LATERAL ORGAN FUSION1 and LATERAL ORGAN FUSION2 function in lateral organ separation and axillary meristem formation in Arabidopsis
Abstract
Plant organs are generated from meristems throughout development. Patterning and elaboration of organ primordia occur as a result of organized cell division and expansion, processes that are likely to be controlled, in part, by meristem-derived signals. Communication between the meristem and lateral organs is crucial for meristem maintenance and organ patterning, and organ boundaries are thought to be important for mediating this communication. Arabidopsis thaliana LATERAL ORGAN FUSION1 (LOF1) encodes a MYB-domain transcription factor that is expressed in organ boundaries. lof1 mutants display defects in organ separation as a result of abnormal cell division and expansion during early boundary formation. lof1 mutants also fail to form accessory shoot meristems. Mutations in the closely related LATERAL ORGAN FUSION2 (LOF2) gene enhance the lof1 phenotype, such that lof1 lof2 double mutants display additional fusion defects. Genetic interactions with the CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON genes CUC2 and CUC3 revealed a role for LOF1 in both organ separation and axillary meristem formation. Expression of the meristem determinant STM was reduced in lof1 mutant paraclade junctions and lof1 enhanced the weak stm-10 mutant, such that double mutants had severe defects in meristem maintenance and organ separation. Our data implicate LOF1 and LOF2 in boundary specification, meristem initiation and maintenance, and organ patterning.
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LOF1 and CUC genes show complex interactions, regulating each other's expression.
“In addition, LOF1 and CUC genes show complex interactions, regulating each other's expression (Lee et al., 2009;Gendron et al., 2012; Fig. 3).”
From <i>Divide et impera</i>: boundaries shape the plant body and initiate new meristems (2016) · cites this paper as Lee et al., 2009
In Arabidopsis, CUC2 and CUC3 genes act redundantly with LOF1.
“In Arabidopsis, CUC2 and CUC3 genes act redundantly with the myeloblastosis oncoprotein (MYB)-domain transcription factor LATERAL ORGAN FUSION1 (LOF1) (Lee et al., 2009).”
From <i>Divide et impera</i>: boundaries shape the plant body and initiate new meristems (2016) · cites this paper as Lee et al., 2009
LOF1 and its paralog LOF2 are both specifically expressed in the adaxial leaf boundary and modulate AM formation in Arabidopsis.
“Furthermore, LOF1 and its paralog LOF2 are both specifically expressed in the adaxial leaf boundary and modulate AM formation in Arabidopsis (Lee et al., 2009).”
From <i>Divide et impera</i>: boundaries shape the plant body and initiate new meristems (2016) · cites this paper as Lee et al., 2009
Loss-of-function mutants of LOF1-2 show organ fusions.
“| LOF1-2 | T f(tomato) | MYB | Organ fusions, reduced | Stem and cauline leaves, | Lee et al. (2009); Naz et al. (2013) |”
From <i>Divide et impera</i>: boundaries shape the plant body and initiate new meristems (2016) · cites this paper as Lee et al. (2009)
The Arabidopsis LOF1 and LOF2 genes encode MYB protein family proteins.
“| LOF1-2 | T f(tomato) | MYB | Organ fusions, reduced | Stem and cauline leaves, | Lee et al. (2009); Naz et al. (2013) |”
From <i>Divide et impera</i>: boundaries shape the plant body and initiate new meristems (2016) · cites this paper as Lee et al. (2009)
Loss-of-function mutants of LOF1-2 have a reduced number of axillary meristems.
“| | | | number of AMs, simpler | inflorescence meristem | |”
From <i>Divide et impera</i>: boundaries shape the plant body and initiate new meristems (2016) · cites this paper as Lee et al. (2009)
Loss-of-function mutants of LOF1-2 have simpler leaves in compound-leaf species.
“| | | | leaves in compound-leaf | and young floral | |”
From <i>Divide et impera</i>: boundaries shape the plant body and initiate new meristems (2016) · cites this paper as Lee et al. (2009)
LOF1-2 is expressed in the boundary between the stem and cauline leaves, inflorescence meristem and young floral primordia, and floral organs.
“| LOF1-2 | T f(tomato) | MYB | Organ fusions, reduced | Stem and cauline leaves, | Lee et al. (2009); Naz et al. (2013) |”
From <i>Divide et impera</i>: boundaries shape the plant body and initiate new meristems (2016) · cites this paper as Lee et al. (2009)
Cites
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“las single mutants occasionally exhibited fusion between primary and axillary stems under short-day growth conditions (Greb et al., 2003).”
BackgroundInfluentialBLADE-ON-PETIOLE–Dependent Signaling Controls Leaf and Floral Patterning in Arabidopsis
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“…not always correlated. las and rax mutants produce very few axillary meristems, but do not exhibit fusion (Greb et al., 2003; Keller et al., 2006; Müller et al., 2006), whereas loss-offunction lob mutants exhibit fusion between cauline leaves and axillary stems, but produce normal accessory…”
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<i>CUPULIFORMIS</i> establishes lateral organ boundaries in <i>Antirrhinum</i>
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The Stem Cell Niche in Leaf Axils Is Established by Auxin and Cytokinin in <i>Arabidopsis</i>
Wang, Y., Wang, J., Shi, B., Yu, T., Qi, J., Meyerowitz, E. M., & Jiao, Y. (2014) · The Plant Cell · doi:10.1105/tpc.114.123083 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
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Self-citationSagawa, J. M., Stanley, L. E., LaFountain, A. M., Frank, H. A., Liu, C., & Yuan, Y. (2016) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.13647 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
How boundaries control plant development
Žádníková, P., & Simon, R. (2014) · Current Opinion in Plant Biology · doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2013.11.013 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
<i>Divide et impera</i>: boundaries shape the plant body and initiate new meristems
Wang, Q., Hasson, A., Rossmann, S., & Theres, K. (2016) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.13641 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lee, D.-K., Geisler, M., & Springer, P. S.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Riverside (US)
- Venue
- Development
- Publisher
- The Company of Biologists
- Published
- 2009-07-15
- Volume
- 136
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 2423-2432
- ISSN
- 0950-1991 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-9129
- OpenAlex
- W2123698468
- Cited by
- 164
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 7.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Keywords
- organ boundaries, MYB transcription factors, CUC2, organ patterning, Arabidopsis thaliana
- MeSH terms
- Cell Division, Mutation, Phenotype, Transcription Factors, Genes, Plant, Arabidopsis, Homeodomain Proteins, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Meristem, Arabidopsis Proteins, Plants, Genetically Modified
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