The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 3 of the 17 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans
Abstract
Insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes and is associated with obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors. The "gold standard" glucose clamp and minimal model analysis are two established methods for determining insulin sensitivity in vivo, but neither is easily implemented in large studies. Thus, it is of interest to develop a simple, accurate method for assessing insulin sensitivity that is useful for clinical investigations. We performed both hyperinsulinemic isoglycemic glucose clamp and insulin-modified frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance tests on 28 nonobese, 13 obese, and 15 type 2 diabetic subjects. We obtained correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity from glucose clamp studies (SI(Clamp)) and minimal model analysis (SI(MM)) that were comparable to previous reports (r = 0.57). We performed a sensitivity analysis on our data and discovered that physiological steady state values [i.e. fasting insulin (I(0)) and glucose (G(0))] contain critical information about insulin sensitivity. We defined a quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI = 1/[log(I(0)) + log(G(0))]) that has substantially better correlation with SI(Clamp) (r = 0.78) than the correlation we observed between SI(MM) and SI(Clamp). Moreover, we observed a comparable overall correlation between QUICKI and SI(Clamp) in a totally independent group of 21 obese and 14 nonobese subjects from another institution. We conclude that QUICKI is an index of insulin sensitivity obtained from a fasting blood sample that may be useful for clinical research.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
3 of 17 cited sources checked · 2 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“A well accepted alternative for estimating insulin sensitivity involves minimal model analysis of a frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT) (9 -11).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > I NSULIN IS
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [9] Bergman, 1987, Equivalence of the insulin sensitivity index in man derived by the minimal model method and the euglycemic glucose clamp., J Clin Invest source
The Introduction describes minimal-model analysis of a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test as an alternative to the glucose clamp. The Discussion reports that it yielded an equivalent measure of insulin sensitivity in the study, while noting that wider validation would be needed before recommending general use. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] 1989, Lilly lecture 1989. Toward physiological understanding of glucose tolerance. Minimal-model approach., Diabetes source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [11] Saad, 1997, Differences between the tolbutamide-boosted and the insulin-modified minimal model protocols., Diabetes source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, we observed a comparable overall correlation between QUICKI and SI Clamp in a totally independent group of 21 obese and 14 nonobese subjects from another institution.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, as expected, the obese and diabetic subjects were significantly more insulin resistant than the nonobese subjects (P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ).”
- Also stated in: § Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity · plain
“As expected, when subjects were evaluated with the gold standard glucose clamp method, obese subjects were more insulin resistant, on the average, than nonobese subjects, and diabetics were the most insulin-resistant group.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp studies
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We performed a sensitivity analysis on our data and discovered that physiological steady state values [i.e.fasting insulin (I 0 ) and glucose (G 0 )] contain critical information about insulin sensitivity.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, the linear regression analysis of the subgroups corresponded more closely to the overall regression line when comparing QUICKI and SI Clamp .”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, QUICKI derived from the average results of two fasting blood samples (over 10 min) was similar to QUICKI calculated from a single sample.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interestingly, we found that the product of fasting insulin and glucose yielded an index of insulin sensitivity that was applicable to both dia-betic and nondiabetic subjects.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The basal glucose levels in the diabetic group were significantly elevated compared with those in the other groups (166 Ϯ 15 mg/dL; P Ͻ 4 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Insulin-modified FSIVGTT studies
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Note that in contrast to the minimal model-derived SI MM , we were able to calculate meaningful values of QUICKI for all diabetic subjects studied.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“QUICKI was calculated for all study subjects (mean, 0.382 Ϯ 0.007, 0.331 Ϯ 0.010, and 0.304 Ϯ 0.007 for nonobese, obese, and diabetic subjects, respectively).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
- It may state two separate claims as one. 15
- The quote only partly states this claim. 2
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Alternatively, periodic oscillations in insulin secretion (both ultradian and 10-to 15-min periods) have been reported in healthy subjects and may also contribute to the weaker correlation in this subgroup (21,22).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [21] Polonsky, 1998, Temporal profiles and clinical significance of pulsatile insulin secretion., Horm Res source
- Supportedcites [22] Polonsky, 1988, Twenty-four-hour profiles and pulsatile patterns of insulin secretion in normal and obese subjects., J Clin Invest source
The Discussion ('O Normal') describes rapid insulin pulsations in the 10–14-minute range and slower ultradian oscillations of 1–3 hours. It presents the slower oscillations in normal subjects as a finding of this study and reports the rapid pulsations from earlier studies, supporting the claim that both have been reported in healthy subjects. (LLM, conf=0.93)
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Alternatively, periodic oscillations in insulin secretion (both ultradian and 10-to 15-min periods) have been reported in healthy subjects and may also contribute to the weaker correlation in this subgroup (21,22).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [21] Polonsky, 1998, Temporal profiles and clinical significance of pulsatile insulin secretion., Horm Res source
- Partly supportedcites [22] Polonsky, 1988, Twenty-four-hour profiles and pulsatile patterns of insulin secretion in normal and obese subjects., J Clin Invest sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The discussion (section “O Normal”; page not provided) reports ultradian insulin-secretion oscillations in normal subjects and describes rapid 10–14-minute pulsations. It does not examine QUICKI, clamp-derived insulin sensitivity, or whether oscillations weaken the correlation between them in a nonobese subgroup. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We obtained correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity from glucose clamp studies (SI Clamp ) and minimal model analysis (SI MM ) that were com-parable to previous reports (r ϭ 0.57).”
