Suppression of the HPA axis during cholestasis can be attributed to hypothalamic bile acid signaling
Open accessAbstract
Suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been shown to occur during cholestatic liver injury. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that in a model of cholestasis, serum bile acids gain entry into the brain via a leaky blood brain barrier and that hypothalamic bile acid content is increased. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to determine the effects of bile acid signaling on the HPA axis. The data presented show that HPA axis suppression during cholestatic liver injury, specifically circulating corticosterone levels and hypothalamic corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) expression, can be attenuated by administration of the bile acid sequestrant cholestyramine. Secondly, treatment of hypothalamic neurons with various bile acids suppressed CRH expression and secretion in vitro. However, in vivo HPA axis suppression was only evident after the central injection of the bile acids taurocholic acid or glycochenodeoxycholic acid but not the other bile acids studied. Furthermore, we demonstrate that taurocholic acid and glycochenodeoxycholic acid are exerting their effects on hypothalamic CRH expression after their uptake through the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter and subsequent activation of the glucocorticoid receptor. Taken together with previous studies, our data support the hypothesis that during cholestatic liver injury, bile acids gain entry into the brain, are transported into neurons through the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter and can activate the glucocorticoid receptor to suppress the HPA axis. These data also lend themselves to the broader hypothesis that bile acids may act as central modulators of hypothalamic peptides that may be altered during liver disease.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Cholestasis is associated with suppression of the HPA axis, likely due to BA interactions with glucocorticoid receptors in the brain.
“Cholestasis, associated with suppression of the HPA axis, likely due to BA interactions with glucocorticoid receptors in the brain (299, 312).”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [299]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Continuing Importance of Bile Acids in Liver and Intestinal Disease
Hofmann, A. F. (1999) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.159.22.2647 · Cited by 972 · see citing works
Glucocorticoids and the circadian clock
Dickmeis, T. (2009) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe-08-0415 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
Shneider, B. L., Dawson, P. A., Christie, D. M., Hardikar, W., Wong, M. H., & Suchy, F. J. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci117722 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Fernández, J., Escorsell, À., Zabalza, M., Felipe, V., Navasa, M., Mas, A., Lacy, A. M., Ginès, P., & Arroyo, V. (2006) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.21352 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Adrenal insufficiency in patients with cirrhosis, severe sepsis and septic shock†
Tsai, M., Peng, Y., Chen, Y., Liu, N.-J., Ho, Y., Fang, J., Lien, J., Yang, C., Chen, P., & Wu, C. (2006) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.21101 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Bile acids are nutrient signaling hormones
Zhou, H., & Hylemon, P. B. (2014) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2014.04.016 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Greim, H. A., Trulzsch, D. V., Roboz, J., Dressler, K. P., Czygan, P., Hutterer, F., Schaffner, F., & Pópper, H. (1972) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(19)33225-1 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Quinn, M., McMillin, M., Galindo, C., Frampton, G., Pae, H. Y., & DeMorrow, S. (2014) · Digestive and Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.dld.2014.01.159 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Self-citationHypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis regulation
Jacobson, L. (2005) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2005.01.003 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Role of the Intestinal Bile Acid Transporters in Bile Acid and Drug Disposition
Dawson, P. A. (2010) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-14541-4_4 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
The clinical importance of adrenal insufficiency in acute hepatic dysfunction
Harry, R., Auzinger, G. M., & Wendon, J. A. (2002) · Hepatology · doi:10.1053/jhep.2002.34514 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
The hypothalamus and the regulation of energy homeostasis: lifting the lid on a black box
Williams, G., Harrold, J. A., & Cutler, D. J. (2000) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665100000434 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Greim, H. A., Trulzsch, D. V., Czygan, P., Rudick, J., Hutterer, F., Schaffner, F., & Pópper, H. (1972) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(19)33226-3 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Transport of Bile Acids in Hepatic and Non-Hepatic Tissues
St–Pierre, M. V., Kullak-Ublick, G. A., Hagenbuch, B., & Meier, P. J. (2001) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.204.10.1673 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
HPA and Immune Axes in Stress: Involvement of the Serotonergic System
