The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 3 of the 17 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans
Abstract
Insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes and is associated with obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors. The "gold standard" glucose clamp and minimal model analysis are two established methods for determining insulin sensitivity in vivo, but neither is easily implemented in large studies. Thus, it is of interest to develop a simple, accurate method for assessing insulin sensitivity that is useful for clinical investigations. We performed both hyperinsulinemic isoglycemic glucose clamp and insulin-modified frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance tests on 28 nonobese, 13 obese, and 15 type 2 diabetic subjects. We obtained correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity from glucose clamp studies (SI(Clamp)) and minimal model analysis (SI(MM)) that were comparable to previous reports (r = 0.57). We performed a sensitivity analysis on our data and discovered that physiological steady state values [i.e. fasting insulin (I(0)) and glucose (G(0))] contain critical information about insulin sensitivity. We defined a quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI = 1/[log(I(0)) + log(G(0))]) that has substantially better correlation with SI(Clamp) (r = 0.78) than the correlation we observed between SI(MM) and SI(Clamp). Moreover, we observed a comparable overall correlation between QUICKI and SI(Clamp) in a totally independent group of 21 obese and 14 nonobese subjects from another institution. We conclude that QUICKI is an index of insulin sensitivity obtained from a fasting blood sample that may be useful for clinical research.
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The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“A well accepted alternative for estimating insulin sensitivity involves minimal model analysis of a frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT) (9 -11).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > I NSULIN IS
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [9] Bergman, 1987, Equivalence of the insulin sensitivity index in man derived by the minimal model method and the euglycemic glucose clamp., J Clin Invest source
The Introduction describes minimal-model analysis of a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test as an alternative to the glucose clamp. The Discussion reports that it yielded an equivalent measure of insulin sensitivity in the study, while noting that wider validation would be needed before recommending general use. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] 1989, Lilly lecture 1989. Toward physiological understanding of glucose tolerance. Minimal-model approach., Diabetes source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [11] Saad, 1997, Differences between the tolbutamide-boosted and the insulin-modified minimal model protocols., Diabetes source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, we observed a comparable overall correlation between QUICKI and SI Clamp in a totally independent group of 21 obese and 14 nonobese subjects from another institution.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, as expected, the obese and diabetic subjects were significantly more insulin resistant than the nonobese subjects (P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ).”
- Also stated in: § Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity · plain
“As expected, when subjects were evaluated with the gold standard glucose clamp method, obese subjects were more insulin resistant, on the average, than nonobese subjects, and diabetics were the most insulin-resistant group.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp studies
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We performed a sensitivity analysis on our data and discovered that physiological steady state values [i.e.fasting insulin (I 0 ) and glucose (G 0 )] contain critical information about insulin sensitivity.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, the linear regression analysis of the subgroups corresponded more closely to the overall regression line when comparing QUICKI and SI Clamp .”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, QUICKI derived from the average results of two fasting blood samples (over 10 min) was similar to QUICKI calculated from a single sample.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interestingly, we found that the product of fasting insulin and glucose yielded an index of insulin sensitivity that was applicable to both dia-betic and nondiabetic subjects.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The basal glucose levels in the diabetic group were significantly elevated compared with those in the other groups (166 Ϯ 15 mg/dL; P Ͻ 4 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Insulin-modified FSIVGTT studies
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Note that in contrast to the minimal model-derived SI MM , we were able to calculate meaningful values of QUICKI for all diabetic subjects studied.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“QUICKI was calculated for all study subjects (mean, 0.382 Ϯ 0.007, 0.331 Ϯ 0.010, and 0.304 Ϯ 0.007 for nonobese, obese, and diabetic subjects, respectively).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
- It may state two separate claims as one. 15
- The quote only partly states this claim. 2
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Alternatively, periodic oscillations in insulin secretion (both ultradian and 10-to 15-min periods) have been reported in healthy subjects and may also contribute to the weaker correlation in this subgroup (21,22).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [21] Polonsky, 1998, Temporal profiles and clinical significance of pulsatile insulin secretion., Horm Res source
- Supportedcites [22] Polonsky, 1988, Twenty-four-hour profiles and pulsatile patterns of insulin secretion in normal and obese subjects., J Clin Invest source
The Discussion ('O Normal') describes rapid insulin pulsations in the 10–14-minute range and slower ultradian oscillations of 1–3 hours. It presents the slower oscillations in normal subjects as a finding of this study and reports the rapid pulsations from earlier studies, supporting the claim that both have been reported in healthy subjects. (LLM, conf=0.93)
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Alternatively, periodic oscillations in insulin secretion (both ultradian and 10-to 15-min periods) have been reported in healthy subjects and may also contribute to the weaker correlation in this subgroup (21,22).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [21] Polonsky, 1998, Temporal profiles and clinical significance of pulsatile insulin secretion., Horm Res source
- Partly supportedcites [22] Polonsky, 1988, Twenty-four-hour profiles and pulsatile patterns of insulin secretion in normal and obese subjects., J Clin Invest sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The discussion (section “O Normal”; page not provided) reports ultradian insulin-secretion oscillations in normal subjects and describes rapid 10–14-minute pulsations. It does not examine QUICKI, clamp-derived insulin sensitivity, or whether oscillations weaken the correlation between them in a nonobese subgroup. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We obtained correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity from glucose clamp studies (SI Clamp ) and minimal model analysis (SI MM ) that were com-parable to previous reports (r ϭ 0.57).”