- Also stated in: § Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity · plain
“The overall correlation coefficient (r) calculated from a linear least squares regression was 0.57 (P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, linear regression analysis for the subgroups revealed that the regression line for the diabetic and obese subgroups had a very different slope than that for the nonobese group.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When correlations between QUICKI and SI Clamp were calculated for each group separately, we found that r ϭ 0.49 for nonobese subjects (P Ͻ 0.01), r ϭ 0.89 for obese subjects (P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 ), and r ϭ 0.7 for diabetic subjects (P Ͻ 4 ϫ 10 Ϫ3 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Reassuringly, in these independent studies, we found that the overall correlation between QUICKI and SI Clamp was similar to that in our original analysis (r ϭ 0.77; P Ͻ 2 ϫ 10 Ϫ11 ).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Both obese and diabetic subjects had significantly greater BMIs and fasting insulin levels than the nonobese subjects (P Ͻ 6 ϫ 10 Ϫ6 ), consistent with the presence of obesity and insulin resistance.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Study subjects
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This analysis yielded r ϭ 0.74 for obese subjects (n ϭ 21) and r ϭ 0.91 for nonobese subjects (n ϭ 14), with an overall correlation coefficient of r ϭ 0.90 (n ϭ 35).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Correlations between indexes of insulin sensitivity
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the correlation coefficient for the nonobese subgroup was 0.49, and the greatest variability in the correlation between QUICKI and SI Clamp was observed among the most insulin-sensitive subjects.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As expected, the fasting glucose levels for both nonobese and obese groups were normal, whereas the diabetic group had elevated levels.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Study subjects
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similar to our results from glucose clamp studies (and in contrast to minimal model results), insulin sensitivity as assessed by QUICKI was highest in the nonobese group, intermediate in the obese group, and lowest in the diabetic group.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Insulin resistance plays an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes and is associated with obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors.”
- Also stated in: § I NSULIN IS · plain
“plays an important pathophysiological role in diabetes (1,2).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1] 1988, Lilly lecture 1987. The triumvirate: β-cell, muscle, liver. A collusion responsible for NIDDM., Diabetes
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] DeFronzo, 1992, Pathogenesis of NIDDM. A balanced overview., Diabetes Care source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
- Also stated in: § I NSULIN IS · plain
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Steady state conditions were generally achieved about 2 h after the initiation of each study and were maintained for at least 60 min.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp studies
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The overall correlation we obtained between SI Clamp and SI MM was comparable to previous reports whose study subjects included diabetics, suggesting that our studies were technically adequate.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, QUICKI provides a reproducible and robust estimate of insulin sensitivity, because equally strong correlations with SI Clamp were obtained when fasting data from either the glucose clamp or FSIVGTT studies were used to calculate QUICKI.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, this effect is unlikely to be occurring in our studies, because fasting samples were obtained at the same time in the morning for each subject, and calculating QUICKI from the average of several blood samples (instead of a single sample) did not significantly affect our correlations.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > QUICKI
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, in analyzing an independent dataset, we observed very similar correlations between QUICKI and SI Clamp , strongly suggesting that QUICKI is a robust index of insulin sensitivity.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Relative merits of QUICKI
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The inability of the minimal model to identify meaningful values for SI MM in a large fraction of our diabetic subjects is consistent with the experience of others and is most likely related to well described difficulties in estimating SI MM under conditions of inadequate insulin secretion (12).”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Glucose clamp and minimal model estimates of insulin sensitivity
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [12] Saad, 1994, A comparison between the minimal model and the glucose clamp in the assessment of insulin sensitivity across the spectrum of glucose tolerance. Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study., Diabetes source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Studies in the same subject were performed at least 1 week apart, and the order of the studies was randomized.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Subjects and Methods
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We conclude that QUICKI is an index of insulin sensitivity obtained from a fasting blood sample that may be useful for clinical research.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“QUICKI is a novel, simple, accurate, and reproducible method for determining insulin sensitivity in humans that may be a useful tool in large epidemiological investigations that study the role of insulin resistance in the pathophysiology of important public health problems such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Relative merits of QUICKI
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Potential limitations to QUICKI include difficulty in applying it to subjects with type 1 diabetes who lack endogenous insulin secretion.”
§ Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index: A Simple, Accurate Method for Assessing Insulin Sensitivity In Humans > Relative merits of QUICKI
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
The glucose clamp is the gold standard method for directly measuring insulin sensitivity in vivo.
“Although the glucose clamp is considered to be the gold standard method for directly measuring insulin sensitivity in vivo, it can be implemented in a number of different ways.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The distribution of fasting insulin values is skewed.