Leonard, B. E. (2006) · Neuroimmunomodulation · doi:10.1159/000104854 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Miura, T., Ouchida, R., Yoshikawa, N., Okamoto, K., Makino, Y., Nakamura, T., Morimoto, C., Makino, I., & Tanaka, H. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m107098200 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
TGR 5 signaling reduces neuroinflammation during hepatic encephalopathy
McMillin, M., Frampton, G. A., Tobin, R. P., Dusio, G. F., Smith, J., Shin, H. D., Newell‐Rogers, K., Grant, S. M., & DeMorrow, S. (2015) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.13243 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citationDYNAMICS AND MECHANICS OF CORTICOSTEROID FEEDBACK AT THE HYPOTHALAMUS AND ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND
Jones, M. T., Hillhouse, E. W., & Burden, J. (1977) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.0.0730405 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
The Effect of Hypotension in Obstructive Jaundice
Williams, R. D. (1960) · Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1001/archsurg.1960.01300020162022 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Opposing Actions of Endocannabinoids on Cholangiocarcinoma Growth
DeMorrow, S., Glaser, S. S., Francis, H., Venter, J. K., Vaculin, B. T., Vaculin, S., & Alpini, G. D. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m608238200 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationMa, Z., Lee, S. S., & Meddings, J. B. (1997) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/s0168-8278(97)80259-0 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Hepatic Transport Mechanisms of Cholyl-l-Lysyl-Fluorescein
de Waart, D. R., Häusler, S., Vlaming, M. L. H., Kunne, C., Hänggi, E., Gruss, H.-J., Elferink, R. P. J. O., & Stieger, B. (2010) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.110.166991 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Swain, M. G., Patchev, V. K., Vergalla, J., Chrousos, G. P., & Jones, E. A. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci116408 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
McNeilly, A. D., Macfarlane, D. P., O’Flaherty, E., Livingstone, D. E. W., Mitić, T., McConnell, K. M. M., MacKenzie, S. M., Davies, E., Reynolds, R. M., Thiesson, H. C., et al. (2010) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2009.10.037 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Swain, M. G., & Maric, M. (1995) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.1840220532 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
DeMorrow, S., Francis, H., Gaudio, E., Venter, J. K., Franchitto, A., Kopriva, S. E., Onori, P., Mancinelli, R., Frampton, G. A., Coufal, M., et al. (2008) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.90455.2008 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Course of Neonatal Cholestasis in Congenital Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency
Binder, G., Martin, D. D., Kanther, I., Schwarze, C. P., & Ranke, M. (2007) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem.2007.20.6.695 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
POMC‐Derived Peptides and Their Biological Action
Solomon, S. (1999) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08663.x · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Rm, Z., & Rd, W. (1956) · PubMed · Cited by 55 · see citing works
DeMorrow, S., Francis, H., Gaudio, E., Ueno, Y., Venter, J. K., Onori, P., Franchitto, A., Vaculin, B. T., Vaculin, S., & Alpini, G. D. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00304.2007 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationAnterior pituitary hormone effects on hepatic functions in infants with congenital hypopituitarism
Karnsakul, W. W., Sawathiparnich, P., Nimkarn, S., Likitmaskul, S., Santiprabhob, J., & Aanpreung, P. (2007) · Annals of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/s1665-2681(19)31939-8 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Bile acids as endogenous vasodilators?
Bomzon, A., & Ljubuncic, P. (1995) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0006-2952(94)00428-o · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Mills, C. O., Rahman, K., COLEMAN, R., & Elias, E. (1991) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/0304-4165(91)90024-b · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Pruritus of chronic cholestasis
Raiford, D. S. (1995) · QJM · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.qjmed.a069108 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Quinn, M. A., Ueno, Y., Pae, H. Y., Huang, L., Frampton, G. A., Galindo, C., Francis, H., Horvat, D., McMillin, M., & DeMorrow, S. (2011) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00205.2011 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationMcMillin, M., Galindo, C., Pae, H. Y., Frampton, G. A., Patre, P. L. D., Quinn, M. A., Whittington, E., & DeMorrow, S. (2014) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2014.07.015 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationRedinger, R. N. (2003) · Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1155/2003/190784 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Gonc, E. N., Kandemir, N., Andıran, N., Özön, A., & Yordam, N. (2006) · The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.24953/turkjpediatr.2006.2665 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Defective interleukin-1-induced ACTH release in cholestatic rats: impaired hypothalamic PGE2 release
