The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 3 of the 17 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans
Abstract
Insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes and is associated with obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors. The "gold standard" glucose clamp and minimal model analysis are two established methods for determining insulin sensitivity in vivo, but neither is easily implemented in large studies. Thus, it is of interest to develop a simple, accurate method for assessing insulin sensitivity that is useful for clinical investigations. We performed both hyperinsulinemic isoglycemic glucose clamp and insulin-modified frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance tests on 28 nonobese, 13 obese, and 15 type 2 diabetic subjects. We obtained correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity from glucose clamp studies (SI(Clamp)) and minimal model analysis (SI(MM)) that were comparable to previous reports (r = 0.57). We performed a sensitivity analysis on our data and discovered that physiological steady state values [i.e. fasting insulin (I(0)) and glucose (G(0))] contain critical information about insulin sensitivity. We defined a quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI = 1/[log(I(0)) + log(G(0))]) that has substantially better correlation with SI(Clamp) (r = 0.78) than the correlation we observed between SI(MM) and SI(Clamp). Moreover, we observed a comparable overall correlation between QUICKI and SI(Clamp) in a totally independent group of 21 obese and 14 nonobese subjects from another institution. We conclude that QUICKI is an index of insulin sensitivity obtained from a fasting blood sample that may be useful for clinical research.
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Claims the paper makes
45 Own result · 21 Own interpretation · 8 No basis given · 3 Sources not found · 3 No full text of the sources · 2 Supported so far · 2 Not checked yet · 2 Own method · 1 Partly supported · accuracy not yet measured
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“A well accepted alternative for estimating insulin sensitivity involves minimal model analysis of a frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT) (9 -11).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > I NSULIN IS
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [9] Bergman, 1987, Equivalence of the insulin sensitivity index in man derived by the minimal model method and the euglycemic glucose clamp., J Clin Invest source
The Introduction describes minimal-model analysis of a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test as an alternative to the glucose clamp. The Discussion reports that it yielded an equivalent measure of insulin sensitivity in the study, while noting that wider validation would be needed before recommending general use. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] 1989, Lilly lecture 1989. Toward physiological understanding of glucose tolerance. Minimal-model approach., Diabetes source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [11] Saad, 1997, Differences between the tolbutamide-boosted and the insulin-modified minimal model protocols., Diabetes source
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, we observed a comparable overall correlation between QUICKI and SI Clamp in a totally independent group of 21 obese and 14 nonobese subjects from another institution.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 14- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, as expected, the obese and diabetic subjects were significantly more insulin resistant than the nonobese subjects (P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ).”
- Also stated in: § Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity · plain
“As expected, when subjects were evaluated with the gold standard glucose clamp method, obese subjects were more insulin resistant, on the average, than nonobese subjects, and diabetics were the most insulin-resistant group.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp studies
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We performed a sensitivity analysis on our data and discovered that physiological steady state values [i.e.fasting insulin (I 0 ) and glucose (G 0 )] contain critical information about insulin sensitivity.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, the linear regression analysis of the subgroups corresponded more closely to the overall regression line when comparing QUICKI and SI Clamp .”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, QUICKI derived from the average results of two fasting blood samples (over 10 min) was similar to QUICKI calculated from a single sample.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interestingly, we found that the product of fasting insulin and glucose yielded an index of insulin sensitivity that was applicable to both dia-betic and nondiabetic subjects.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plaincorrelationaln = 3- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The basal glucose levels in the diabetic group were significantly elevated compared with those in the other groups (166 Ϯ 15 mg/dL; P Ͻ 4 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Insulin-modified FSIVGTT studies
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Note that in contrast to the minimal model-derived SI MM , we were able to calculate meaningful values of QUICKI for all diabetic subjects studied.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“QUICKI was calculated for all study subjects (mean, 0.382 Ϯ 0.007, 0.331 Ϯ 0.010, and 0.304 Ϯ 0.007 for nonobese, obese, and diabetic subjects, respectively).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
- It may state two separate claims as one. 15
- The quote only partly states this claim. 2
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Alternatively, periodic oscillations in insulin secretion (both ultradian and 10-to 15-min periods) have been reported in healthy subjects and may also contribute to the weaker correlation in this subgroup (21,22).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [21] Polonsky, 1998, Temporal profiles and clinical significance of pulsatile insulin secretion., Horm Res source
- Supportedcites [22] Polonsky, 1988, Twenty-four-hour profiles and pulsatile patterns of insulin secretion in normal and obese subjects., J Clin Invest source
The Discussion ('O Normal') describes rapid insulin pulsations in the 10–14-minute range and slower ultradian oscillations of 1–3 hours. It presents the slower oscillations in normal subjects as a finding of this study and reports the rapid pulsations from earlier studies, supporting the claim that both have been reported in healthy subjects. (LLM, conf=0.93)
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Alternatively, periodic oscillations in insulin secretion (both ultradian and 10-to 15-min periods) have been reported in healthy subjects and may also contribute to the weaker correlation in this subgroup (21,22).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [21] Polonsky, 1998, Temporal profiles and clinical significance of pulsatile insulin secretion., Horm Res source
- Partly supportedcites [22] Polonsky, 1988, Twenty-four-hour profiles and pulsatile patterns of insulin secretion in normal and obese subjects., J Clin Invest sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The discussion (section “O Normal”; page not provided) reports ultradian insulin-secretion oscillations in normal subjects and describes rapid 10–14-minute pulsations. It does not examine QUICKI, clamp-derived insulin sensitivity, or whether oscillations weaken the correlation between them in a nonobese subgroup. (LLM, conf=0.86)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We obtained correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity from glucose clamp studies (SI Clamp ) and minimal model analysis (SI MM ) that were com-parable to previous reports (r ϭ 0.57).”
