Y., Qiu, W., Xiao, J., Sun, J., Ren, X., & Jiang, L. (2024) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-024-05060-7 · Cited by 77
“The estimation of hepatic insulin sensitivity was conducted using the quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI), which was derived as 1/log (fasting insulin [mU/L]) + log (fasting glucose [mg/dL]) [20, 21].”
MethodFactors Determining Insulin Resistance in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients
Hung, A. M., & Ikizler, T. A. (2011) · Contributions to nephrology · doi:10.1159/000327177 · Cited by 72
Beltrand, J., Nicolescu, R. C., Kaguelidou, F., Verkauskienė, R., Sibony, O., Chevenne, D., Claris, O., & Lévy‐Marchal, C. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005343 · Cited by 72
“Insulin sensitivity was assessed using the index QUICKI (Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index) that was calculated as: QUICKI = 1/(log (fasting insulin)+log (fasting glucose)) [31].”
MethodMetabolic Syndrome Is Associated with Learning and Recall Impairment in Middle Age
Hassenstab, J. J., Sweat, V., Bruehl, H., & Convit, A. J. (2010) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000296071 · Cited by 71
“A QUICKI of less than or equal to 0.350 is considered an indicator of insulin resistance [”
BackgroundInfluentialAxelsson, J., Møller, H. J., Witasp, A., Qureshi, A. R., Carrero, J. J., Heimbürger, O., Barany, P. F., Alvestrand, A., Lindholm, B., Moestrup, S. K., et al. (2006) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.08.022 · Cited by 72
Zhu, Y., Wang, H., Hollis, J., & Jacques, P. F. (2014) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-014-0735-7 · Cited by 73
“50 715 30.7 ± 2.7 360 37.6 ± 3.5 Met physical activity recommendationsd \0.001 Yes 2,003 64.5 ± 1.3 1,108 77.2 ± 1.1 No 1,245 35.5 ± 1.3 419 22.8 ± 1.1 a The total N by each specific characteristic may be less than the total number (5,124) due to missing values b Data were expressed as weighted percentage ± SE c Chi-s…”
MethodInfluentialPina, T., Armesto, S., López‐Mejías, R., et al. (2014) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/jdv.12814 · Cited by 72
Muniyappa, R., Karne, R. J., Hall, G., Crandon, S. K., Bronstein, J. A., Ver, M. R., Hortin, G. L., & Quon, M. J. (2006) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db06-0714 · Cited by 70
“Based on mean values of SIClamp that we obtained for lean and obese subjects in previous studies (29), we calculated that 20 subjects in each group (lean or obese) would provide 90% power for detecting a 10% difference in insulin sensitivity caused by glucosamine treatment when compared with placebo treatment.”
MethodInfluentialSelf-citationInsulin Resistance Among Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C: Etiology and Impact on Treatment
Harrison, S. A. (2008) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2008.03.024 · Cited by 72
Salden, B. N., Troost, F. J., de Groot, E., Stevens, Y., Garcés‐Rimón, M., Possemiers, S., Winkens, B., & Masclee, A. (2016) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.116.136960 · Cited by 73
Phillips, C. M., Harrington, J. M., & Perry, I. J. (2018) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2018.08.028 · Cited by 76
“193 Quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI), a measure of insulin sensitivity, was 194 calculated as = 1/[log fasting insulin + log fasting glucose][25].”
MethodGarcía‐Ríos, A., Gómez-Delgado, F., Garaulet, M., Alcala-Diaz, J. F., Delgado‐Lista, J., Marı́n, C., Rangel-Zúñiga, O. A., Rodríguez-Cantalejo, F., Gómez-Luna, P., Ordovás, J. M., et al. (2013) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2013.864300 · Cited by 76
“Glucose metabolism was determined using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (Song et al., 2007) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (Katz et al., 2000).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialLaaroussi, H., Bakour, M., Ousaaid, D., Aboulghazi, A., Ferreira-Santos, P., Genisheva, Z., Teixeira, J. A., & Lyoussi, B. (2020) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109802 · Cited by 71
Effect of glutamine supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes
Mansour, A., Tehrani, M. R. M., Qorbani, M., Heshmat, R., Larijani, B. A., & Hosseini, S. (2014) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2014.05.014 · Cited by 69
“Insulin sensitivity was calculated by using the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) method [22]: 1/[log insulin (mU/mL) þ log glycemia (mg/ dL)].”