Swain, M. G., Maric, M., & Carter, L. (1995) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.1995.268.3.g404 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Koslo, R. J., Gmerek, D. E., Cowan, A., & Porreca, F. (1986) · Regulatory Peptides · doi:10.1016/0167-0115(86)90006-6 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Muriel, P., & Castro, V. (2008) · Pharmacology · doi:10.1159/000139485 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Howard, M. A. (1956) · The American Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0002-9610(56)80083-4 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Ashfaq, S., McMillin, M., Galindo, C., Frampton, G. A., & DeMorrow, S. (2014) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(14)63324-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 44 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
From gut dysbiosis to altered brain function and mental illness: mechanisms and pathways
Rogers, G. B., Keating, D. J., Young, R. L., Wong, M.-L., Licinio, J., & Wesselingh, S. (2016) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2016.50 · Cited by 969 · see citing works
Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
Rusch, J. A., Layden, B. T., & Dugas, L. R. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1130689 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Bile acid signaling pathways from the enterohepatic circulation to the central nervous system
Mertens, K. L., Kalsbeek, A., Soeters, M. R., & Eggink, H. M. (2017) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2017.00617 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Sex differences in gut microbiota in patients with major depressive disorder
Chen, J.-J., Zheng, P., Liu, Y.-Y., Zhong, X.-G., Wang, H.-Y., Guo, Y.-J., & Xie, P. (2018) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s159322 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
The biosynthesis, signaling, and neurological functions of bile acids
Kiriyama, Y., & Nochi, H. (2019) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom9060232 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Effects of bile acids on neurological function and disease
McMillin, M., & DeMorrow, S. (2016) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201600275r · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Self-citationBile acid signaling in neurodegenerative and neurological disorders
Grant, S. M., & DeMorrow, S. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21175982 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Self-citationAdrenal function and dysfunction in critically ill patients
Téblick, A., Peeters, B., Langouche, L., & den Berghe, G. V. (2019) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-019-0185-7 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Bile acids: a communication channel in the gut-brain axis
Monteiro-Cardoso, V. F., Corlianò, M., & Singaraja, R. R. (2021) · NeuroMolecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12017-020-08625-z · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Roles of bile acids signaling in neuromodulation under physiological and pathological conditions
Chen, X., Huang, X., Wang, D., Yu, D., Hou, S., Cui, H., & Song, L. (2023) · Cell & Bioscience · doi:10.1186/s13578-023-01053-z · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Bile acids as key modulators of the brain-Gut-Microbiota axis in alzheimer’s disease
Mulak, A. (2021) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-210608 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
The Adrenal Cortex, an Underestimated Site of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Mao, Y., Xu, B., Guan, W., Xu, D., Li, F., Ren, R., Zhu, X., Gao, Y., & Jiang, L. (2021) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.593179 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Estrada, J. A., & Contreras, I. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11051076 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Peeters, B., Meersseman, P., Perre, S. V., Wouters, P. J., Debaveye, Y. A., Langouche, L., & den Berghe, G. V. (2018) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-018-5427-y · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Gut microbiota and its metabolites: Bridge of dietary nutrients and obesity-related diseases
Zhou, M., Johnston, L. J., Wu, C., & Ma, X. (2021) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2021.1986466 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Martinou, E., Stefanova, I., Iosif, E., & Angelidi, A. M. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23063339 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Gut-Brain Axis a Key Player to Control Gut Dysbiosis in Neurological Diseases
Pan, I., Issac, P. K., Rahman, M. M., Guru, A., & Arockiaraj, J. (2023) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-023-03691-3 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Zhang, S., Li, R. J. W., Lim, Y.-M., Batchuluun, B., Liu, H., Waise, T. M. Z., & Lam, T. K. T. (2020) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321757 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Nizamutdinov, D., DeMorrow, S., McMillin, M., Kain, J., Mukherjee, S., Zeitouni, S., Frampton, G. A., Bricker, P. C. S., Hurst, J., & Shapiro, L. A. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep40112 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationCoordinate regulation of long non-coding RNAs and protein-coding genes in germ-free mice