- Also stated in: § Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity · plain
“The overall correlation coefficient (r) calculated from a linear least squares regression was 0.57 (P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
plaincorrelationaln = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, linear regression analysis for the subgroups revealed that the regression line for the diabetic and obese subgroups had a very different slope than that for the nonobese group.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When correlations between QUICKI and SI Clamp were calculated for each group separately, we found that r ϭ 0.49 for nonobese subjects (P Ͻ 0.01), r ϭ 0.89 for obese subjects (P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ), and r ϭ 0.7 for diabetic subjects (P Ͻ 4 ϫ 10 Ϫ3 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Reassuringly, in these independent studies, we found that the overall correlation between QUICKI and SI Clamp was similar to that in our original analysis (r ϭ 0.77; P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ11 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Both obese and diabetic subjects had significantly greater BMIs and fasting insulin levels than the nonobese subjects (P Ͻ 6 ϫ 10 Ϫ6 ), consistent with the presence of obesity and insulin resistance.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Study subjects
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This analysis yielded r ϭ 0.74 for obese subjects (n ϭ 21) and r ϭ 0.91 for nonobese subjects (n ϭ 14), with an overall correlation coefficient of r ϭ 0.90 (n ϭ 35).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
plaincorrelationaln = 35- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the correlation coefficient for the nonobese subgroup was 0.49, and the greatest variability in the correlation between QUICKI and SI Clamp was observed among the most insulin-sensitive subjects.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As expected, the fasting glucose levels for both nonobese and obese groups were normal, whereas the diabetic group had elevated levels.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Study subjects
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similar to our results from glucose clamp studies (and in contrast to minimal model results), insulin sensitivity as assessed by QUICKI was highest in the nonobese group, intermediate in the obese group, and lowest in the diabetic group.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes and is associated with obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors.”
- Also stated in: § I NSULIN IS · plain
“plays an important pathophysiological role in diabetes (1,2).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] 1988, Lilly lecture 1987. The triumvirate: β-cell, muscle, liver. A collusion responsible for NIDDM., Diabetes
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] DeFronzo, 1992, Pathogenesis of NIDDM. A balanced overview., Diabetes Care source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Also stated in: § I NSULIN IS · plain
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Steady state conditions were generally achieved about 2 h after the initiation of each study and were maintained for at least 60 min.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp studies
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The overall correlation we obtained between SI Clamp and SI MM was comparable to previous reports whose study subjects included diabetics, suggesting that our studies were technically adequate.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, QUICKI provides a reproducible and robust estimate of insulin sensitivity, because equally strong correlations with SI Clamp were obtained when fasting data from either the glucose clamp or FSIVGTT studies were used to calculate QUICKI.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, this effect is unlikely to be occurring in our studies, because fasting samples were obtained at the same time in the morning for each subject, and calculating QUICKI from the average of several blood samples (instead of a single sample) did not significantly affect our correlations.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, in analyzing an independent dataset, we observed very similar correlations between QUICKI and SI Clamp , strongly suggesting that QUICKI is a robust index of insulin sensitivity.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Relative merits of QUICKI
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The inability of the minimal model to identify meaningful values for SI MM in a large fraction of our diabetic subjects is consistent with the experience of others and is most likely related to well described difficulties in estimating SI MM under conditions of inadequate insulin secretion (12).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] Saad, 1994, A comparison between the minimal model and the glucose clamp in the assessment of insulin sensitivity across the spectrum of glucose tolerance. Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study., Diabetes source
hedgedconditionaln = 7- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Studies in the same subject were performed at least 1 week apart, and the order of the studies was randomized.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Subjects and Methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We conclude that QUICKI is an index of insulin sensitivity obtained from a fasting blood sample that may be useful for clinical research.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“QUICKI is a novel, simple, accurate, and reproducible method for determining insulin sensitivity in humans that may be a useful tool in large epidemiological investigations that study the role of insulin resistance in the pathophysiology of important public health problems such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Relative merits of QUICKI
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Potential limitations to QUICKI include difficulty in applying it to subjects with type 1 diabetes who lack endogenous insulin secretion.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Relative merits of QUICKI
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
The glucose clamp is the gold standard method for directly measuring insulin sensitivity in vivo.
“Although the glucose clamp is considered to be the gold standard method for directly measuring insulin sensitivity in vivo, it can be implemented in a number of different ways.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The distribution of fasting insulin values is skewed.
“One rational for these transformations is the fact that the distribution of fasting insulin values is skewed.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A recent placebo-controlled trial of ursodiol in NASH found that a proportion of patients receiving placebo had decreases in steatosis, but that improvements in inflammation and cell injury were uncommon.30”
From A pilot study of pioglitazone treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (2004) · cites this paper as [30]
In the citing paper
“ndirect estimates of insulin resistance, such as HOMA-IR 63 and QUICKI, 64 are derived from fasting S-insulin and glucose concentrations and have been widely used in both nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects as surrogates of insulin sensitivity.65,66”
From Increased liver fat, impaired insulin clearance, and hepatic and adipose tissue insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. (2008) · cites this paper as [64]
Citations
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Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
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Glucose clamp technique: a method for quantifying insulin secretion and resistance.