“One rational for these transformations is the fact that the distribution of fasting insulin values is skewed.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A recent placebo-controlled trial of ursodiol in NASH found that a proportion of patients receiving placebo had decreases in steatosis, but that improvements in inflammation and cell injury were uncommon.30”
From A pilot study of pioglitazone treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (2004) · cites this paper as [30]
In the citing paper
“ndirect estimates of insulin resistance, such as HOMA-IR 63 and QUICKI, 64 are derived from fasting S-insulin and glucose concentrations and have been widely used in both nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects as surrogates of insulin sensitivity.65,66”
From Increased liver fat, impaired insulin clearance, and hepatic and adipose tissue insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. (2008) · cites this paper as [64]
Citations
Cites
An Introduction to the Bootstrap
Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1994) · doi:10.1201/9780429246593 · Cited by 40,500
Matthews, D. R., Hosker, J. P., Rudenski, A. S., Naylor, B. A., Treacher, D. F., & Turner, R. C. (1985) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00280883 · Cited by 31,502
An Introduction to the Bootstrap
Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1993) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-4541-9 · Cited by 21,230
Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus* (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.2007.s5 · Cited by 10,325
Glucose clamp technique: a method for quantifying insulin secretion and resistance.
DeFronzo, R. A., Tobin, J. D., & Andres, R. (1979) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1979.237.3.e214 · Cited by 7,425
Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus (1997) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.20.7.1183 · Cited by 6,220
The Triumvirate: β-Cell, Muscle, Liver: A Collusion Responsible for NIDDM
DeFronzo, R. A. (1988) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.37.6.667 · Cited by 2,456
Pathogenesis of NIDDM. A balanced overview.
DeFronzo, R. A., Bonadonna, R. C., & Ferrannini, E. (1992) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.15.3.318 · Cited by 2,085
Reaven, G. M., Lithell, H., & Landsberg, L. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199602083340607 · Cited by 1,435
Toward Physiological Understanding of Glucose Tolerance: Minimal-Model Approach
Bergman, R. N. (1989) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.38.12.1512 · Cited by 1,001
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 3,800
Ekstedt, M., Franzén, L. E., Mathiesen, U. L., Holmqvist, M., Bodemar, G., & Kechagias, S. (2007) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2007.02.013 · Cited by 272
Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome and Functional and Structural Brain Impairments in Adolescence
Yau, P. L., Castro, M. G., Tagani, A., Tsui, W. H., & Convit, A. J. (2012) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2012-0324 · Cited by 280
Metabolically-Healthy Obesity and Coronary Artery Calcification
Chang, Y., Kim, B.-K., Yun, K. E., Cho, J., Zhang, Y., Rampal, S., Zhao, D., Jung, H. S., Choi, Y., Ahn, J., et al. (2014) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.03.042 · Cited by 269
Molinaro, A., Lassen, P. B., Henricsson, M., Wu, H., Adriouch, S., Belda, E., Chakaroun, R., Nielsen, T., Bergh, P., Rouault, C., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19589-w · Cited by 287
Silfen, M. E., Denburg, M. R., Manibo, A. M., Lobo, R. A., Jaffe, R., Ferin, M., Levine, L. S., & Oberfield, S. E. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-030617 · Cited by 269
Öst, A., Svensson, K., Ruishalme, I., Brännmark, C., Franck, N., Krook, H., Sandström, P., Kjølhede, P., & Strålfors, P. (2010) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.2119/molmed.2010.00023 · Cited by 274
Chen, H., Sullivan, G., & Quon, M. J. (2005) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.7.1914 · Cited by 269
“Because previous studies demonstrated a linear relationship between SIClamp and QUICKI or SIMM (19,21,43), we chose a standard calibration model to evaluate the predictive accuracy of various simple surrogate indexes of insulin sensitivity.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationSelection of the appropriate method for the assessment of insulin resistance
Borai, A., Livingstone, C., Kaddam, I., & Ferns, G. A. (2011) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-11-158 · Cited by 276
“QUICKI 1/[log fasting insulin (mU/L) + log fasting glucose (mg/dL)] [46]”
BackgroundPanahi, Y., Kianpour, P., Mohtashami, R., Jafari, R., Simental‐Mendía, L. E., & Sahebkar, A. (2016) · Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fjc.0000000000000406 · Cited by 272
Sex hormone binding globulin and insulin resistance
Wallace, I. R., McKinley, M. C., Bell, P. M., & Hunter, S. J. (2013) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.12086 · Cited by 268
Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Alternative Definitions of the Metabolic Syndrome
Hanley, A. J., Karter, A. J., Williams, K., Festa, A., Agostino, R. B. D., Wagenknecht, L. E., & Haffner, S. M. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.105.559633 · Cited by 267
Correlation between vitamin D3 deficiency and insulin resistance in pregnancy
Maghbooli, Z., Hossein‐Nezhad, A., Karimi, F., Shafaei, A. R., & Larijani, B. A. (2007) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.737 · Cited by 266
“QUICKI is the inverse log sum of fasting insulin and fasting glucose [19].”
BackgroundLi, R., Brereton, R. E., Anderson, R. A., Wallace, A. M., & Ho, C. K. M. (2011) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2011.03.002 · Cited by 266
“sensitivity check index (QUICKI) according to the following formula: 1/{log [fasting insulin (milliunits per liter)] + log [fasting glucose (milligrams per deciliter)]}[16].”