- Also stated in: § Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity · plain
“The overall correlation coefficient (r) calculated from a linear least squares regression was 0.57 (P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, linear regression analysis for the subgroups revealed that the regression line for the diabetic and obese subgroups had a very different slope than that for the nonobese group.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When correlations between QUICKI and SI Clamp were calculated for each group separately, we found that r ϭ 0.49 for nonobese subjects (P Ͻ 0.01), r ϭ 0.89 for obese subjects (P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ), and r ϭ 0.7 for diabetic subjects (P Ͻ 4 ϫ 10 Ϫ3 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Reassuringly, in these independent studies, we found that the overall correlation between QUICKI and SI Clamp was similar to that in our original analysis (r ϭ 0.77; P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ11 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Both obese and diabetic subjects had significantly greater BMIs and fasting insulin levels than the nonobese subjects (P Ͻ 6 ϫ 10 Ϫ6 ), consistent with the presence of obesity and insulin resistance.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Study subjects
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This analysis yielded r ϭ 0.74 for obese subjects (n ϭ 21) and r ϭ 0.91 for nonobese subjects (n ϭ 14), with an overall correlation coefficient of r ϭ 0.90 (n ϭ 35).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the correlation coefficient for the nonobese subgroup was 0.49, and the greatest variability in the correlation between QUICKI and SI Clamp was observed among the most insulin-sensitive subjects.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As expected, the fasting glucose levels for both nonobese and obese groups were normal, whereas the diabetic group had elevated levels.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Study subjects
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similar to our results from glucose clamp studies (and in contrast to minimal model results), insulin sensitivity as assessed by QUICKI was highest in the nonobese group, intermediate in the obese group, and lowest in the diabetic group.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes and is associated with obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors.”
- Also stated in: § I NSULIN IS · plain
“plays an important pathophysiological role in diabetes (1,2).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] 1988, Lilly lecture 1987. The triumvirate: β-cell, muscle, liver. A collusion responsible for NIDDM., Diabetes
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] DeFronzo, 1992, Pathogenesis of NIDDM. A balanced overview., Diabetes Care source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
- Also stated in: § I NSULIN IS · plain
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Steady state conditions were generally achieved about 2 h after the initiation of each study and were maintained for at least 60 min.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp studies
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The overall correlation we obtained between SI Clamp and SI MM was comparable to previous reports whose study subjects included diabetics, suggesting that our studies were technically adequate.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, QUICKI provides a reproducible and robust estimate of insulin sensitivity, because equally strong correlations with SI Clamp were obtained when fasting data from either the glucose clamp or FSIVGTT studies were used to calculate QUICKI.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, this effect is unlikely to be occurring in our studies, because fasting samples were obtained at the same time in the morning for each subject, and calculating QUICKI from the average of several blood samples (instead of a single sample) did not significantly affect our correlations.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, in analyzing an independent dataset, we observed very similar correlations between QUICKI and SI Clamp , strongly suggesting that QUICKI is a robust index of insulin sensitivity.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Relative merits of QUICKI
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The inability of the minimal model to identify meaningful values for SI MM in a large fraction of our diabetic subjects is consistent with the experience of others and is most likely related to well described difficulties in estimating SI MM under conditions of inadequate insulin secretion (12).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] Saad, 1994, A comparison between the minimal model and the glucose clamp in the assessment of insulin sensitivity across the spectrum of glucose tolerance. Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study., Diabetes source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“Studies in the same subject were performed at least 1 week apart, and the order of the studies was randomized.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Subjects and Methods
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We conclude that QUICKI is an index of insulin sensitivity obtained from a fasting blood sample that may be useful for clinical research.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“QUICKI is a novel, simple, accurate, and reproducible method for determining insulin sensitivity in humans that may be a useful tool in large epidemiological investigations that study the role of insulin resistance in the pathophysiology of important public health problems such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Relative merits of QUICKI
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Potential limitations to QUICKI include difficulty in applying it to subjects with type 1 diabetes who lack endogenous insulin secretion.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Relative merits of QUICKI
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
The glucose clamp is the gold standard method for directly measuring insulin sensitivity in vivo.
“Although the glucose clamp is considered to be the gold standard method for directly measuring insulin sensitivity in vivo, it can be implemented in a number of different ways.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The distribution of fasting insulin values is skewed.