DeFronzo, R. A., Tobin, J. D., & Andres, R. (1979) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1979.237.3.e214 · Cited by 7,425
Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus (1997) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.20.7.1183 · Cited by 6,220
The Triumvirate: β-Cell, Muscle, Liver: A Collusion Responsible for NIDDM
DeFronzo, R. A. (1988) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.37.6.667 · Cited by 2,456
Pathogenesis of NIDDM. A balanced overview.
DeFronzo, R. A., Bonadonna, R. C., & Ferrannini, E. (1992) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.15.3.318 · Cited by 2,085
Reaven, G. M., Lithell, H., & Landsberg, L. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199602083340607 · Cited by 1,435
Toward Physiological Understanding of Glucose Tolerance: Minimal-Model Approach
Bergman, R. N. (1989) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.38.12.1512 · Cited by 1,001
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Items 201–300 of 3,800
Dumortier, M., Brandou, F., Pérez‐Martin, A., Fédou, C., Mercier, J. G., & Brun, J. ‐. (2003) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70065-4 · Cited by 185
“The insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was calculated with the formula [21]: QUICKI = 1/(log insulinemia + log glycemia) with glycemia expressed in milligrams per deciliter.”
MethodAerobic exercise training reduces epicardial fat in obese men
Kim, M.-K., Tomita, T., Kim, M.-J., Sasai, H., Maeda, S., & Tanaka, K. (2008) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.90756.2008 · Cited by 186
“The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), a surrogate measure of insulin resistance, is a simple index that is based on the glucose and insulin levels in a fasting blood sample (24, 29) and is calculated as follows:”
MethodDiamanti‐Kandarakis, E., & Panidis, D. (2007) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.02954.x · Cited by 183
Zhang, L., Chen, C., Zhou, N., Fu, Y., & Cheng, X. (2017) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2017.10.034 · Cited by 182
Erondu, N., Gantz, I., Musser, B. J., Suryawanshi, S., Mallick, M., Addy, C., Côté, J., Bray, G. A., Fujioka, K., Bays, H. E., et al. (2006) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2006.08.002 · Cited by 187
Kamada, Y., Matsumoto, H., Tamura, S., Fukushima, J., Kiso, S., Fukui, K., Igura, T., Maeda, N., Kihara, S., Funahashi, T., et al. (2007) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2007.03.020 · Cited by 187
Dessein, P. H., Stanwix, A. E., & Joffe, B. I. (2002) · Arthritis Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/ar428 · Cited by 183
“The IS was estimated using the QUICKI using the formula: 1 / log insulin (uU/ml) × log glucose (mg/dl) [13].”
MethodSchachter, M. (2003) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deg190 · Cited by 183
“IR may be determined by a number of different methods (Del Prato, 1999; Katz et al., 2000; Stumvoll et al., 2000; McAuley et al., 2001); we chose to use those which utilize static fasting glucose and insulin measurements, which are highly correlated to dynamic measurements after glucose loading (Matthews et al., 1985;…”
MethodEguchi, Y., Kitajima, Y., Hyogo, H., Takahashi, H., Kojima, M., Ono, M., Araki, N., Tanaka, K., Yamaguchi, M., Matsuda, Y., et al. (2015) · Hepatology Research · doi:10.1111/hepr.12351 · Cited by 182
Hormonal and Metabolic Effects of Olanzapine and Clozapine Related to Body Weight in Rodents
Albaugh, V. L., Henry, C. R., Bello, N. T., Hajnal, A. S., Lynch, S. L., Halle, B., & Lynch, C. J. (2006) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2006.6 · Cited by 178
“Accordingly, the olanzapine group displayed a significantly lower quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (29) (control group, 0.”
BackgroundInsulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and lung function in US adolescents with and without asthma
Forno, E., Han, Y., Muzumdar, R. H., & Celedon, J. C. (2015) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2015.01.010 · Cited by 182
Koh, K. K., Han, S. H., Quon, M. J., Ahn, J. Y., & Shin, E. K. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.6.1419 · Cited by 182
“9 in subjects with these diseases) (8).”
MethodInfluentialSelf-citationMurguía‐Romero, M., Jiménez-Flores, R., Sigrist-Flores, S. C., Espinoza-Camacho, M. Á., Jiménez-Morales, M., Piña, E., Méndez‐Cruz, A. R., Villalobos‐Molina, R., & Reaven, G. M. (2013) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m040584 · Cited by 180
Muniyappa, R., Chen, H., Muzumdar, R. H., Einstein, F. H., Xu, Y., Yue, L. Q., Barzilai, N., & Quon, M. J. (2009) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00397.2009 · Cited by 179
Self-citationChen, H., Karne, R. J., Hall, G., Campia, U., Panza, J. A., Cannon, R. O., Wang, Y., Katz, A., Levine, M., & Quon, M. J. (2005) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00768.2005 · Cited by 178
Self-citationMetformin administration improves endothelial function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Diamanti‐Kandarakis, E., Alexandraki, K., Protogerou, A. D., Piperi, C., Papamichael, C. M., Aessopos, A., Lekakis, J., & Mavrikakis, M. (2005) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.1.01910 · Cited by 179
“QUICKI is defined as: QUICKI ¼ 1/[log(fasting insulin) þ log(fasting glucose)] ( 26 ).”