BackgroundMethodGlucose Metabolism In Vivo in Four Commonly Used Inbred Mouse Strains
Berglund, E. D., Li, C. Y., Poffenberger, G., Ayala, J. E., Fueger, P. T., Willis, S. E., Jewell, M. M., Powers, A. C., & Wasserman, D. H. (2008) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db07-1615 · Cited by 265
“SIClamp was defined as M/(G I) (14), where M is the steady-state GIR, G is steady-state glucose, and I is the difference between basal and steady-state insulin.”
BackgroundMethodBrown, T. T., Li, X., Cole, S. R., Kingsley, L., Palella, F. J., Riddler, S. A., Chmiel, J. S., Visscher, B. R., Margolick, J. B., & Dobs, A. S. (2005) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/01.aids.0000181011.62385.91 · Cited by 262
“euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp [18].”
MethodThe TODAY Study Group (2007) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5448.2007.00237.x · Cited by 260
“QUICKI is calculated as 1/(log[I0] 1 log [G0]) (29).”
MethodScott, R. S., Wu, M., Sanchez, M., & Stein, P. (2006) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.01246.x · Cited by 257
Evaluation of insulin sensitivity in clinical practice and in research settings
Monzillo, L. U., & Hamdy, O. (2003) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1301/nr.2003.dec.397-412 · Cited by 259
“As expected, there is very good correlation between QUICKI and HOMAIR, 63 especially when the HOMAIR is log-transformed.(59,62,64,65) Although two studies failed to demonstrate any real advantage of QUICKI when compared with log HOMAIR, 62,65 other studies argue that QUICKI has the advantage of being applied to wider…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialDiamanti‐Kandarakis, E., Paterakis, T., Alexandraki, K., Piperi, C., Aessopos, A., Katsikis, I., Katsilambros, N. L., Kreatsas, G., & Panidis, D. (2006) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/del003 · Cited by 262
“QUICKI is defined as: QUICKI = 1/[log ( fasting insulin) + log (fasting glucose)] (Katz et al., 2000 ).”
Nass, R., Pezzoli, S. S., Oliveri, M. C., Patrie, J. T., Harrell, F. E., Clasey, J. L., Heymsfield, S. B., Bach, M. A., Vance, M. L., & Thorner, M. O. (2008) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-149-9-200811040-00003 · Cited by 255
“We measured cholesterol, cortisol, and insulin sensitivity (estimated by the Quicki Index method [ 23 ] from fasting insulin and glucose) every 6 months.”
Exercise and risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome in older adults
Stewart, K. J., Bacher, A. C., Turner, K., Lim, J. G., Hees, P. S., Shapiro, E. P., Tayback, M., & Ouyang, P. (2004) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2004.09.006 · Cited by 252
Perseghin, G., Caumo, A., Caloni, M., Testolin, G., & Luzi, L. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.86.10.7902 · Cited by 259
“Whereas HOMA-IR is proportional to the product of fasting insulin and glucose concentrations (13, 14), QUICKI takes both the logarithm and the reciprocal of the glucoseinsulin product (15):”
Bloedon, L. T., Balikai, S., Chittams, J. L., Cunnane, S. C., Berlin, J. A., Rader, D. J., & Szapary, P. O. (2008) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2008.10719676 · Cited by 253
“QUICKI was defined as 1/[log fasting insulin (mU/ml) log fasting glucose (mg/dl)] [22].”
MethodHow can we measure insulin sensitivity/resistance?
Antuna-Puente, B., Disse, E., RABASA-LHORET, R. P. R., Laville, M., Capeau, J., & Bastard, J. (2011) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2011.01.002 · Cited by 263
Axelsson, J., Bergsten, A., Qureshi, A. R., Heimbürger, O., Barany, P. F., Lönnqvist, F., Lindholm, B., Nordfors, L., Alvestrand, A., & Stenvinkel, P. (2006) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/sj.ki.5000089 · Cited by 248
Moloney, F., Yeow, T.-P., Mullen, A., Nolan, J. J., & Roche, H. M. (2004) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/80.4.887 · Cited by 247
“Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was calculated as 1/[log(I0) log(G0)], where I insulin and G glucose (36).”
MethodFisher, G., Brown, A. W., Brown, M. M. B., Alcorn, A., Noles, C. D., Winwood, L., Resuehr, H., George, B. J., Jeansonne, M. M., & Allison, D. B. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138853 · Cited by 264
“Randomization to either exercise condition was associated with improvements in % fat (p = 0.0087), total cholesterol (p = 0.0236), medium VLDL (p = 0.0323), medium HDL (p = 0.0157), triglycerides (p = 0.0129), SI (p = 0.0374), QUICKI (p = 0.0254), and VO2peak (p = 0.0164).”
MethodInfluentialMediterranean diet and 3-year Alzheimer brain biomarker changes in middle-aged adults
Berti, V., Walters, M., Sterling, J. L., Quinn, C. G., Logue, M., Andrews, R. D., Matthews, D. C., Osorio, R. S., Pupi, A., Vallabhajosula, S., et al. (2018) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000005527 · Cited by 259
Curtis, P. J., van der Velpen, V., Berends, L. M., Jennings, A., Feelisch, M., Umpleby, A. M., Evans, M. L., Fernandez, B. O., Meiss, M. S., Minnion, M., et al. (2018) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy380 · Cited by 275
“Insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity were calculated from fasting insulin and glucose concentrations through the use of the HOMA-IR calculation and the quantitative insulin sensitivity index (QUICKI), according to standard equations (24, 25).”