MethodSilva-Veiga, F. M., Graus‐Nunes, F., Rachid, T. L., Barreto, A. B., Mandarim‐de‐Lacerda, C. A., & Souza‐Mello, V. (2017) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2017.07.003 · Cited by 71
Kim, H. J., Kang, E. S., Kim, D. J., Kim, S. H., Ahn, C. W., Soo, B., Nam, M., Chung, C. H., Lee, K. W., Nam, C. M., et al. (2007) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2006.02723.x · Cited by 71
The Cat as a Model for Human Obesity and Diabetes
Hoenig, M. E. (2012) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/193229681200600306 · Cited by 81
Methods of Measuring Insulin Sensitivity
Trout, K. K., Homko, C. J., & Tkacs, N. C. (2007) · Biological Research For Nursing · doi:10.1177/1099800406298775 · Cited by 72
“Katz and colleagues found that, in the study population in which they developed the QUICKI, the mean QUICKI value for nonobese subjects was 0.382 ± 0.007, for obese subjects was 0.331 ± 0.010, and for diabetic subjects was 0.304 ± 0.007 (Katz et al., 2000).”
BackgroundInfluentialZang, H., Carlström, K., Arner, P., & Hirschberg, A. L. (2006) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.12.039 · Cited by 72
Kanauchi, M., Kimura, K., Kanauchi, K., & Saito, Y. (2005) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1368-5031.2005.00422.x · Cited by 70
Sardá, F. A. H., Giuntini, E. B., Gómez, M. L. P. A., Lui, M. C. Y., Negrini, J. D. A. E., TADINI, C. C., Lajolo, F. M., & de Menezes, E. W. (2016) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2016.04.001 · Cited by 75
Gao, X., Wang, Y., & Sun, G. (2016) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2016.08.005 · Cited by 70
Cho, N. H., Lim, S. K., Jang, H. C., Park, H. K., & Metzger, B. E. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.11.2750 · Cited by 71
Denburg, M., Silfen, M. E., Manibo, A. M., Chin, D., Levine, L. S., Ferin, M., McMahon, D. J., Go, C., & Oberfield, S. E. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2002-020896 · Cited by 70
Ceriello, A., Johns, D., Widel, M., Eckland, D. J. A., Gilmore, K. J., & Tan, M. H. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.2.266 · Cited by 70
Rhee, E., Oh, K. W., Lee, W., Kim, S. Y., Oh, E. S., Baek, K. H., Kang, M. I., & Kim, S. W. (2005) · Archives of Medical Research · doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2005.04.008 · Cited by 69
Smith, R. C., Lindenmayer, J., Bark, N. M., Warner‐Cohen, J., Vaidhyanathaswamy, S., & Khandat, A. (2005) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145705005110 · Cited by 70
Metabolic adaptations to chronic glucose infusion in rats
Topp, B. G., McArthur, M. D., & Finegood, D. T. (2004) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-004-1493-5 · Cited by 69
“However, unlike the HOMA, QUICKI and Minimal models, the βIG model can be easily re-fitted with species-specific parameter values and applied to in vivo data.”
MethodDiamanti‐Kandarakis, E., Katsikis, I., Piperi, C., Alexandraki, K., & Panidis, D. (2007) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2006.02693.x · Cited by 69
Wijtenburg, S. A., Kapogiannis, D., Korenic, S. A., Mullins, R. J., Tran, J., Gaston, F. E., Chen, S., Mustapić, M., Hong, L. E., & Rowland, L. M. (2019) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2019.01.031 · Cited by 73
“Although participants with diabetes were excluded in this study via self-report, this was not verified via clinical research standards such as the HOMA-IR or QUICKI metrics (Katz et al., 2000).”
MethodSalekzamani, S., Mehralizadeh, H., Ghezel, A., Salekzamani, Y., Jafarabadi, M. A., Bavil, A. S., & Gargari, B. P. (2016) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-016-0507-8 · Cited by 69
“HOMA-IR [10], and Quicki [11] were calculated.”