Effect of pioglitazone on body composition and energy expenditure: a randomized controlled trial
Smith, S. R., de Jonge, L., Volaufova, J., Li, Y., Xie, H., & Bray, G. A. (2005) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2004.07.008 · Cited by 176
“QUICKI, an index of insulin resistance previously validated in diabetic subjects, was calculated as described by Katz et al [13] and Chen et al [14].”
MethodWang, J. G., Anderson, R. A., Graham, G. M., Chu, M. C., Sauer, M. V., Guarnaccia, M. M., & Løbo, R. A. (2007) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.11.082 · Cited by 179
Intranasal Insulin for Alzheimer’s Disease
Hallschmid, M. (2021) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-020-00781-x · Cited by 188
Insulin resistance and the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Choudhury, J., & Sanyal, A. J. (2004) · Clinics in Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.cld.2004.04.006 · Cited by 179
“The alternatives to the insulin clamp method involve performing an oral/ intravenous glucose tolerance test or to measure fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels [22–25].”
MethodGuillet, C., Delcourt, I., Rance, M., Giraudet, C., Walrand, S., Bedu, M., Duché, P., & Boirie, Y. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2008-2216 · Cited by 184
“Insulin sensitivity of each subject was assessed on the basis of a classical index of clamp-derived insulin sensitivity (28).”
MethodMetabolic syndrome and liver histology in paediatric non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Manco, M., Marcellini, M., Vito, R. D., Comparcola, D., Sartorelli, M. R., & Nobili, V. (2007) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803711 · Cited by 177
Stagakis, I., Bertsias, G. K., Karvounaris, S. A., Kavousanaki, M., Virla, D., Raptopoulou, A., Kardassis, D., Boumpas, D. T., & Sidiropoulos, P. I. (2012) · Arthritis Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/ar3874 · Cited by 176
“Serum insulin was determined by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (ARCHITECT Insulin Reagent Kit, 8K41, Abbott Diagnostics, Lake Forest, Illinois, USA) While the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique is the gold standard for evaluating insulin sensitivity, the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) for ins…”
MethodJung, M., Lee, J., Shin, N., Kim, M., Hyun, D., Yun, J., Kim, P. S., Whon, T. W., & Bae, J. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep30887 · Cited by 174
“The homeostatic model assessment 2 (HOMA2) model and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) are measures of insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity, respectively, and are derived from fasting glucose and insulin levels 22,23 .”
Tenenbaum, A., Motro, M., Fisman, E. Z., Schwammenthal, E., Adler, Y., Goldenberg, I., Leor, J., Boyko, V., Mandelzweig, L., & Behar, S. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000126824.12785.b6 · Cited by 171
Banaszewska, B., Wrotyńska-Barczyńska, J., Spaczynski, R. Z., Pawelczyk, L., & Duleba, A. J. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2016-1858 · Cited by 173
“Evaluation of insulin sensitivity using fasting measures used the method described by Katz et al (22): Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) 1/[log(fasting insulin) log (fasting glucose)].”
MethodSeshadri, P., Iqbal, N., Stern, L., Williams, M., Chicano, K. L., Daily, D. A., McGrory, J., Gracely, E. J., Rader, D. J., & Samaha, F. F. (2004) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.04.009 · Cited by 169
Arble, D. M., Bass, J., Behn, C. D., Butler, M. P., Challet, E., Czeisler, C., Depner, C. M., Elmquist, J., Franken, P., Grandner, M. A., et al. (2015) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.5226 · Cited by 173
Ezpeleta, M., Gabel, K., Cienfuegos, S., Kalam, F., Lin, S., Pavlou, V., Song, Z., Haus, J. M., Koppe, S., Alexandria, S. J., et al. (2023) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2022.12.001 · Cited by 181
Potential Contribution of Adipose Tissue to Elevated Serum Cystatin C in Human Obesity
Naour, N., Fellahi, S., Renucci, J., Poitou, C., Rouault, C., Basdevant, A., Dutour, A., Alessi, M., Bastard, J., Clément, K., et al. (2009) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2009.96 · Cited by 171
“eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate determined by the MDRD study equation (22); HDL, high-density lipoprotein; MDRD, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease; ns, nonsignificant; QUICKI, index of insulin sensitivity (24).”
MethodOtten, J., Åhrén, B., & Olsson, T. (2014) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-014-3285-x · Cited by 179
“5 QUICKI [41] 1/(log G0 + log I0) Revised QUICKI [40] 1/(log G0 + log I0 + log NEFA)”
Deletion of the mouse Slc30a8 gene encoding zinc transporter-8 results in impaired insulin secretion
Pound, L. D., Sarkar, S. A., Benninger, R. K. P., Wang, Y., Suwanichkul, A., Shadoan, M. K., Printz, R. L., Oeser, J. K., Lee, C. E., Piston, D. W., et al. (2009) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj20090530 · Cited by 167
“This would be consistent with the results of post-hoc QUICKI calculations [15] suggesting a statistically significant difference in insulin sensitivity between female wild type and ZnT-8 −/− mice (data not shown).”