MethodMeasuring and estimating insulin resistance in clinical and research settings
Gastaldelli, A. (2022) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.23503 · Cited by 244
Schwimmer, J. B., Middleton, M. S., Deutsch, R., & Lavine, J. E. (2005) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02420.x · Cited by 242
Clinical Correlates of Histopathology in Pediatric Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Patton, H. M., Lavine, J. E., Natta, M. L. V., Schwimmer, J. B., Kleiner, D. E., & Molleston, J. P. (2008) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2008.08.050 · Cited by 242
Davey, K. J., Cotter, P. D., O'Sullivan, O., Crispie, F., Dinan, T. G., Cryan, J. F., & O'Mahony, S. M. (2013) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2013.83 · Cited by 236
Mosconi, L., Rahman, A., Diaz, I., Wu, X. L., Scheyer, O., Hristov, H., Vallabhajosula, S., Isaacson, R., de Leon, M. J., & Brinton, R. D. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0207885 · Cited by 259
“, BMI>25 kg/m(2)), hypertension, and insulin resistance by means of Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index, QUICKI scores[24] were further examined as possible confounders.”
MethodPolyzogopoulou, E., Kalfarentzos, F., Vagenakis, A. G., & Alexandrides, T. K. (2003) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.5.1098 · Cited by 229
Brownlee, I. A., Moore, C. S., Chatfield, M. D., Richardson, D. P., Ashby, P., Kuznesof, S. A., Jebb, S. A., & Seal, C. J. (2010) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114510000644 · Cited by 231
“B080–101; Dako Ltd, Ely, Cambs, UK) Andersen et al. (1993)(35) Modified QUICKI Indirect measurement based on measured glucose, insulin and NEFA levels Katz et al. (2000)(36), Rabasa-Lhoret et al. (2003)(37) Endothelial function ICAM-1 Colorimetric sandwich ELISA using commercially available…”
MethodGhrelin secretion is modulated in a nutrient‐ and gender‐specific manner
Greenman, Y., Golani, N., Gilad, S., Yaron, M., Limor, R., & Stern, N. (2004) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2004.01993.x · Cited by 238
Roberts, C. K., Won, D., Pruthi, S., Kurtovic, S., Sindhu, R. K., Vaziri, N. D., & Barnard, R. J. (2005) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01292.2005 · Cited by 240
“minimal model and the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (26).”
Jorde, R., Sneve, M., Torjesen, P. A., & Figenschau, Y. (2009) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2009.02181.x · Cited by 230
Åhrén, B., & Pacini, G. (2004) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.0.1500097 · Cited by 230
“Other simple estimations of insulin sensitivity for epidemiological studies include the QUICKI calculation ( 25 ) still based on fasting glucose and insulin concentrations.”
BackgroundMethodKoh, K. K., Quon, M. J., Han, S. H., Lee, Y., Kim, S. J., & Shin, E. K. (2010) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.10.053 · Cited by 229
Self-citationBruehl, H., Wolf, O. T., Sweat, V., Tirsi, A., Richardson, S. B., & Convit, A. J. (2009) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.05.032 · Cited by 230
“The QUICKI has been validated against clamp assessments of insulin sensitivity [i.e. ( Katz et al., 2000 )].”
Uwaifo, G. I., Fallon, E. M., Chin, J., Elberg, J., Parikh, S. J., & Yanovski, J. A. (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.11.2081 · Cited by 228
“Derived indices from fasting blood samples The HOMA-IR, QUICKI index, and fasting glucose–to–insulin ratios were derived as estimates of insulin sensitivity (7,8).”
MethodResultWehr, E., Trummer, O., Giuliani, A., Gruber, H., Pieber, T. R., & Obermayer-Pietsch, B. M. (2011) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-11-0134 · Cited by 228
Ikezaki, A., Hosoda, H., Ito, K., Iwama, S., Miura, N., Matsuoka, H., Kondo, C., Kojima, M., Kangawa, K., & Sugihara, S. (2002) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3408 · Cited by 223
“The plasma PAI-1 levels of our obese children and adolescents were also significantly correlated with the IRI, HOMA-R, and QUICKI values (Table 2).”
MethodInfluentialAcylated and desacyl ghrelin stimulate lipid accumulation in human visceral adipocytes
Rodríguez, A., Gómez‐Ambrosi, J., Catalán, V., Gil, M. J. C., Becerril, S., Sáinź, N., Silva, C., Salvador, J., Colina, I., & Frühbeck, G. (2009) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2009.40 · Cited by 235
Deshmukh-Taskar, P., Nicklas, T. A., Radcliffe, J. D., O’Neil, C. E., & Liu, Y. (2012) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980012004296 · Cited by 229
“serum insulin (mU/ml)1log fasting plasma or serum glucose (mg/dl)]((34)), respectively.”
Plasma Adiponectin Levels in Overweight and Obese Asians
Yang, W., Lee, W., Funahashi, T., Tanaka, S., Matsuzawa, Y., Chao, C., Chen, C., Tai, T., & Chuang, L. (2002) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2002.150 · Cited by 221
“The insulin sensitivity by QUICKI model was calculated as described (”
MethodRajagopal, P., Shyamaladevi, B., Vijayalakshmi, P., & Jayaraman, S. (2018) · Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods · doi:10.1080/15376516.2018.1545815 · Cited by 237
“QUICKI was calculated using the formula 1/(log fasting serum insulinþ log fasting blood glucose) by the method of Katz et al. (2000).”
