The No Apical Meristem Gene of Petunia Is Required for Pattern Formation in Embryos and Flowers and Is Expressed at Meristem and Primordia Boundaries

Souer, Erik; van Houwelingen, Adèle; Kloos, Daisy; Mol, Jos; Koes, Ronald

doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81093-4

Cited by 1,059Plant Molecular Biology ResearchDevelopmental Biology and Gene RegulationPlant Parasitism and Resistance

The No Apical Meristem Gene of Petunia Is Required for Pattern Formation in Embryos and Flowers and Is Expressed at Meristem and Primordia Boundaries

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Souer, Erik, van Houwelingen, Adèle, Kloos, Daisy, Mol, Jos, Koes, Ronald·1996·Cell

DOI 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81093-4

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Abstract

Petunia embryos carrying the no apical meristem (nam) mutation fail to develop a shoot apical meristem. Occasional shoots on nam- seedlings bear flowers that develop ten instead of five primordia in the second whorl. Double mutants with the homeotic gene green petals show that nam acts independently of organ identify in whorl 2 and now also affects primordium number in whorl 3. The nam gene was isolated by transposon tagging. The encoded protein shares a conserved N-terminal domain with several other proteins of unknown function and thus represents a novel class of proteins. Strikingly, nam mRNA accumulates in cells at the boundaries of meristems and primordia. These data indicate a role for nam in determining positions of meristems and primordia.

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Boundaries are generally characterized by a low number of cell divisions and specific patterns of gene expression.
“In general, boundaries are characterized by a low number of cell divisions (Hussey, 1971;Reddy et al., 2004) and specific patterns of gene expression (Souer et al., 1996;Aida et al., 1997;Takada et al., 2001;Vroemen et al., 2003;Weir et al., 2004;Berger et al., 2009).”
From Divide et impera: boundaries shape the plant body and initiate new meristems (2016) · cites this paper as Souer et al., 1996
NAM/CUC family genes are consistently expressed in boundary zones and their loss of function causes fusion of adjacent organs that would normally be separated.
“These genes are consistently expressed in boundary zones and their loss of function causes fusion of adjacent organs (e.g.cotyledons, floral organs, and ovules) that would normally be separated (Souer et al., 1996;Aida et al., 1997;Takada et al., 2001;Vroemen et al., 2003;Weir et al., 2004; Fig. 1e,f).”
From Divide et impera: boundaries shape the plant body and initiate new meristems (2016) · cites this paper as Souer et al., 1996
NAM/CUC proteins exert their function by repressing growth in boundary regions.
“It has been proposed that NAM/CUC proteins exert their function by repressing growth in the boundary regions, because mutations in these genes or down-regulation of their expression leads to ectopic growth in the boundaries between adjacent morphological structures (Souer et al., 1996”
From Divide et impera: boundaries shape the plant body and initiate new meristems (2016) · cites this paper as Souer et al., 1996
Gob in tomato, CUP in snapdragon, and NAM in petunia are homologous to Arabidopsis CUC1-3.
“| CUC1-3 | Gob (tomato (Solanum | NAC | Fusions of various organs, | SAM and lateral organs | Souer et al. (1996); Aida et al. |”
From Divide et impera: boundaries shape the plant body and initiate new meristems (2016) · cites this paper as Souer et al. (1996)
CUC1-3 is expressed in the boundary between the SAM and lateral organs (cotyledons, leaves, floral organs), leaflet and rachis, and emerging teeth of simple leaves.
“| CUC1-3 | Gob (tomato (Solanum | NAC | Fusions of various organs, | SAM and lateral organs | Souer et al. (1996); Aida et al. |”
From Divide et impera: boundaries shape the plant body and initiate new meristems (2016) · cites this paper as Souer et al. (1996)

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Authors: Souer, E., van Houwelingen, A., Kloos, D., Mol, J., & Koes, R.
Affiliations: Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
Corresponding author: Koes, Ronald
ORCID: Souer, Erik
Koes, Ronald
Venue: Cell
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1996-04
Volume: 85
Issue: 2
Pages: 159-170
ISSN: 0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81093-4
OpenAlex: W2042308680
Cited by: 1,059
References: 44
Citations by year: 2026: 35 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 37
FWCI: 33.84
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 6316 d)
Locations: Cell (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Parasitism and Resistance
Keywords: petunia, shoot apical meristem, flower development, organ primordia, homeotic genes, transposon tagging, gene isolation, pattern formation
MeSH terms: Alleles, Base Sequence, Cloning, Molecular, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Phenotype, Plant Proteins, Plants, RNA, Messenger, Seeds, Genes, Plant, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, In Situ Hybridization, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Meristem

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The No Apical Meristem Gene of Petunia Is Required for Pattern Formation in Embryos and Flowers and Is Expressed at Meristem and Primordia Boundaries

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