Insulin Resistance in Equids: Possible Role in Laminitis
Treiber, K. H., Kronfeld, D. S., & Geor, R. J. (2006) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/136.7.2094s · Cited by 170
Inflammatory and endothelial markers in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Diamanti‐Kandarakis, E., Alexandraki, K., Piperi, C., Protogerou, A. D., Katsikis, I., Paterakis, T., Lekakis, J., & Panidis, D. (2006) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2006.01712.x · Cited by 168
Relationship between Serum Lipoprotein Ratios and Insulin Resistance in Obesity
Brehm, A., Pfeiler, G., Pacini, G., Vierhapper, H., & Roden, M. (2004) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2004.037556 · Cited by 169
Comparison of Liver Fat Indices for the Diagnosis of Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance
KAHL, S., Straßburger, K., Nowotny, B., Livingstone, R. S., Klüppelholz, B., Keßel, K., Hwang, J., Giani, G., Hoffmann, B. H., Pacini, G., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0094059 · Cited by 166
“ALT (U/L) 18[14;25] 26[17;46]** 18[13;24] 26[17;29](1)”
MethodNarasimhan, A., Mayilvanan, C., & Karundevi, B. (2015) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2015-0002 · Cited by 166
“1985), and QUICKI was calculated using the following equation: log fasting serum insulin + log fasting blood glucose (Katz et al. 2000).”
Methoddel Rincon, J. P., Iida, K., Gaylinn, B. D., McCurdy, C. E., Leitner, J. W., Barbour, L. A., Kopchick, J. J., Friedman, J. E., Draznin, B., & Thorner, M. O. (2007) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db06-0299 · Cited by 164
“Similarly significant results were obtained with other commonly used formulas for insulin action estimation, including QUICKI (quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index) (34) or HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance) (35) (not shown).”
ResultKlimčáková, E., Polak, J., Moro, C., Hejnová, J., Majercik, M., Viguerie, N., Berlan, M., Langin, D., & Štich, V. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-0382 · Cited by 163
“Glucose clampderived index of insulin sensitivity (SIClamp) was defined as M/(G I) corrected for body weight (24).”
MethodSex-driven modifiers of Alzheimer risk
Rahman, A., Schelbaum, E., Hoffman, K., Diaz, I., Hristov, H., Andrews, R. D., Jett, S., Jackson, H. C., Lee, A., Sarva, H., et al. (2020) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000009781 · Cited by 163
“Participants were screened for depression through a clinical interview administered by the study physician and via the Hamilton test or the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System depression measure.(13)”
MethodTosi, F., Bonora, E., & Moghetti, P. (2017) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dex308 · Cited by 163
Askari, F., Rashidkhani, B., & Hekmatdoost, A. (2013) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2013.11.005 · Cited by 167
“Insulin resistance was calculated using homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) [21] and insulin sensitivity was calculated using quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) [22].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMohan, V., Yang, W., Son, H., Xu, L., Noble, L., Langdon, R. B., Amatruda, J. M., Stein, P. P., & Kaufman, K. D. (2008) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2008.10.009 · Cited by 159
Hanefeld, M., Herman, G. A., Wu, M., Mickel, C., Sanchez, M., Stein, P. P., & on behalf of the Sitagliptin Study 014 investigators (2007) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1185/030079907x188152 · Cited by 156
Blumenthal, J. A., Babyak, M. A., Sherwood, A., Craighead, L. W., Lin, P., Johnson, J. J., Watkins, L. L., Wang, J. T., Kuhn, C. M., Feinglos, M. N., et al. (2010) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.149153 · Cited by 164
QUICKI is a useful index of insulin sensitivity in subjects with hypertension
Chen, H., Sullivan, G., Yue, L. Q., Katz, A., & Quon, M. J. (2003) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00330.2002 · Cited by 163
“In our initial validation study for obese, nonobese, and diabetic subjects, the overall linear correlation between QUICKI and the reference glucose clamp index of insulin sensitivity (SIClamp) was significantly better than that between minimal-model estimates of insulin sensitivity (SIMM) and SIClamp or between homeos…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationImpaired glycemia increases disease progression in mild cognitive impairment
Morris, J. K., Vidoni, E. D., Honea, R. A., & Burns, J. M. (2013) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.09.033 · Cited by 163
Treiber, K. H., Kronfeld, D. S., Hess, T. M., Boston, R., & Harris, P. A. (2005) · American Journal of Veterinary Research · doi:10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.2114 · Cited by 157
The Evolution of Severe Steatosis After Bariatric Surgery Is Related to Insulin Resistance
Mathurin, P., Gonzalez, F., Kerdraon, O., Leteurtre, E., Arnalsteen, L., Hollebecque, A., Louvet, A., Dharancy, S., Cocq, P., Jany, T., et al. (2006) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.02.024 · Cited by 161
Cathepsin S, a novel biomarker of adiposity: relevance to atherogenesis
Taleb, S., Lacasa, D., Bastard, J., Poitou, C., Cancello, R., Pelloux, V., Viguerie, N., Benis, A., Zucker, J., Bouillot, J., et al. (2005) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.05-3673fje · Cited by 158
“Insulin sensitivity was evaluated using QUICKI index (20).”