Dempsey, J. L., Zhang, A. Y., & Cui, J. Y. (2018) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-018-5235-3 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Anterior pituitary function in critical illness
Téblick, A., Langouche, L., & Van den Berghe, G. (2019) · Endocrine Connections · doi:10.1530/ec-19-0318 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Frano, M. R. L., Hernandez, A. M., Weber, N., Borkowski, K., Pedersen, T. L., Osborn, O., & Newman, J. W. I. (2017) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2017.07.006 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Romero‐Ramírez, L., & Mey, J. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25179279 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Bile Acids in Hepatic Encephalopathy
DeMorrow, S. (2018) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jceh.2018.04.011 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationThe clinical and mechanistic roles of bile acids in depression, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke
Wu, L., Zhao, M., Li, M., Guo, Q., Zhenxing, R., Xiaojiao, Z., & Chen, T. (2022) · PROTEOMICS · doi:10.1002/pmic.202100324 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Al-Khaifi, A., Straniero, S., Voronova, V., Chernikova, D., Sokolov, V. V., Kumar, C., Angelin, B., & Rudling, M. (2018) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.12811 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Wu, M., Cheng, Y., Zhang, R., Han, W., Jiang, H., Bi, C., Zhang, Z., Ye, M., Lin, X., & Liu, Z. (2024) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117228 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
McMillin, M., Grant, S. M., Frampton, G. A., Petrescu, A. D., Kain, J., Williams, E., Haines, R., Canady, L., & DeMorrow, S. (2018) · Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.02.008 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationHypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Dysfunction in Cholestatic Liver Disease
Petrescu, A. D., Kain, J., Liere, V., Heavener, T. E., & DeMorrow, S. (2018) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00660 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Pathological Effects of Circulating Hydrophobic Bile Acids in Alzheimer’s Disease
Ehtezazi, T., Rahman, K., Davies, R., & Leach, A. G. (2023) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports · doi:10.3233/adr-220071 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Metabolic Diffusion in Neuropathologies: The Relevance of Brain-Liver Axis
Vegas‐Suárez, S., Simón, J., Martínez‐Chantar, M. L., & Moratalla, R. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.864263 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Stanimirov, B., Đanić, M., Pavlović, N., Zaklan, D., Lazarević, S., Mikov, M., & Stankov, K. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms262412167 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
[Retracted] A Review of Bile Acid Metabolism and Signaling in Cognitive Dysfunction‐Related Diseases
Weng, Z.-B., Chen, Y.-R., Lv, J.-T., Wang, M.-X., Chen, Z.-Y., Zhou, W., Shen, X.-C., Zhan, L.-B., & Wang, F. (2022) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2022/4289383 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
RetractedLinking Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Brain Disease: Focusing on Bile Acid Signaling
Ren, Z., Li, C.-X., Ma, C., Chen, D., Chen, J., Xu, W., Chen, C.-A., Cheng, F., & Wang, X. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232113045 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Bile acids and glucocorticoid metabolism in health and disease
Theiler-Schwetz, V., Zaufel, A., Schlager, H., Obermayer-Pietsch, B., Fickert, P., & Zollner, G. (2019) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.001 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Bile acids, bioactive signalling molecules in interoceptive gut‐to‐brain communication
Joyce, S. A., & O'Malley, D. (2022) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp281727 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
A critical review of bile acids and their receptors in hepatic encephalopathy
Williams, E., Chu, C. S., & DeMorrow, S. (2021) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ab.2021.114436 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationMechanistic insights into the liver–brain axis during chronic liver disease
Siddle, M. R., Durán, R. G., Goel, D., Renquist, B. J., Holt, M. K., & Hadjihambi, A. (2025) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-025-01142-z · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Gut feelings: the microbiota-gut-brain axis on steroids
So, S. Y., & Savidge, T. (2021) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00294.2021 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Liu, L., Panzitt, K., Racedo, S., Wagner, M., Platzer, W., Zaufel, A., Theiler‐Schwetz, V., Obermayer-Pietsch, B. M., Müller, H., Höfler, G., et al. (2019) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.14052 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
The fibroblast growth factor system in cognitive disorders and dementia
Zhai, W., Zhang, T., Jin, Y., Huang, S., Xu, M., & Pan, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1136266 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Li, J., Gan‐Schreier, H., Zhu, X., Wang, W., Tuma‐Kellner, S., Liebisch, G., Stremmel, W., & Chamulitrat, W. (2017) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.09.001 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Aberrant Gut-To-Brain Signaling in Irritable Bowel Syndrome - The Role of Bile Acids