“One rational for these transformations is the fact that the distribution of fasting insulin values is skewed.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A recent placebo-controlled trial of ursodiol in NASH found that a proportion of patients receiving placebo had decreases in steatosis, but that improvements in inflammation and cell injury were uncommon.30”
From A pilot study of pioglitazone treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (2004) · cites this paper as [30]
In the citing paper
“ndirect estimates of insulin resistance, such as HOMA-IR 63 and QUICKI, 64 are derived from fasting S-insulin and glucose concentrations and have been widely used in both nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects as surrogates of insulin sensitivity.65,66”
From Increased liver fat, impaired insulin clearance, and hepatic and adipose tissue insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. (2008) · cites this paper as [64]
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Measurement of Insulin Sensitivity in Children
Schwartz, B. L., Jacobs, D. R., Moran, A., Steinberger, J., Hong, C.-P., & Sinaiko, A. R. (2008) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc07-1376 · Cited by 137
“the homeostasis model assessment [HOMA], the quantitative insulinsensitivity check index [QUICKI], and the fasting glucose-to-insulin ratio [FGIR]) have been developed and widely used in adult (5-7) and, subsequently, pediatric studies ).”
Dalmas, É., Rouault, C., Abdennour, M., Rovère, C., Rizkalla, S. W., Bar‐Hen, A., Nahon, J., Bouillot, J., Guerre-Millo, M., Clément, K., et al. (2011) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.111.013771 · Cited by 137
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“Insulin resistance was evaluated using the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) [30, 31]; this is de rived from the inverse of the sum of the decimal logarithms of the fasting insulin and fasting glucose and provides a crude estimation of insulin sensitivity.”
BackgroundMethodLonardo, A., Loria, P., Leonardi, F., Borsatti, A., Neri, P., Pulvirenti, M., Verrone, A. M., Bagni, A., Bertolotti, M., Ganazzi, D., et al. (2002) · Digestive and Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/s1590-8658(02)80194-3 · Cited by 139
Trends in Hyperinsulinemia Among Nondiabetic Adults in the U.S.
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“CIR, corrected insulin response; FGIR, fasting glucose to insulin ratio; FIRI, fasting insulin resistance index; HBSS, Hanks’ balanced salt solution; HOMA, homeostasis model assessment; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; QUICKI, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index; UCP2, uncoupling protein-2.”
MethodThe clinical biochemistry of obesity.
Sikaris, K. A. (2004) · PubMed Central · Cited by 158
Effect of a short-term diet and exercise intervention on metabolic syndrome in overweight children
Chen, A. K., Roberts, C. K., & Barnard, R. J. (2006) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2006.03.001 · Cited by 134
“The QUICKI has also been shown to correlate well with the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in both obese and nonobese individuals [15].”
ResultTakeshita, Y., Takamura, T., Honda, M., Kita, Y., Zen, Y., Kato, K., Misu, H., Ota, T., Nakamura, M., Yamada, K., et al. (2014) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-013-3149-9 · Cited by 137
“Insulin resistance was estimated by HOMA-IR, calculated as [fasting insulin (pmol/l) × fasting glucose (mmol/l)]/22.5 [12] and insulin sensitivity was estimated as the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI)[13].”
MethodInfluentialThe metabolic abnormalities associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Haque, M., & Sanyal, A. J. (2002) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/bega.2002.0325 · Cited by 136
Evidence for altered adipocyte function in polycystic ovary syndrome
Carmina, E., Orio, F., Palomba, S., Cascella, T., Longo, R. A., Colao, A., Lombardi, G., & Løbo, R. A. (2005) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.1.01868 · Cited by 134
“Insulin resistance was calculated by the quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI) ( 28 ).”
MethodKallio, P., Kolehmainen, M., Laaksonen, D. E., Kekäläinen, J., Salopuro, T., Sivenius, K., Pulkkinen, L., Mykkänen, H. M., NISKANEN, L. K., Uusitupa, M. I. J., et al. (2007) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/85.5.1417 · Cited by 131
“The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was calculated as 1/(ln insulin concentration ln glucose concentration) (25).”