MethodSaliva as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for inflammation and insulin-resistance.
Desai, G. S., & Mathews, S. T. (2014) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v5.i6.730 · Cited by 144
Deubiquitination and Activation of AMPK by USP10
Deng, M., Yang, X., Qin, B., Liu, T., Zhang, H., Guo, W., Lee, S. B., Kim, J. J., Yuan, J., Pei, H., et al. (2016) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2016.01.010 · Cited by 161
“Hyperinsulinemic–Euglycemic Clamp The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps were performed as described previously (Katz et al., 2000).”
MethodLee, S., Muniyappa, R., Xu, Y., Chen, H., Yue, L. Q., Hong, E., Kim, J. K., & Quon, M. J. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00676.2007 · Cited by 158
“Moreover, the linear correlations between surrogate indexes and clamp-derived estimates of insulin sensitivity we observed in mice were not as substantial as those previously reported in humans (5, 6, 17, 19).”
ResultSelf-citationMarchesini, G., Avagnina, S., Barantani, E. G., Ciccarone, A. M., Corica, F., Dall’Aglio, E., Grave, R. D., Morpurgo, P. S., Tomasi, F., & Vitacolonna, E. (2005) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/bf03347199 · Cited by 157
Metabolic effects of obesity on reproduction
Pasquali, R., & Gambineri, A. (2006) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61179-0 · Cited by 159
“glucose fasting)], which have been extensively reviewed (Katz et al., 2000).”
BackgroundMuniyappa, R., Hall, G., Kolodziej, T. L., Karne, R. J., Crandon, S. K., & Quon, M. J. (2008) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.26457 · Cited by 161
“Therefore, finding that our hypertensive cohort was insulin resistant when compared with a historical cohort of normotensive healthy control subjects previously studied in our laboratory (7, 38) was expected.”
MethodResultSelf-citationObesity and peripheral neuropathy risk: a dangerous liaison
Miscio, G., Guastamacchia, G., Brunani, A., Priano, L., Baudo, S., & Mauro, A. (2005) · Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System · doi:10.1111/j.1085-9489.2005.00047.x · Cited by 155
“Insulin resistance was determined in all subjects with the quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (Katz et al., 2000), calculated measuring the fasting insulin and glucose serum levels at baseline condition.”
MethodPanidis, D., Tziomalos, K., Misichronis, G., Papadakis, E., Betsas, G., Katsikis, I., & Macut, D. (2012) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/der418 · Cited by 155
“The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was calculated according to the following formula: QUICKI 1⁄4 1/[log fasting insulin (mIU/l) + log fasting glucose (mg/dl)] (Katz et al., 2000).”
MethodInsulin Resistance and Its Contribution to Colon Carcinogenesis
Komninou, D., Ayonote, A., Richie, J. P., & Rigas, B. (2003) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1177/153537020322800410 · Cited by 156
Lap-Band ® : Outcomes and Results
O’Brien, P. E., & Dixon, J. B. (2003) · Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques · doi:10.1089/109264203322333593 · Cited by 156
Diamanti-Kandarakis, E., Kouli, C., Alexandraki, K., & Spina, G. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-031205 · Cited by 150
Metabolic fingerprint of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Dudzik, D., Żórawski, M., Skotnicki, M., Zarzycki, W., Kozłowska, G., Bibik-Malinowska, K., Vallejo, M., Garcı́a, A., Barbas, C., & Ramos, P. (2014) · Journal of Proteomics · doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2014.03.025 · Cited by 158
“[9] Katz A, Nambi SS, Mather K, Baron AD, Follmann DA, Sullivan G, et al.”
BackgroundMethodMonzavi, R., Dreimane, D., Geffner, M. E., Braun, S., Conrad, B., Klier, M., & KAUFMAN, F. R. (2006) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2005-1532 · Cited by 154
Bakhshimoghaddam, F., Shateri, K., Sina, M., Hashemian, M., & Alizadeh, M. (2018) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/nxy088 · Cited by 154
“HOMA-IR and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) scores were calculated based on suggested formulas (24, 25).”
MethodDeshmukh-Taskar, P., O’Neil, C. E., Nicklas, T. A., Yang, S.-J., Liu, Y., Gustat, J., & Berenson, G. S. (2009) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980009991261 · Cited by 153
“(mg/dl) 1 log fasting plasma insulin (mU/ml)); higher QUICKI values indicate greater insulin sensitivity)((27)); and the Homeostasis Model Assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) formula (5(fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl) 3 fasting plasma insulin (mU/ml))/405; higher HOMA values indicate greater insulin resistance)(…”
BackgroundKoh, K. K., Quon, M. J., Han, S. H., Ahn, J. Y., Jin, D., Kim, H. S., Kim, D. S., & Shin, E. K. (2005) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000166722.91714.ba · Cited by 151
Self-citationon behalf of the DALI Core Investigator group, Egan, A. M., Vellinga, A., Harreiter, J., Simmons, D., Desoye, G., Corcoy, R., Adelantado, J. M., Devlieger, R., Van Assche, A., et al. (2017) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-017-4353-9 · Cited by 152
“While there are limitations to indices such as HOMA-IR, such as racial differences in mixed populations, they act as a reasonable surrogate for the gold standard euglycaemic–hyperinsulinaemic clamp [16, 26].”
