Real-time lineage analysis reveals oriented cell divisions associated with morphogenesis at the shoot apex of Arabidopsis thaliana
Abstract
Precise knowledge of spatial and temporal patterns of cell division, including number and orientation of divisions, and knowledge of cell expansion, is central to understanding morphogenesis. Our current knowledge of cell division patterns during plant and animal morphogenesis is largely deduced from analysis of clonal shapes and sizes. But such an analysis can reveal only the number, not the orientation or exact rate, of cell divisions. In this study, we have analyzed growth in real time by monitoring individual cell divisions in the shoot apical meristems (SAMs) of Arabidopsis thaliana. The live imaging technique has led to the development of a spatial and temporal map of cell division patterns. We have integrated cell behavior over time to visualize growth. Our analysis reveals temporal variation in mitotic activity and the cell division is coordinated across clonally distinct layers of cells. Temporal variation in mitotic activity is not correlated to the estimated plastochron length and diurnal rhythms. Cell division rates vary across the SAM surface. Cells in the peripheral zone (PZ) divide at a faster rate than in the central zone (CZ). Cell division rates in the CZ are relatively heterogeneous when compared with PZ cells. We have analyzed the cell behavior associated with flower primordium development starting from a stage at which the future flower comprises four cells in the L1 epidermal layer. Primordium development is a sequential process linked to distinct cellul…
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Boundaries are generally characterized by a low number of cell divisions and specific patterns of gene expression.
“In general, boundaries are characterized by a low number of cell divisions (Hussey, 1971;Reddy et al., 2004) and specific patterns of gene expression (Souer et al., 1996;Aida et al., 1997;Takada et al., 2001;Vroemen et al., 2003;Weir et al., 2004;Berger et al., 2009).”
From <i>Divide et impera</i>: boundaries shape the plant body and initiate new meristems (2016) · cites this paper as Reddy et al., 2004
Boundary cells adopt a unique behavior encompassing infrequent cell divisions and limited cell expansion, leading to the establishment of a zone of reduced growth.
“All these data clearly suggest that boundary cells adopt a unique behavior, encompassing infrequent cell divisions and limited cell expansion, leading to the establishment of a zone of reduced growth (Reddy et al., 2004).”
From <i>Divide et impera</i>: boundaries shape the plant body and initiate new meristems (2016) · cites this paper as Reddy et al., 2004
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- Authors
- Reddy, G. V., Heisler, M. G., Ehrhardt, D. W., & Meyerowitz, E. M.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Carnegie Institution for Science (US)
- Venue
- Development
- Publisher
- The Company of Biologists
- Published
- 2004-09-01
- Volume
- 131
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 4225-4237
- ISSN
- 0950-1991 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-9129
- OpenAlex
- W2151319306
- Cited by
- 339
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 23.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant tissue culture and regeneration
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Keywords
- oriented cell division, shoot apical meristem, morphogenesis, cell division rate, cell expansion, live-cell imaging, Arabidopsis thaliana, peripheral zone, central zone, mitotic activity, plastochron, diurnal cycle, clonal analysis, flower bud formation
- MeSH terms
- Bacterial Proteins, Cell Cycle, Cell Division, Fluorescent Dyes, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Luminescent Proteins, Mitosis, Plant Proteins, Plasmids, Stem Cells, Time Factors, Arabidopsis, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Plant Shoots, Cell Lineage, Transgenes
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