InfluentialPontes-da-Silva, R. M., Marinho, T. D. S., Cardoso, L. E. M., Mandarim‐de‐Lacerda, C. A., & Águila, M. B. (2021) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-021-00955-7 · Cited by 72
Chiu, C.-C., Chen, K.-P., Liu, H.-C., & Lu, M. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/01.jcp.0000237947.80764.d9 · Cited by 67
“5), and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (1/[log{fasting insulin} + log{fasting glucose}]).(10,11)”
BackgroundNass, R. M., Farhy, L. S., Liu, J., Pezzoli, S. S., Johnson, M. L., Gaylinn, B. D., & Thorner, M. O. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2013-3158 · Cited by 68
“Mean insulin resistance estimated by the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (14) was 0.”
MethodProietto, J., Rissanen, A., Harp, J. B., Erondu, N., Yu, Q., Suryawanshi, S., Jones, M. E., Johnson‐Levonas, A. O., Heymsfield, S. B., Kaufman, K. D., et al. (2010) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2010.38 · Cited by 68
Pasarica, M., Zachwieja, J. J., de Jonge, L., Redman, S., & Smith, S. R. (2007) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2007-0786 · Cited by 68
“The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was calculated from the fasting insulin and glucose values: QUICKI 1/(log insulin log glucose) as described by Katz et al. ( 12 ).”
MethodArakawa, M., Ebato, C., Mita, T., Fujitani, Y., Shimizu, T., Watada, H., Kawamori, R., & Hirose, T. (2008) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2008.04.027 · Cited by 68
“The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) proposed by Katz et al [18] was calculated as follows: 1/[log (fasting plasma insulin) +”
MethodWang, X., Cheng, M., Zhao, M., Ge, A., Guo, F., Zhang, M., Yang, Y., Liu, L., & Yang, N. (2012) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-012-0428-z · Cited by 70
Hung, A. M., Sundell, M. B., Egbert, P., Siew, E. D., Shintani, A., Ellis, C. D., Bian, A., & Ikizler, T. A. (2011) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.08070910 · Cited by 69
“Sarafidis PA, Lasaridis AN, Nilsson PM, Pikilidou MI, Stafilas PC, Kanaki A, Kazakos K, Yovos J, Bakris GL: Validity and reproducibility of HOMA-IR, 1/HOMA-IR, QUICKI and McAuley’s indices in patients with hypertension and type II diabetes.”
InfluentialSánchez‐Infantes, D., Muguerza, B., Moulay, L., Hernández, R., Miguel, M., & Aleixandre, A. (2008) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf703598j · Cited by 69
Bruehl, H., Sweat, V., Hassenstab, J. J., Polyakov, V., & Convit, A. J. (2009) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803390903224928 · Cited by 69
“350 is considered indicative of insulin resistance (Katz et al., 2000).”
BackgroundCoronary microvascular dysfunction after long-term diabetes and hypercholesterolemia
Sorop, O., van den Heuvel, M., van Ditzhuijzen, N. S., de Beer, V. J., HEINONEN, I. H. A., van Duin, R. W. B., Zhou, Z., Koopmans, S. J., Merkus, D., van der Giessen, W. J., et al. (2016) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00458.2015 · Cited by 69
Ashtary‐Larky, D., Ghanavati, M., Lamuchi-Deli, N., Payami, S. A., Alavi-Rad, S., Boustaninejad, M., Afrisham, R., Abbasnezhad, A., & Alipour, M. (2017) · Intern J Endocrinol Metab · doi:10.5812/ijem.13249 · Cited by 73
Hoffman, R. P. (2008) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5448.2007.00350.x · Cited by 68
Chronic treatment of mitochondrial disease patients with dichloroacetate
Barshop, B. A., Naviaux, R. K., McGowan, K. A., Levine, F., Nyhan, W. L., Loupis-Geller, A., & Haas, R. (2004) · Molecular Genetics and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2004.06.009 · Cited by 66
Metadata
- Authors
- Katz, A., Nambi, S. S., Mather, K., Baron, A. D., Follmann, D. A., Sullivan, G., & Quon, M. J.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2000-07-01
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 2402-2410
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2126327417
- Cited by
- 3,931
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 97 · 2025: 129 · 2024: 142 · 2023: 174 · 2022: 188 · 2021: 173 · 2020: 184 · 2019: 145 · 2018: 153 · 2017: 174 · 2016: 170 · 2015: 164 · 2014: 184 · 2013: 219 · 2012: 169
- FWCI
- 33.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Keywords
- QUICKI, insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance, fasting insulin, fasting blood glucose, glucose clamp, minimal model analysis, type 2 diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance index
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Obesity, Glucose Clamp Technique
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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