MethodPrevalence of Vitamin D Insufficiency in Obese Children and Adolescents
Smotkin-Tangorra, M., Purushothaman, R., Gupta, A., Nejati, G., Anhalt, H., & Ten, S. (2007) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem.2007.20.7.817 · Cited by 219
Badman, M. K., Kennedy, A. R., Adams, A. C., Pissios, P., & Maratos–Flier, E. (2009) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00357.2009 · Cited by 219
Stavropoulos‐Kalinoglou, A., Metsios, G. S., Zanten, J. V., Nightingale, P., Kitas, G. D., & Koutedakis, Y. (2012) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202075 · Cited by 233
Clinically Useful Estimates of Insulin Sensitivity During Pregnancy
Kirwan, J. P., Huston-Presley, L., Kalhan, S. C., & Catalano, P. M. (2001) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.24.9.1602 · Cited by 222
“(3), is based on a logarithmic and reciprocal transformation of a single fasting glucose and insulin value.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialFirouzi, S., Majid, H. A., Ismail, A., Kamaruddin, N. A., & Yusof, B. N. M. (2016) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-016-1199-8 · Cited by 227
Yokoyama, H., Emoto, M., Fujiwara, S., Motoyama, K., Morioka, T., Komatsu, M., Tahara, H., Shoji, T., Okuno, Y., & Nishizawà, Y. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.8.2426 · Cited by 213
“(12) first proposed that QUICKI was strongly correlated with the insulin resistance index assessed by clamp-IR in 56 subjects, including 15 type 2 diabetic patients.”
BackgroundMethodThe use of metformin for women with PCOS undergoing IVF treatment
Tang, T. H., Glanville, J., Orsi, N. M., Barth, J. H., & Balen, A. H. (2006) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/del025 · Cited by 215
Ebbeling, C. B., Leidig, M. M., Sinclair, K. B., Seger-Shippee, L. G., Feldman, H. A., & Ludwig, D. S. (2005) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/81.5.976 · Cited by 212
Ortega-González, C., Luna, S. L., Hernández, L., Crespo, G., Aguayo, P., Arteaga‐Troncoso, G., & Parra, A. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1965 · Cited by 211
“The baseline HOMA-IR index was elevated, whereas QUICKI and the fasting glucose to insulin ratio were similarly low in both groups.”
BackgroundInfluentialJohnston, C. S., Tjonn, S. L., & Swan, P. D. (2004) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/134.3.586 · Cited by 215
Insulin Sensitivity Among Obese Children and Adolescents, According to Degree of Weight Loss
Reinehr, T., Kiess, W., Kapellen, T., & Andler, W. (2004) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2003-0649-f · Cited by 211
Plasma Osteopontin Levels and Expression in Adipose Tissue Are Increased in Obesity
Gómez‐Ambrosi, J., Catalán, V., Ramírez, B., Rodrı́guez, A., Colina, I., Silva, C., Rotellar, F., Mugueta, C., Gil, M. J., Cienfuegos, J. A., et al. (2007) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2007-0349 · Cited by 211
“An indirect measure of insulin sensitivity was calculated from the fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations by using the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (28, 29).”
MethodInfluentialJornayvaz, F. R., Jurczak, M. J., Lee, H., Birkenfeld, A. L., Frederick, D. W., Zhang, D., Zhang, X., Samuel, V. T., & Shulman, G. I. (2010) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00361.2010 · Cited by 213
“However, in these studies, insulin sensitivity was assessed by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests; one of these studies (2) reported improvement in QUICKI in KD-fed wild-type mice compared with RC-fed wild-type mice but no correlation with the insulin sensitivity.”
MethodInfluentialVigouroux, C., Maachi, M., Nguyên, T.-H., Coussieu, C., Gharakhanian, S., Funahashi, T., Matsuzawa, Y., Shimomura, I., Rozenbaum, W., Capeau, J., et al. (2003) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/00002030-200307040-00011 · Cited by 210
“1/(log G0 + log I0), where G0 and I0 represent fasting glycemia (expressed as mg/dl) and insulinemia (expressed as U/ml), respectively [31].”
BackgroundSharma, G., Hu, C., Brigman, J. L., Zhu, G., Hathaway, H. J., & Prossnitz, E. R. (2013) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2013-1357 · Cited by 210
“Fasting glucose and insulin levels were used to calculate both HOMA and QUICKI values, which confirmed that GPER KO mice were insulin resistant.”