Dhonnabháín, R. N., Xiao, Q., & O’Malley, D. (2021) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.745190 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Hammond, T. C., Powell, E. S., Green, S. J., Chlipala, G. E., Frank, J. A., Yackzan, A. T., Yanckello, L. M., Chang, Y., Xing, X., Heil, S. D., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences · doi:10.3389/fresc.2022.1017180 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
McMillin, M., DeMorrow, S., Glaser, S. S., Venter, J. K., Kyritsi, K., Zhou, T., Grant, S. M., Giang, T., Greene, J. F., Wu, N., et al. (2017) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00421.2016 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationJacobs, A., Derese, I., Perre, S. V., Wouters, P. J., Verbruggen, S. C. A. T., Billen, J., Vermeersch, P., Guerra, G. G., Joosten, K. F. M., Vanhorebeek, I., et al. (2019) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-019-05854-0 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
GPCR-mediated effects of fatty acids and bile acids on glucose homeostasis
Oteng, A., & Liu, L. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1206063 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Glucocorticoids Cause Gender-Dependent Reversal of Hepatic Fibrosis in the MDR2-Knockout Mouse Model
Petrescu, A. D., Grant, S. M., Frampton, G. A., Kain, J., Hadidi, K., Williams, E., McMillin, M., & DeMorrow, S. (2017) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms18112389 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationXie, Y., Shang, S., Luan, W., Ma, J., Yang, H., Qian, Q., Wu, Z., & Li, X. (2024) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.4c07035 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
An impaired pituitary–adrenal signalling axis in stable cirrhosis is linked to worse prognosis
Hartl, L., Simbrunner, B., Jachs, M., Wolf, P. S., Bauer, D. J. M., Scheiner, B., Balcar, L., Semmler, G., Schwarz, M., Marculescu, R., et al. (2023) · JHEP Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100789 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Duarte‐Silva, S., Silva, J. D. D., Monteiro‐Fernandes, D., Costa, M. D., Neves‐Carvalho, A., Raposo, M., Soares‐Cunha, C., Correia, J. S., Nogueira-Goncalves, G., Fernandes, H. S., et al. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci162246 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Huete-Acevedo, J., Mas‐Bargues, C., Arnal-Forné, M., Atencia-Rabadán, S., Sanz‐Ros, J., & Borrás, C. (2024) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox13121493 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Duodenal bile acids as determinants of intestinal mucosal homeostasis and disease
Keely, S., & Talley, N. J. (2020) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/nmo.13854 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Neuroprotection vs. Neurotoxicity: The Dual Impact of Brain Lipids in Depression
Yan, Y., Zhang, Y., Liu, M., Li, L., & Zheng, Y. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26062722 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Mezhibovsky, E., Tveter, K. M., Villa-Rodríguez, J. A., Bacalia, K. M. A., Kshatriya, D., Desai, N., Cabales, A., Wu, Y., Sui, K., Duran, R. M., et al. (2023) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/jendso/bvad095 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Sivcev, S., Kudová, E., & Zemkova, H. W. (2023) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109542 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Petrescu, A. D., Grant, S. M., Williams, E., Frampton, G. A., Parks, N., Blaney, H. L., Davies, M., John, R., Reinhart, E. H., McMillin, M., et al. (2020) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.10.023 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationBile acid interactions with neurotransmitter transporters
Romanazzi, T., Zanella, D., Bhatt, M., Iacovo, A. D., Galli, A., & Bossi, E. (2023) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2023.1161930 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Shibuya, T., Sato, A., Nishimoto‐Kusunose, S., Yoshizawa, K., & Higashi, T. (2024) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109397 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Carey, L., Walker, D., Jones, M., Ionescu, C. M., Wagle, S. R., Kovačević, B., Brown, D. J., Mikov, M., Mooranian, A., & Al‐Salami, H. (2021) · Therapeutic Delivery · doi:10.4155/tde-2021-0048 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Zhou, F., Gao, B., Deng, C., Huang, G., Xu, T., & Wang, X. (2016) · Reproductive Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.07.019 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Gut–brain communication mediates the impact of dietary lipids on cognitive capacity
Fan, C., Xu, J., Tong, H., Fang, Y., Chen, Y., Lin, Y., Chen, R., Chen, F., & Wu, G. (2024) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d3fo05288e · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Bile acids regulate SF-1 to alter cholesterol balance in adrenocortical cells via S1PR2
Liu, L., Zhou, S., Zaufel, A., Xie, Z., Racedo, S., Wagner, M., Zollner, G., Fickert, P., & Zhang, Q. (2023) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149342 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The Role of Hypothalamic Neuropeptides in Regulation of Liver Functions in Health and Disease