MethodBansal, T. C., Guay, A. T., Jacobson, J., Woods, B. O., & Nesto, R. W. (2005) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2005.20120.x · Cited by 132
Kitajima, Y., Hyogo, H., Sumida, Y., Eguchi, Y., Ono, N., Kuwashiro, T., Tanaka, K., Takahashi, K., Mizuta, T., Ozaki, I., et al. (2013) · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1111/jgh.12227 · Cited by 131
Srivastava, S., Kashiwaya, Y., King, M. T., Baxa, U., Tam, J., Niu, G., Chen, X. S., Clarke, K., & Veech, R. L. (2012) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.11-200410 · Cited by 133
“The QUICKI (28) was calculated using fasting blood glucose (Gf, mg/dl) and fasting plasma insulin (If, U/ml) as QUICKI 1 log10 1 If 1 Gf (1)”
MethodInfluentialOuyang, P., Vaidya, D. M., Dobs, A. S., Golden, S. H., Szklo, M., Heckbert, S. R., Kopp, P. A., & Gapstur, S. M. (2008) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.08.037 · Cited by 136
Black tea consumption dose-dependently improves flow-mediated dilation in healthy males
Grassi, D., MULDER, T. P. J., Draijer, R., Desideri, G., Molhuizen, H. O. F., & Ferri, C. (2009) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e328326066c · Cited by 132
Halaby, M., Hibma, J. C., He, J., & Yang, D. (2008) · Cellular Signalling · doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2008.04.011 · Cited by 137
Wegge, J. K., Roberts, C. K., Ngo, T. H., & Barnard, R. J. (2004) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2003.10.016 · Cited by 130
Differential metabolic effects of distinct statins
Koh, K. K., Sakuma, I., & Quon, M. J. (2011) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.10.036 · Cited by 130
Self-citationBarzilai, N., Guo, H., Mahoney, E. M., Caporossi, S., Golm, G. T., Langdon, R. B., Williams‐Herman, D., Kaufman, K. D., Amatruda, J. M., Goldstein, B. J., et al. (2011) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1185/03007995.2011.568059 · Cited by 130
Patel, S. M., Ratcliffe, S. J., Reilly, M. P., Weinstein, R., Bhasin, S., Blackman, M. R., Cauley, J. A., Sutton-Tyrrell, K., Robbins, J., Fried, L. P., et al. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0740 · Cited by 132
“Insulin resistance was assessed via calculation of homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR): (fasting glucose in milligrams per deciliter insulin in microunits per milliliter)/405 (26) and insulin sensitivity by calculation of the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI): 1/(log[fasting g…”
MethodAllen, P. M., Thompson, J. L., Herman, C. J., Whyte, A. N., Wolfe, V. K., Qualls, C., & Helitzer, D. (2008) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 131
The insulin resistance by triglyceride glucose index and risk for dementia: population-based study
Hong, S., Han, K., & Park, C. (2021) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-020-00758-4 · Cited by 126
“Abbreviations AD: Alzheimer’s disease; BP: Blood pressure; BMI: Body mass index; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; CI: Confidence interval; HR: Hazard ratio; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; NHID: National Health Information Database;…”
InfluentialMarkers of insulin resistance in Polycystic ovary syndrome women: An update
Amisi, C. A. (2022) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v13.i3.129 · Cited by 158
Eisenhardt, S., Schwarzmann, N., Henschel, V., Germeyer, A., von Wolff, M., Hamann, A., & Strowitzki, T. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-1994 · Cited by 130
Surrogate measures of insulin resistance: of rats, mice, and men
Mather, K. J. (2009) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.90889.2008 · Cited by 127
“TO THE EDITOR: In studies of human metabolic physiology a number of surrogate measures of insulin resistance have been proposed, and their relationships to formal measures of whole body insulin sensitivity made by classical insulin-glucose clamp measures have been assessed (2, 8, 11, 13, 20, 22, 23, 30, 32).”
BackgroundSelf-citationFactors affecting clinical assessment of insulin sensitivity in horses
Firshman, A. M., & Valberg, S. J. (2007) · Equine Veterinary Journal · doi:10.2746/042516407x238512 · Cited by 129
Adipocyte fatty acid binding protein in a Caucasian population: a new marker of metabolic syndrome?
Stejskal, D., & Karpíšek, M. (2006) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2006.01696.x · Cited by 129
Herter‐Aeberli, I., Molinari, L., Spinas, G. A., Lehmann, R., l’Allemand, D., & Zimmermann, M. B. (2006) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/84.4.748 · Cited by 129
“The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), was calculated as follows (44):”
MethodÍndice HOMA y QUICKI, insulina y péptido C en niños sanos. Puntos de corte de riesgo cardiovascular
Cuartero, B. G., Lacalle, C. G., Lobo, C. J., Vergaz, A. G., Calvo, C., Villar, M. J. A., & Martínez, E. D. (2007) · Anales de Pediatría · doi:10.1157/13102513 · Cited by 135
“Resultados Todos los ninos presentan niveles de glucemia normales (media [DE]): 87 ( 7 ,75) mg/dl.”
BackgroundKolodziejski, P. A., Pruszyńska‐Oszmałek, E., Korek, E., Sassek, M., Szczepankiewicz, D., KACZMAREK, P., Nogowski, L., Maćkowiak, P., Nowak, K. W., Krauss, H., et al. (2018) · Physiological Research · doi:10.33549/physiolres.933467 · Cited by 130
Avaliação laboratorial e diagnóstico da resistência insulínica
Geloneze, B., & Tambascia, M. A. (2006) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia · doi:10.1590/s0004-27302006000200007 · Cited by 127
Impaired insulin sensitivity among nondiabetic patients with a recent TIA or ischemic stroke
Kernan, W. N., Inzucchi, S. E., Viscoli, C. M., Brass, L. M., Bravata, D. M., Shulman, G. I., McVeety, J. C., & Horwitz, R. I. (2003) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000063318.66140.a3 · Cited by 126
“African American ethnicity 5/6 (83) 31/66 (47) 1.”
Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Metformin for Adolescents With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Bridger, T., MacDonald, S., Baltzer, F., & Rodd, C. (2006) · Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.160.3.241 · Cited by 126
Maternal insulin resistance and preeclampsia
Hauth, J. C., Clifton, R. G., Roberts, J. M., Myatt, L., Spong, C. Y., Leveno, K. J., Varner, M. W., Wapner, R. J., Thorp, J. M., Mercer, B. M., et al. (2011) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2011.02.024 · Cited by 146
A 20-Year Follow-up of Young Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Carmina, E., Campagna, A. M., & Lobo, R. A. (2012) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0b013e31823f7135 · Cited by 128
Kelishadi, R., Hashemi, M., Mohammadifard, N., Asgary, S., & Khavarian, N. (2007) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2007.089953 · Cited by 122
“2 Clinical Chemistry 54:1 (2008) tivity check index [QUICKI, 1/(log fasting insulin in mU/L log fasting glucose in mg/dL)] ( 20 ).”
BackgroundCho, N. H., Chan, J. C. N., Jang, H. C., Lim, S. K., Kim, H. L., & Choi, S. H. (2009) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03586.x · Cited by 127
Alcalá, M., Sánchez‐Vera, I., Sevillano, J., Herrero, L., Serra, D., Ramos, P., & Viana, M. (2015) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.21135 · Cited by 129
“For estimation of insulin resistance, HOMA index was calculated as previously described (16).”
MethodGonzales, M. M., Tarumi, T., Miles, S. C., Tanaka, H., Shah, F., & Haley, A. P. (2010) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2010.183 · Cited by 129
“Insulin sensitivity was calculated using the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), a measure that has been well validated in relation to euglycemic–hyperinsulinemic clamps (20).”
BackgroundMethodGlucose Metabolism After Renal Transplantation
Hecking, M., Kainz, A., Werzowa, J. M., Haidinger, M., Döller, D., Tura, A., Karaboyas, A., Hörl, W. H., Wolzt, M., Sharif, A., et al. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-2441 · Cited by 124
“Insulin sensitivity was evaluated in dynamic conditions through the oral glucose insulin sensitivity index (OGIS), which describes glucose clearance per unit change of insulin concentration (21), and at fasting by the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (22).”
MethodInfluentialPolysomnography Before and After Weight Loss in Obese Patients With Severe Sleep Apnea
Phillips, B. A. (2007) · Yearbook of Pulmonary Disease · doi:10.1016/s8756-3452(08)70466-3 · Cited by 121
Davis, L., Stonehouse, W., Loots, D. T., Mukuddem-Petersen, J., van der Westhuizen, F. H., Hanekom, S. M., & Jerling, J. C. (2007) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-007-0647-x · Cited by 121
“5 [22].”
MethodGlucose tolerance and vitamin D: Effects of treating vitamin D deficiency
Tai, K., Need, A. G., Horowitz, M., & Chapman, I. M. (2008) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2008.04.009 · Cited by 121
Sollid, S. T., Hutchinson, M. Y. S., Fuskevåg, O., Figenschau, Y., Joakimsen, R. M., Schirmer, H., Njølstad, I., Svartberg, J. B., Kamycheva, E., & Jorde, R. (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-0218 · Cited by 121
“Estimates of insulin sensitivity were calculated with HOMA-IR ([insulin (pmol/L)3 glucose (mmol/L)]/135) (25) and QUICKI (1 / [log insulin (mU/mL) + log glucose (mg/dL)]) (26).”
MethodZhou, L., Zhang, J., Fang, Q., Liu, M., Liu, X., Jia, W., Dong, L., & Liu, F. (2009) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.109.057067 · Cited by 124
“per deciliter)] (Katz et al., 2000).”
Circulating serum irisin levels in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Shoukry, A., Shalaby, S. M., Bdeer, S. E., Mahmoud, A. A., Mousa, M. M., & Khalifa, A. (2016) · IUBMB Life · doi:10.1002/iub.1511 · Cited by 125
“Insulin sensitivity was calculated by the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) according to the following formula: 1/[log fasting insulin (lU/mL) 1 log fasting glucose (mg/dL)] (18).”
MethodGeorge, L. A., Bacha, F. F., Lee, S., Tfayli, H. M., Andreatta, E., & Arslanian, S. A. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2010-2813 · Cited by 120
Neuschwander‐Tetri, B. A., Brunt, E. M., Wehmeier, K. R., Sponseller, C. A., Hampton, K., & Bacon, B. R. (2003) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/s0168-8278(03)00027-8 · Cited by 118
“sensitivity was calculated using fasting insulin (Ins0) and glucose (Gluc0) levels according to the formula 1=logðGluc0 £ Ins0Þ [29].”
MethodDifferential metabolic effects of pravastatin and simvastatin in hypercholesterolemic patients
Koh, K. K., Quon, M. J., Han, S. H., Lee, Y., Kim, S. J., Park, J. B., & Shin, E. K. (2009) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.09.021 · Cited by 119
“Quantitative InsulinSensitivity Check Index (QUICKI), a surrogate index of insulin sensitivity based on fasting glucose and insulin levels, was calculated as follows (insulin is expressed in microU/ml and glucose in mg/dl): QUICKI = 1/[log(insulin) + log(glucose)] [31,32].”