MethodInfluence of Adiposity and Physical Activity on Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Children
Sakuragi, S., Abhayaratna, K., Gravenmaker, K. J., O’Reilly, C. M., Srikusalanukul, W., Budge, M. M., Telford, R. D., & Abhayaratna, W. P. (2009) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.108.123364 · Cited by 212
Jaquet, D., Deghmoun, S., Chevenne, D., Collin, D., Czernichow, P., & Lévy‐Marchal, C. (2005) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-005-1724-4 · Cited by 210
“Assessment of insulin resistance and definition of metabolic syndrome Insulin resistance was assessed by the fasting serum insulin concentration, the fasting insulin/glucose ratio and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) calculated as QUICKI=1/(log[fasting serum insulin concentration]+log[fasting…”
MethodSeck, T. L., Nauck, M. A., Sheng, D., Sunga, S., Davies, M. J., Stein, P. P., Kaufman, K. D., Amatruda, J. M., & for the Sitagliptin Study 024 Group (2010) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2010.02353.x · Cited by 208
Metabolically Healthy Obesity and the Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Chang, Y., Jung, H. S., Cho, J., Zhang, Y., Yun, K. E., Lazo, M., Pastor‐Barriuso, R., Ahn, J., Kim, C., Rampal, S., et al. (2016) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2016.178 · Cited by 209
Deutz, N. E. P., Safar, A., Schutzler, S. E., Memelink, R., Ferrando, A., Spencer, H., van Helvoort, A., & Wolfe, R. (2011) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2011.05.008 · Cited by 204
Proinflammatory Cytokines in Obesity: Impact of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Gastric Bypass
Catalán, V., Gómez‐Ambrosi, J., Ramírez, B., Rotellar, F., Pastor, C., Silva, C., Rodríguez, A., Gil, M. J., Cienfuegos, J. A., & Frühbeck, G. (2007) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-008-9424-z · Cited by 212
Hoyos, C. M., Killick, R., Yee, B. J., Phillips, C. L., Grunstein, R. R., & Liu, P. Y. (2012) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-201420 · Cited by 204
Tripathy, D., Almgren, P., Tuomi, T., & Groop, L. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.9.2204 · Cited by 206
Clinical and endocrine characteristics of the main polycystic ovary syndrome phenotypes
Guastella, E., Longo, R. A., & Carmina, E. (2010) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.02.014 · Cited by 205
Wilkes, E. A., Selby, A. L., Atherton, P. J., Patel, R., Rankin, D., Smith, K., & Rennie, M. J. (2009) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.27543 · Cited by 204
“tivity check index (QUICKI) (33) (young group, 0.”
InfluentialCarmina, E., Napoli, N., Longo, R. A., Rini, G. B., & Lobo, R. A. (2005) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.1.02058 · Cited by 202
Ghrelin Improves Endothelial Function in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome
Tesauro, M., Schinzari, F., Iantorno, M., Rizza, S., Melina, D., Lauro, D., & Cardillo, C. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.105.553883 · Cited by 205
Biomarkers of insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance: Past, present and future
Park, S. E., Park, C., & Sweeney, G. (2015) · Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences · doi:10.3109/10408363.2015.1023429 · Cited by 212
Pioglitazone Reduces Atherogenic Index of Plasma in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Tan, M. H., Johns, D., & Glazer, N. B. (2004) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2004.031757 · Cited by 203
“Values for HOMA-S were derived from fasting serum insulin and FPG and calculated using a computer program (11 ). QUICKI was calculated as 1/(log10 fasting serum insulin log10 fasting blood glucose) ( 12 ).”
MethodCurtis, P. J., Sampson, M., Potter, J., Dhatariya, K., Kroon, P. A., & Cassidy, A. (2012) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc11-1443 · Cited by 200
“5 (23), and the quantitative insulin sensitivity index (QUICKI) (24) equation, QUICKI = 1/ (log [fasting insulin] + log [fasting glucose]), respectively.”
InfluentialEndothelial Dysfunction in PCOS: Role of Obesity and Adipose Hormones
Carmina, E., Orio, F., Palomba, S., Longo, R. A., Cascella, T., Colao, A. A. L., Lombardi, G., Rini, G. B., & Løbo, R. A. (2006) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.10.059 · Cited by 199
Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes Using Simple Measures of Insulin Resistance
Hanley, A. J., Williams, K., González, C. R., D’Agostino, R. B., Wagenknecht, L. E., D, M. P. S. M., & Haffner, S. M. (2003) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.2.463 · Cited by 200
“A group of six indexes also had AROCs Ͼ70%, including ISIgly_a, SiM, ISIgly_b, Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI), and Stumvoll index without demographic variables (Stum_nodem).”
InfluentialBranched-chain and aromatic amino acid profiles and diabetes risk in Chinese populations
Chen, T., Ni, Y., Ma, X., Bao, Y., Liu, J., Huang, F., Hu, C., Xie, G., Zhao, A., Jia, W., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep20594 · Cited by 198
Review of methods for detecting glycemic disorders
Bergman, M., Abdul‐Ghani, M. A., DeFronzo, R. A., Manco, M., Sesti, G., Fiorentino, T. V., Ceriello, A., Rhee, M. K., Phillips, L. S., Chung, S. T., et al. (2020) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108233 · Cited by 210
“The Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) is an empirically derived mathematical transformation of fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations [220].”
Japan Study Group of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (JSG-NAFLD), Sumida, Y., Yoneda, M., Hyogo, H., Yamaguchi, K., Ono, M., Fujii, H., Eguchi, Y., Suzuki, Y., Imai, S., et al. (2010) · Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s00535-010-0305-6 · Cited by 200
“index was calculated using the formula: 1/quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) [ 16 ] = log fasting IRI (lU/ml) ? log FPG (mg/dl).”