Petrescu, A. D., An, S. Y., Venter, J., McMillin, M., & DeMorrow, S. (2023) · Endocrines · doi:10.3390/endocrines4020034 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationExercise training ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis and anxiety-like behaviors
Tomiga, Y., Tanaka, K., Kusuyama, J., Takano, A., Higaki, Y., Anzai, K., & Takahashi, K. (2024) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00161.2024 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Li, J., Zhang, F., Zhao, L., & Dong, C. (2023) · Reviews in the Neurosciences · doi:10.1515/revneuro-2023-0006 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Cao, J., Hu, W., Chen, Y., Ailikaiti, A., Zhang, Z., Li, R., Yu, H., & Wang, H. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202413299 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Pathologic and therapeutic insights into cholestatic liver disease-associated depressive disorder
Li, X., Wang, H., Li, Y., Huang, M., Li, X., Yu, Z., Li, P., & Liu, R. (2025) · Acta Materia Medica · doi:10.15212/amm-2024-0082 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Giovannoni, L., Pierzchała, K., Roo, M. D., Braissant, O., Bruce, S., McLin, V. A., & Vutskits, L. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-80871-8 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Dalvi, P. S., Loganathan, N., McIlwraith, E. K., Tran, A., & Belsham, D. D. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819801-8.00002-8 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Increased serum total bile acid level is associated with improved prognosis of ischemic stroke
Liu, Y., Mao, X., Li, Q., Liu, Y., Wu, X., Chu, M., Niu, H., Sun, L., He, Y., Chang, X., et al. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.03.132 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Jiang, S., Hu, Q., & Zhang, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2022.1023798 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Anand, K., Kumar, P., Haveri, S., Acharya, S., Tripathi, A. P., Bhole, M., & Malhotra, D. (2023) · International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics · doi:10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20232171 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Neurologic Consequences of Liver Disease
McMillin, M., Rhodes, K., & DeMorrow, S. (2026) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2026.07.014 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationGastric Bypass Surgery Regulates Glucose Homeostasis Through the Hypothalamus
Quan, H. (2019) · Clinical Medicine Research · doi:10.11648/j.cmr.20190802.11 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Preparation for Pediatric Liver Transplant: Medical Aspects
Rock, N. M., & McLin, V. A. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-63671-1.00006-9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Neuroinflammatory Signals during Acute and Chronic Liver Diseases
McMillin, M., & DeMorrow, S. (2017) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.68938
Self-citationPiórkowska, K., Żukowski, K., Połtowicz, K., Witarski, W., Nowak, J., Potocka, P., & Ropka‐Molik, K. (2021) · Animal Genetics · doi:10.1111/age.13140
Sepehri, A., Jahromi, G. P., Shahbazi, A., Sahraei, H., Hatef, B., Meftahi, G. H., & Negah, S. S. (2022) · Acta Histochemica · doi:10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151960
Wang, Y., McMillin, M., Frampton, G. A., Rhodes, K., Williams, E., Venter, J., Tyson, J., Gupta, E., Patankar, M., Mireles, P., et al. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27083547
Self-citationLi, T., Kuang, H., Zhang, J., Meng, Y., Feng, X., Mao, X., Pan, Z., & Sun, M. (2026) · Current Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s00284-026-04918-x
Майбородин, И. В., Sheplev, B. V., & Chernomortseva, E. S. (2026) · Russian Journal of Evidence-Based Gastroenterology · doi:10.17116/dokgastro20261502143
- Authors
- McMillin, M., Frampton, G., Quinn, M., Divan, A., Grant, S., Patel, N., Newell-Rogers, K., & DeMorrow, S.
- Affiliations
- Texas A&M Health Science Center (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - Temple (US)
- Department of Surgery (A.D., M.K.N.-R.), Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple 76508, Texas
- Corresponding author
- DeMorrow, Sharon
- ORCID
- Venue
- Molecular Endocrinology
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2015-12-01
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1720-1730
- ISSN
- 0888-8809 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-9917
- PMC
- PMC4664228
- OpenAlex
- W2181744396
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 3.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Molecular Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (I01 BX002638, BX002638, BX002638-01, DK082435)
- National Institutes of Health (BX002638)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK078532, DK082435, R01DK082435, K01DK078532)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Keywords
- hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, cholestasis, bile acid signaling, corticotropin-releasing factor, cholestyramine, taurocholate, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, ASBT, glucocorticoid receptor, corticosterone, blood-brain barrier, hypothalamic neurons, cholestatic liver injury
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bile Acids and Salts, Cholestyramine Resin, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Hypothalamus, Male, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review