MethodHerter‐Aeberli, I., Biebinger, R., Lehmann, R., l’Allemand, D., Spinas, G. A., & Zimmermann, M. B. (2007) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2007-0468 · Cited by 149
“The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was calculated as follows: QUICKI 1/[log (fasting insulin, milliunits per liter) log (fasting glucose milligrams per deciliter)] (23).”
MethodAliasgharzadeh, A., Dehghan, P., Gargari, B. P., & Jafarabadi, M. A. (2015) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114514003675 · Cited by 150
“HOMA-IR((14)) and QUICKI((15)) were calculated according to the following formulae:”
MethodInfluentialMa, Y., Xia, W., Wang, D. Q., Wan, Y., Xu, B., Chen, X.-J., Li, Y., & Xu, S. (2013) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-013-2944-7 · Cited by 149
Lamport, D. J., Lawton, C. L., Mansfield, M. W., & Dye, L. (2008) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.10.008 · Cited by 156
“Future studies could use a hyperglycaemic clamp where possible to assess the relationship between insulin sensitivity and cognition as this is considered the gold standard for measuring insulin resistance (Katz et al., 2000; Radzuik, 2000).”
Limitations of the Fasting Glucose to Insulin Ratio as an Index of Insulin Sensitivity
Quon, M. J. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.86.10.7952 · Cited by 156
“patients with diabetes) is problematic (15, 20).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationRABASA-LHORET, R. P. R., Bastard, J., Jan, V., Ducluzeau, P., Andréelli, F., Guebre‐Egziabher, F., Bruzeau, J., Louche‐Pélissier, C., Maitrepierre, C., Peyrat, J., et al. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2002-030316 · Cited by 151
Jellis, C. L., Wright, J., Kennedy, D., et al. (2011) · Circulation Cardiovascular Imaging · doi:10.1161/circimaging.111.963587 · Cited by 147
Rector, R. S., Warner, S. O., Liu, Y., Hinton, P. S., Sun, G. Y., Cox, R. H., Stump, C. S., Laughlin, M. H., Dellsperger, K. C., & Thomas, T. R. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00116.2007 · Cited by 147
“The current findings are in agreement with previous reports, as significant associations were found between baseline levels of oxLDL with HOMA and inversely with SI and QUICKI.”
MethodInfluentialLee, S., CHOI, S., Kim, H. J., Chung, Y., Lee, K. W., Lee, H. C., Huh, K. B., & Kim, D. J. (2006) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2006.21.4.695 · Cited by 148
“Many studies have reported on several simple methods for evaluating insulin resistance that can reduce time and cost and are relatively accurate (11-13).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialAdiponectin and beta cell dysfunction in gestational diabetes: pathophysiological implications
Retnakaran, R. R., Hanley, A. J., Raif, N., Hirning, C. R., Connelly, P. W., Sermer, M., Kahn, S. E., & Zinman, B. (2005) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-005-1710-x · Cited by 148
“The QUICKI model of insulin sensitivity is defined by the following formula: 1/(log[Ins0]+log [Gluc0]) [26].”
MethodED2: Erectile Dysfunction = Endothelial Dysfunction
Guay, A. T. (2007) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2007.03.007 · Cited by 145
Freda, P. U., Shen, W., Heymsfield, S. B., Reyes-Vidal, C. M., Geer, E. B., Bruce, J. N., & Gallagher, D. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2780 · Cited by 141
Kitajima, Y., Takahashi, H., Akiyama, T., Murayama, K., Iwane, S., Kuwashiro, T., Tanaka, K., Kawazoe, S., Ono, N., Eguchi, T., et al. (2017) · Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s00535-017-1370-x · Cited by 146
“The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was determined as a marker of skeletal muscle insulin resistance using the formula QUICKI = 1/(log fasting plasma insulin ? log fasting plasma glucose) [21].”
MethodBanaszewska, B., Pawelczyk, L., Spaczynski, R. Z., Dziura, J., & Duleba, A. J. (2007) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-1988 · Cited by 143
Dey, P., Sasaki, G. Y., Wei, P. Y., Li, J., Wang, L., Zhu, J., McTigue, D. M., Yu, Z., & Bruno, R. S. (2019) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.01.017 · Cited by 145
Blasio, A. M. D., van Rossum, E. F. C., Maestrini, S., Berselli, M. E., Tagliaferri, M., Podestà, F., Koper, J. W., Liuzzi, A., & Lamberts, S. W. J. (2003) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2003.01798.x · Cited by 143
Evaluation of HOMA and QUICKI as measures of insulin sensitivity in prepubertal children
Cutfield, W. S., Jefferies, C., Jackson, W. E., Robinson, E. M., & Hofman, P. L. (2003) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1034/j.1399-5448.2003.t01-1-00022.x · Cited by 146
“(8) found little difference between one or two baseline samples in”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPolysomnography before and after weight loss in obese patients with severe sleep apnea
Dixon, J. B., Schachter, L. M., & O'Brien, P. E. (2005) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802960 · Cited by 152
Paulmichl, K., Hatunic, M., Højlund, K., Jotić, A., Krebs, M., Mitrakou, A., Porcellati, F., Tura, A., Bergsten, P., Forslund, A. H., et al. (2016) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2016.257436 · Cited by 143
Impact of Degree of Obesity on Surrogate Estimates of Insulin Resistance
Kim, S. H., Abbasi, F., & Reaven, G. M. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.8.1998 · Cited by 142
“83), which included only 12 nondiabetic subjecs (90–142% of ideal body weight), and for QUICKI (10) (r 0.”
