Biochemical and Biological Properties of 4-(3-phenyl-[1,2,4] thiadiazol-5-yl)-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid phenylamide, a Mechanism-Based Inhibitor of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase
Abstract
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is an integral membrane enzyme within the amidase-signature family. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of several endogenous biologically active lipids, including anandamide (arachidonoyl ethanolamide), oleoyl ethanolamide, and palmitoyl ethanolamide. These endogenous FAAH substrates have been shown to be involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including synaptic regulation, regulation of sleep and feeding, locomotor activity, pain and inflammation. Here we describe the biochemical and biological properties of a potent and selective FAAH inhibitor, 4-(3-phenyl-[1,2,4]thiadiazol-5-yl)-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid phenylamide (JNJ-1661010). The time-dependence of apparent IC(50) values at rat and human recombinant FAAH, dialysis and mass spectrometry data indicate that the acyl piperazinyl fragment of JNJ-1661010 forms a covalent bond with the enzyme. This bond is slowly hydrolyzed, with release of the piperazinyl fragment and recovery of enzyme activity. The lack of inhibition observed in a rat liver esterase assay suggests that JNJ-1661010 is not a general esterase inhibitor. JNJ-1661010 is >100-fold preferentially selective for FAAH-1 when compared to FAAH-2. JNJ-1661010 dose-dependently increases arachidonoyl ethanolamide, oleoyl ethanolamide, and palmitoyl ethanolamide in the rat brain. The compound attenuates tactile allodynia in the rat mild thermal injury model of acute tissue damage and in the rat spinal nerve ligation (Chung) model of neuropathic pain. JNJ-1661010 also diminishes thermal hyperalgesia in the inflammatory rat carrageenan paw model. These data suggest that FAAH inhibitors with modes of action similar to JNJ-1661010 may be useful clinically as broad-spectrum analgesics.
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Pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of FAAH attenuates carrageenan-induced inflammation as well as mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia.
“For example, pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of FAAH attenuates carrageenan-induced inflammation as well as mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia (increased sensitivity to a noxious heat stimuli) (Ghosh et al, 2013;Karbarz et al, 2009;Lichtman et al, 2004).”
From The endogenous cannabinoid system: a budding source of targets for treating inflammatory and neuropathic pain (2018) · cites this paper as Karbarz et al, 2009
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- Authors
- Karbarz, M. J., Luo, L., Chang, L., Tham, C.-S., Palmer, J. A., Wilson, S. J., Wennerholm, M. L., Brown, S. M., Scott, B. P., Apodaca, R. L., Keith, J. M., Wu, J., Breitenbucher, J. G., Chaplan, S. R., & Webb, M.
- Affiliations
- Janssen Research & Development (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Webb, Michael
- ORCID
- Venue
- Anesthesia & Analgesia
- Published
- 2009-01
- Volume
- 108
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 316-329
- ISSN
- 0003-2999 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2074709986
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 6.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Anesthesia & Analgesia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Eicosanoids and Hypertension Pharmacology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Enzyme function and inhibition
- Keywords
- fatty acid amide hydrolase, FAAH inhibitors, covalent enzyme inhibition, anandamide, endocannabinoid system, neuropathic pain, allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, carrageenan-induced inflammation, analgesics, enzyme selectivity
- MeSH terms
- Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolases, Amides, Amidohydrolases, Analgesics, Animals, Arachidonic Acids, Brain, Carrageenan, Disease Models, Animal, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Enzyme Inhibitors, Ethanolamines, Hot Temperature, Humans, Hydrolysis, Isoenzymes, Kinetics, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Neuralgia, Oleic Acids, Pain, Pain Measurement, Palmitic Acids, Piperazines, Reaction Time, Recombinant Proteins, Thiadiazoles, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Pain Threshold, Mice, Knockout, Mice, Rats, Polyunsaturated Alkamides, Endocannabinoids
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