MethodSelf-citationGómez‐Ambrosi, J., Salvador, J., Páramo, J. A., Orbe, J., de Irala, J., Diez-Caballero, A., Gil, M. J., Cienfuegos, J. A., & Frühbeck, G. (2002) · Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0009-9120(02)00320-x · Cited by 119
“Results: Obese subjects had higher levels as compared to controls of BF (37.5 5 1 vs. 26.0 6.6, p 0.01), fibrinogen (3.30 0.43 vs. 2.67 0.11,p 0.01), vWF (136.4 50.4% vs. 81.6 12.6%,p 0.05), and leptin (17.6 8.7 vs. 6.2 3.3, p 0.01), lower concentrations of HDL-cholesterol (1.09 0.20 vs. 1.51 0.10,p 0.001) and lower Q…”
MethodInfluentialRodríguez, A., Gómez‐Ambrosi, J., Catalán, V., Rotellar, F., Valentí, V., Silva, C., Mugueta, C., Pulido, M. R., Vázquez, R., Salvador, J., et al. (2012) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-012-2671-5 · Cited by 122
“Insulin resistance and sensitivity were calculated using the HOMA and QUICKI indices, respectively [19, 20].”
MethodInsulin Resistance and Skin Diseases
Napolitano, M., Megna, M., & Monfrecola, G. (2015) · The Scientific World JOURNAL · doi:10.1155/2015/479354 · Cited by 123
“However, Katz et al. proposed a new formula to calculate insulin sensitivity that relies less on insulin levels, called the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) [12].”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Effects of Carbohydrate, Unsaturated Fat, and Protein Intake on Measures of Insulin Sensitivity
Gadgil, M. D., Appel, L. J., Yeung, E., Anderson, C. A. M., Sacks, F. M., & Miller, E. R. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-0869 · Cited by 120
“In the absence of dynamic measurements, we have several measures of insulin sensitivity, and QUICKI appears the best suited for our population (8,14,22).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialNovoa, F. J., Boronat, M., Saavedra, P., Díaz-Cremades, J., Varillas, V. F., Roche, F. L., Alberiche, M., & Carrillo, A. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.10.2388 · Cited by 118
Velikonja, A., Lipoglavšek, L., Zorec, M., Orel, R., & Avguštin, G. (2018) · Anaerobe · doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.11.002 · Cited by 121
Lu, Z., Xiong, Y., Feng, X., Yang, K., Gu, H., Zhao, X., Meng, X., & Wang, Y. (2023) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-023-01925-1 · Cited by 121
“…insulin resistance markers like homeostasis assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) [31], quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) [32], and TyG index [33] were discovered successively, but more large-scale clinical studies are required for the extensive application of these…”
BackgroundToms, T. E., Panoulas, V. F., John, H., Douglas, K., & Kitas, G. D. (2009) · Arthritis Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/ar2765 · Cited by 119
“Page 1 of 10 (page number not for citation purposes) Apo: apolipoprotein; CI: confidence interval; CRP: C-reactive protein; CVD: cardiovascular disease; DAS28: 28-joint disease assessment score; DMARD: disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs; EGIR: European Group for Study of Insulin Resistance; ESR: erythrocyte sedime…”
MethodInfluentialCiampelli, M., Leoni, F., Cucinelli, F., Mancuso, S., Panunzi, S., Gaetano, A. D., & Lanzone, A. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-0410 · Cited by 120
Novel Insulin Sensitivity Index Derived from Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
Soonthornpun, S., Setasuban, W., Thamprasit, A., Chayanunnukul, W., Rattarasarn, C., & Geater, A. F. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021127 · Cited by 118
Dietary carbohydrate modification enhances insulin secretion in persons with the metabolic syndrome
Laaksonen, D. E., Toppinen, L., Juntunen, K. S., Autio, K., Liukkonen, K. H., Poutanen, K. S., NISKANEN, L. K., & Mykkänen, H. M. (2005) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/82.6.1218 · Cited by 119
“We used the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index [QUICKI; 1/(ln insulin concentration ln glucose concentration)] (19), which was measured from the fasting blood samples that were taken at the beginning of the OGTT.”
MethodNonalcoholic fatty liver disease: diagnosis and management.
Wilkins, T., Tadkod, A., Hepburn, I. S., & Schade, R. R. (2013) · PubMed · Cited by 117
Willette, A. A., Modanlo, N., Kapogiannis, D., & Initiative, A. D. N. (2015) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db14-1507 · Cited by 118
“HOMA-IR (20) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (21) were calculated from insulin and glucose values from the baseline visit.”