BackgroundMethodResultHuhtaniemi, I. T., Pye, S. R., Limer, K. L., Thomson, W., O’Neill, T. W., Platt, H., Payne, D., John, S., Jiang, M., Boonen, S., et al. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0848 · Cited by 141
“In addition, the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was calculated (19).”
MethodAdiponectin Is an Important Determinant of ApoA-I Catabolism
Vergès, B. L., Petit, J., Duvillard, L., Dautin, G., Florentin, E., Galland, F., & Gambert, P. (2006) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000219611.50066.bd · Cited by 141
Metabolic Effects of Chronic Cannabis Smoking
Muniyappa, R., Sable, S., Ouwerkerk, R., Mari, A., Gharib, A. M., Walter, M. F., Courville, A. B., Hall, G., Chen, K. Y., Volkow, N. D., et al. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-2303 · Cited by 140
“QUICKI was calculated as defined previously from fasting glucose and insulin values (20).”
MethodAblation of adipocyte creatine transport impairs thermogenesis and causes diet-induced obesity
Kazak, L., Rahbani, J. F., Samborska, B., Lu, G. Z., Jedrychowski, M. P., Lajoie, M., Zhang, S., Ramsay, L., Dou, F. Y., Tenen, D. E., et al. (2019) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-019-0035-x · Cited by 146
Non-Organ-Specific Autoantibodies in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Prevalence and Correlates
Loria, P., Lonardo, A., Leonardi, F., Fontana, C., Carulli, L., Verrone, A. M., Borsatti, A., Bertolotti, M., Cassani, F., Bagni, A., et al. (2003) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1023/b:ddas.0000004522.36120.08 · Cited by 142
“5 (24) and (2) the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) defined by the formula: 1/[log (fasting insuling)+ log (fasting glucose)], where insulin is expressed in microunits per milliliter and glucose in milligrams per deciliter (25).”
MethodKunnari, A., Ukkola, O. H., Päivänsalo, M. J., & Kesäniemi, Y. A. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-2115 · Cited by 138
Insulin resistance and sympathetic overactivity in women
Kaaja, R., & Pöyhönen‐Alho, M. (2005) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/01.hjh.0000194121.19851.e5 · Cited by 139
Insulin resistance in rheumatoid arthritis: the impact of the anti‐TNF‐α therapy
González-Gay, M. Á., González‐Juanatey, C., Vázquez-Rodríguez, T. R., Miranda‐Filloy, J. A., & Llorca, J. (2010) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05287.x · Cited by 139
Abnormal Liver Function Test Predicts Type 2 Diabetes
Cho, N. H., Jang, H. C., Choi, S. H., Kim, H. R., Lee, H. K., Chan, J. C. N., & Lim, S. K. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc07-0106 · Cited by 139
“Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; GGT, -glutamyltranspeptidase; HOMA- , homeostasis model assessment of pancreatic -cell function; HOMA-IR, homeostastis model assessment of insulin resistance; QUICKI, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index.”
MethodInfluentialMa, M., Liu, H., Yu, J., He, S., Li, P., Ma, C., Zhang, H., Xu, L., Ping, F., Li, W., et al. (2020) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-020-01303-w · Cited by 140
Cross-Sectional Associations of Resistin, Coronary Heart Disease, and Insulin Resistance
Burnett, M. S., Devaney, J. M., Adenika, R. J., Lindsay, R. S., & Howard, B. V. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-1653 · Cited by 138
“grams per deciliter, respectively] as a measure of insulin sensitivity (21).”
BackgroundYilmaz, M., Bukan, N., Ayvaz, G., Karakoç, A., Törüner, F., Çakir, N., & Arslan, M. (2005) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dei258 · Cited by 138
“The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was calculated according to the following formula: 1/[log fasting serum insulin (μU/ml) + log fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl)] (Katz et al., 2000).”
MethodImpaired insulin secretion in the Turner metabolic syndrome
Bakalov, V. K., Cooley, M. M., Quon, M. J., Luo, M. L., Yanovski, J. A., Nelson, L. M., Sullivan, G., & Bondy, C. A. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-0122 · Cited by 137
“Insulin sensitivity measured by the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (15) was higher in women with TS (0.”
MethodSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Katz, A., Nambi, S. S., Mather, K., Baron, A. D., Follmann, D. A., Sullivan, G., & Quon, M. J.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2000-07-01
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 2402-2410
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2126327417
- Cited by
- 3,931
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 97 · 2025: 129 · 2024: 142 · 2023: 174 · 2022: 188 · 2021: 173 · 2020: 184 · 2019: 145 · 2018: 153 · 2017: 174 · 2016: 170 · 2015: 164 · 2014: 184 · 2013: 219 · 2012: 169
- FWCI
- 33.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Keywords
- QUICKI, insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance, fasting insulin, fasting blood glucose, glucose clamp, minimal model analysis, type 2 diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance index
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Obesity, Glucose Clamp Technique
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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