MethodKoh, K. K., Quon, M. J., Han, S. H., Chung, W., Ahn, J. Y., Seo, Y., Choi, I. S., & Shin, E. K. (2005) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.02.052 · Cited by 199
Self-citationThe metabolic syndrome: a glance at its history
Sarafidis, P. A., & Nilsson, P. M. (2006) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/01.hjh.0000217840.26971.b6 · Cited by 203
Dalla Man, C., Caumo, A., Basu, R., Rizza, R., Toffolo, G., & Cobelli, C. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00319.2003 · Cited by 198
“Finally, it is also of interest to compare OMM and reference SI with other indexes, such as the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) (15), the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) (11), and the insulin sensitivity index (ISI) of Matsuda-De Fronzo (12), frequently used to measure insulin sensitivity dur…”
MethodSarafidis, P. A., Lasaridis, A. N., Nilsson, P. M., Pikilidou, M. I., STAFILAS, P., Kanaki, A., Kazakos, K., Yovos, J. G., & Bakris, G. L. (2007) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1002201 · Cited by 197
“11 whereas the reciprocal of HOMA-IR, as well as a more recently proposed index, the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI)”
BackgroundMechanism of action of Imeglimin: A novel therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes
Hallakou‐Bozec, S., Vial, G., Kergoat, M., Fouqueray, P., Bolze, S., Borel, A., Fontaine, E. M., & Moller, D. E. (2020) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14277 · Cited by 210
“24 weeks produced a significant effect on the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI), a measure of insulin sensitivity that correlates with results from glucose clamp studies.(48) Specifically, mean QUICKI values were increased by 0.”
ResultLeptin, insulin resistance, and liver fibrosis in human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Angulo, P., Alba, L. M., Petrovic, L. M., Adams, L. A., Lindor, K. D., & Jensen, M. D. (2004) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2004.08.020 · Cited by 198
“the ‘gold standard’ for quantifying insulin sensitivity in vivo) than HOMA-IR [16].”
BackgroundMethodFerrannini, E., & Mingrone, G. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-1762 · Cited by 194
Testosterone and Growth Hormone Improve Body Composition and Muscle Performance in Older Men
Sattler, F. R., Castaneda-Sceppa, C., Binder, E. F., Schroeder, E. T., Wang, Y., Bhasin, S., Kawakubo, M., Stewart, Y., Yarasheski, K. E., Ulloor, J., et al. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2008-2338 · Cited by 194
Dietary-Induced Obesity and Hypothalamic Infertility in Female DBA/2J Mice
Tortoriello, D. V., McMinn, J. E., & Chua, S. C. (2003) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2003-1406 · Cited by 195
“The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was calculated as 1/[log(I0) log(G0)], where I0 is the fasting insulin level in microinternational units per milliliter, and G0 is the fasting glucose level in milligrams per deciliter (45).”
MethodLeproult, R., Deliens, G., Gilson, M., & Peigneux, P. (2015) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.4660 · Cited by 187
Taheri, S., Austin, D., Lin, L., Nieto, F. J., Young, T., & Mignot, E. (2007) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/30.8.991 · Cited by 189
Baker, W. L., Talati, R., White, C. M., & Coleman, C. I. (2009) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2009.10.008 · Cited by 188
Metsios, G. S., Stavropoulos‐Kalinoglou, A., Panoulas, V. F., Wilson, M., Nevill, A. M., Koutedakis, Y., & Kitas, G. D. (2009) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/hjr.0b013e3283271ceb · Cited by 189
Predictors of Endothelial Dysfunction in Young Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Kravariti, M., Naka, K. Κ., Kalantaridou, S., Kazakos, N., Katsouras, C. S., Makrigiannakis, A., Paraskevaidis, E. A., Chrousos, G. P., Tsatsoulis, A. A., & Michalis, L. K. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-0151 · Cited by 188
Bosaeus, M., Hussain, A., Karlsson, T. R., Andersson, L., Hulthén, L., Svelander, C. A., Sandberg, A., Larsson, I., Ellegård, L., & Holmäng, A. B. (2015) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2891-14-1 · Cited by 189
“sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was calculated as 1/(Ln(s-insulin)(mU/L) + Ln(p-glucose)(mmol/L)) [20].”
MethodPatton, H. M., Yates, K. P., Ünalp–Arida, A., Behling, C. A., Huang, T. T. ‐., Rosenthal, P. J., Sanyal, A. J., Schwimmer, J. B., & Lavine, J. E. (2010) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2010.152 · Cited by 185
Metadata
- Authors
- Katz, A., Nambi, S. S., Mather, K., Baron, A. D., Follmann, D. A., Sullivan, G., & Quon, M. J.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2000-07-01
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 2402-2410
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2126327417
- Cited by
- 3,931
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 97 · 2025: 129 · 2024: 142 · 2023: 174 · 2022: 188 · 2021: 173 · 2020: 184 · 2019: 145 · 2018: 153 · 2017: 174 · 2016: 170 · 2015: 164 · 2014: 184 · 2013: 219 · 2012: 169
- FWCI
- 33.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Keywords
- QUICKI, insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance, fasting insulin, fasting blood glucose, glucose clamp, minimal model analysis, type 2 diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance index
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Obesity, Glucose Clamp Technique
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
