Cited by 323Pain Mechanisms and TreatmentsPeroxisome Proliferator-Activated ReceptorsIon Channels and Receptors

Rapid Broad-Spectrum Analgesia through Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α

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LoVerme, Jesse, Russo, Roberto, La Rana, Giovanna, Fu, Jin, Farthing, Jesse, Mattace-Raso, Giuseppina, Meli, Rosaria, Hohmann, Andrea +2 more·2006·The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

Abstract

Severe pain remains a major area of unmet medical need. Here we report that agonists of the nuclear receptor PPAR-alpha (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha) suppress pain behaviors induced in mice by chemical tissue injury, nerve damage, or inflammation. The PPAR-alpha agonists GW7647 [2-(4-(2-(1-cyclohexanebutyl)-3-cyclohexylureido)ethyl)phenylthio)-2-methylpropionic acid], Wy-14643 [4-chloro-6-(2,3-xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthioacetic acid], and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) reduced nocifensive behaviors elicited in mice by intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of formalin or i.p. injection of magnesium sulfate. These effects were absent in PPAR-alpha-null mice yet occurred within minutes of agonist administration in wild-type mice, suggesting that they were mediated through a transcription-independent mechanism. Consistent with this hypothesis, blockade of calcium-operated IK(ca) (K(Ca)3.1) and BK(ca) (K(Ca)1.1) potassium channels prevented the effects of GW7647 and PEA in the formalin test. Three observations suggest that PPAR-alpha agonists may inhibit nocifensive responses by acting on peripheral PPAR-alpha. (i) PEA reduced formalin-induced pain at i.pl. doses that produced no increase in systemic PEA levels; (ii) PPAR-alpha was expressed in dorsal root ganglia neurons of wild-type but not PPAR-alpha-null mice; and (ii) GW7647 and PEA prevented formalin-induced firing of spinal cord nociceptive neurons in rats. In addition to modulating nociception, GW7647 and PEA reduced hyperalgesic responses in the chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain; these effects were also contingent on PPAR-alpha expression and were observed following either acute or subchronic PPAR-alpha agonist administration. Finally, acute administration of GW7647 and PEA reduced hyperalgesic responses in the complete Freund's adjuvant and carrageenan models of inflammatory pain. Our results suggest that PPAR-alpha agonists may represent a novel class of analgesics.

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Crossref · 10.1124/jpet.106.111385

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Authors
LoVerme, J., Russo, R., La Rana, G., Fu, J., Farthing, J., Mattace-Raso, G., Meli, R., Hohmann, A., Calignano, A., & Piomelli, D.
Affiliations
University of Georgia (US)
Venue
The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2006-12
Volume
319
Issue
3
Pages
1051-1061
ISSN
0022-3565 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2105771810
Cited by
316
References
39
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 25
FWCI
13.51
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Sandler Foundation
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA14265, DA-14022, R01DA014022, R03DA014265)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Ion Channels and Receptors
Keywords
PPARα agonist, analgesia, pain, GW7647, Wy-14,643, palmitoylethanolamide, formalin test, neuropathic pain, inflammatory pain, chronic constriction injury, dorsal root ganglia, potassium channels, hyperalgesia, nociception
MeSH terms
Analgesics, Animals, Hypolipidemic Agents, Drug Tolerance, Formaldehyde, Hyperalgesia, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Nociceptors, Pain Measurement, Fenofibrate, RNA, Sciatica, Immunoblotting, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, DNA, Complementary, Mice, Knockout, Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated, PPAR alpha, Mice, Rats

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