MethodInfluentialIndirect insulin resistance detection: Current clinical trends and laboratory limitations
Płaczkowska, S., Pawlik-Sobecka, L., Kokot, I., & Piwowar, A. (2019) · Biomedical Papers · doi:10.5507/bp.2019.021 · Cited by 118
Fasting Plasma Glucose and Serum Lipids in Patients With Primary Aldosteronism
Matrozova, J., Steichen, O., Amar, L., Zacharieva, S., Jeunemaı̂tre, X., & Plouin, P. (2009) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.108.122002 · Cited by 121
Low plasma adiponectin concentration is an indicator of the metabolic syndrome
Santaniemi, M., Kesäniemi, Y. A., & Ukkola, O. H. (2006) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.1.02287 · Cited by 117
Belli, S., Graffigna, M. N., Oneto, A., Otero, P., Schurman, L., & Levalle, O. A. (2004) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.08.024 · Cited by 117
X-chromosome gene dosage and the risk of diabetes in Turner syndrome
Bakalov, V. K., Cheng, C., Zhou, J., & Bondy, C. A. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0384 · Cited by 118
Beneficial Effects of Fresh and Fermented Kimchi in Prediabetic Individuals
An, S.-Y., Lee, M. S., Jeon, J. Y., Ha, E. S., Kim, T. H., Yoon, J. Y., Ok, C.-O., Lee, H., Hwang, W., Choe, S. J., et al. (2013) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000353583 · Cited by 118
Capuron, L., Poitou, C., Machaux-Tholliez, D., Frochot, V., Bouillot, J., Basdevant, A., Layé, S., & Clément, K. (2010) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291710001984 · Cited by 125
“Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI; Katz et al. 2000).”
MethodRizza, S., Tesauro, M., Cardillo, C., Galli, A., Iantorno, M., Gigli, F., Sbraccia, P., Federici, M., Quon, M. J., & Lauro, D. (2009) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.03.006 · Cited by 117
Self-citationMangili, A., Gerrior, J., Tang, A., O’Leary, D. H., Polak, J. F., Schaefer, E. J., Gorbach, S. L., & Wanke, C. A. (2006) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/509575 · Cited by 116
“was calculated with the formula QUICKI p (1 / [log (insulin) + log (glucose)]) [31].”
MethodEffect of Android to Gynoid Fat Ratio on Insulin Resistance in Obese Youth
Aucouturier, J., Meyer, M., Thivel, D., Taillardat, M., & Duché, P. (2009) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.148 · Cited by 117
“5(19) and quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index, as 1/(log fasting insulin level log fasting glucose level).(20)”
Guercio, G., Rivarola, M. A., Chaler, E., Maceiras, M., & Belgorosky, A. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2002-020979 · Cited by 116
“Furthermore, because a correlation between the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI; QUICKI 1/log I log G) and the euglycemic glucose clamp has been reported, QUICKI has been proposed as a simple and accurate method to assess insulin sensitivity (21).”
MethodMelatonin improves metabolic syndrome induced by high fructose intake in rats
Kitagawa, A., Ohta, Y., & Ohashi, K. (2012) · Journal of Pineal Research · doi:10.1111/j.1600-079x.2011.00955.x · Cited by 116
Moon, S., Park, J.-S., & Ahn, Y.-H. (2017) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2017.32.3.427 · Cited by 118
“Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMAIR), derived from the product of the fasting levels of insulin and glucose, is a robust tool used as a surrogate measure for insulin resistance (5-8).”
MethodDouble diabetes—when type 1 diabetes meets type 2 diabetes: definition, pathogenesis and recognition
Bielka, W., Przezak, A., Molęda, P., Pius‐Sadowska, E., & Machaliński, B. (2024) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-024-02145-x · Cited by 150
“Additional indirect insulin resistance indices, such as the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) or the Matsuda index, have been established; however, most of these indices cannot be applied in type 1 diabetic patients [62, 63].”
BackgroundComplement Factor H Is Expressed in Adipose Tissue in Association With Insulin Resistance
Moreno‐Navarrete, J. M., Martínez‐Barricarte, R., Catalán, V., Sabater, M., Gómez‐Ambrosi, J., Ortega, F. J., Ricart, W., Blüher, M., Frühbeck, G., de Córdoba, S. R., et al. (2009) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db09-0700 · Cited by 118
“In the weight loss study, an indirect measure of insulin sensitivity was calculated from the fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations by using the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (32).”
MethodInsulin Resistance After Renal Transplantation
Hjelmesaeth, J. S., Midtvedt, K., Jenssen, T. G., et al. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.12.2121 · Cited by 116
Chu, M. C., Cosper, P., Orio, F., Carmina, E., & Lobo, R. A. (2006) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2005.06.073 · Cited by 113
Huang, H., Kasumov, T., Gatmaitan, P., Heneghan, H., Kashyap, S. R., Schauer, P. R., Brethauer, S. A., & Kirwan, J. P. (2011) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2011.107 · Cited by 113
“The decrease in total ceramide concentrations also correlated significantly with an increase in insulin sensitivity as measured by ISQUICKI (r = −0.68, P = 0.02, Figure 2b) and decrease in TNF-α concentrations (r = 0.64 P = 0.03, Figure 2c).”
MethodInfluentialDurham, A. E., Rendle, D. I., & Newton, J. R. (2008) · Equine Veterinary Journal · doi:10.2746/042516408x273648 · Cited by 117
Koh, K. K., Quon, M. J., Han, S. H., Lee, Y., Ahn, J. Y., Kim, S. J., Koh, Y., & Shin, E. K. (2008) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc07-2199 · Cited by 114
Self-citationTryptophan Predicts the Risk for Future Type 2 Diabetes
Chen, T., Zheng, X., Ma, X., Bao, Y., Ni, Y., Hu, C., Rajani, C., Huang, F., Zhao, A., Jia, W., et al. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0162192 · Cited by 115
Thomas, E. L., Parkinson, J. R. C., Hyde, M. J., Yap, I. K. S., Holmes, E. C., Doré, C. J., Bell, J. D., & Modi, N. (2011) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/pdr.0b013e31822d7860 · Cited by 114
Talebizadeh, Z., & Butler, M. G. (2004) · Clinical Genetics · doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.2004.00392.x · Cited by 113
“The insulin sensitivity index or QUICKI, defined as 1/[log (I0)þ log (G0)], where I0 is fasting insulin and G0 is fasting glucose (31), was also calculated for each subject.”
MethodCario, H., Holl, R. W., Debatin, K., & KOHNE, E. (2003) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-002-1121-7 · Cited by 113
“A modification of the HOMA index was proposed by Katz et al [ 16 ], abbreviated as QUICKI (quantitative insulin sensitivity check index):”
MethodBergman, R. N., Zaccaro, D. J., Watanabe, R. M., Haffner, S. M., Saad, M. F., Norris, J. M., Wagenknecht, L. E., Hokanson, J. E., Rotter, J. I., & Rich, S. S. (2003) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.8.2168 · Cited by 109
“However, to the extent that the changes in insulin action due to environment are pleiotropic with specific genes, fasting-based methods such as HOMA, QUICKI, and Bennett's Index may not be appropriate.”
InfluentialMetabolic syndrome throughout the menopausal transition: influence of age and menopausal status
Mesch, V., Boero, L. E., Siseles, N., Royer, M., de Prada, M. G., Sayegh, F., Schreier, L. E., Benencia, H., & Berg, G. A. (2006) · Climacteric · doi:10.1080/13697130500487331 · Cited by 111
Puder, J. J., Nilavar, S., Post, K. D., et al. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-2009 · Cited by 112
Campia, U., Matuskey, L. A., & Panza, J. A. (2006) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.105.549618 · Cited by 112
Panidis, D., Farmakiotis, D., Rousso, D., Kourtis, A., Katsikis, I., & Krassas, G. (2008) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.04.043 · Cited by 111
A newly identified polysaccharide from Ganoderma atrum attenuates hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia
Zhu, K., Nie, S., Li, C., Lin, S., Xing, M., Li, W., Gong, D., & Xie, M. (2013) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.03.009 · Cited by 110
Perseghin, G., Calori, G., Lattuada, G., Ragogna, F., Dugnani, E., Garancini, M. P., Crosignani, P., Villa, M., Bosi, E., Ruotolo, G., et al. (2012) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-011-0361-2 · Cited by 110
“HOMA-IR, the mathematical product of fasting glucose and insulin, was independently associated with cancer mortality (Table 4), but even if HOMA-IR is known to be a reliable surrogate marker of insulin resistance with respect to glucose metabolism [18, 19], we feel difficult to speculate about how HOMA-IR may reflect…”
BackgroundDefining Hyperandrogenism in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Challenging Perspective
Pasquali, R., Zanotti, L., Fanelli, F., Mezzullo, M., Fazzini, A., Labate, A. M. M., Repaci, A., Ribichini, D., & Gambineri, A. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-4009 · Cited by 112
Naringenin improves insulin sensitivity in gestational diabetes mellitus mice through AMPK
Li, S., Zhang, Y., Sun, Y., Zhang, G., Bai, J., Guo, J., Su, X., Du, H., Cao, X., Yang, J., et al. (2019) · Nutrition and Diabetes · doi:10.1038/s41387-019-0095-8 · Cited by 116
Effect of vitamin�D supplementation on polycystic ovary syndrome: A meta‑analysis
Miao, C., Fang, X., Chen, Y., & Zhang, Q. (2020) · Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine · doi:10.3892/etm.2020.8525 · Cited by 111
“HOMA-IR, HOMA-B are both important factors in the development of diabetes, and are also used as one of the main methods to measure insulin sensitivity (11,12).”
Method
Metadata
- Authors
- Katz, A., Nambi, S. S., Mather, K., Baron, A. D., Follmann, D. A., Sullivan, G., & Quon, M. J.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2000-07-01
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 2402-2410
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2126327417
- Cited by
- 3,931
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 97 · 2025: 129 · 2024: 142 · 2023: 174 · 2022: 188 · 2021: 173 · 2020: 184 · 2019: 145 · 2018: 153 · 2017: 174 · 2016: 170 · 2015: 164 · 2014: 184 · 2013: 219 · 2012: 169
- FWCI
- 33.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Keywords
- QUICKI, insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance, fasting insulin, fasting blood glucose, glucose clamp, minimal model analysis, type 2 diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance index
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Obesity, Glucose Clamp Technique
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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