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Cited by 36melanin and skin pigmentationMelanoma and MAPK PathwaysDevelopmental Biology and Gene Regulation

Melanocyte lineage dynamics in development, growth and disease

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Brombin, Alessandro, Patton, E. Elizabeth·2024·Development
DOI 10.1242/dev.201266PMC PMC11317096
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Abstract

Melanocytes evolved to produce the melanin that gives colour to our hair, eyes and skin. The melanocyte lineage also gives rise to melanoma, the most lethal form of skin cancer. The melanocyte lineage differentiates from neural crest cells during development, and most melanocytes reside in the skin and hair, where they are replenished by melanocyte stem cells. Because the molecular mechanisms necessary for melanocyte specification, migration, proliferation and differentiation are co-opted during melanoma initiation and progression, studying melanocyte development is directly relevant to human disease. Here, through the lens of advances in cellular omic and genomic technologies, we review the latest findings in melanocyte development and differentiation, and how these developmental pathways become dysregulated in disease.

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  • Mammals and birds have a single skin pigment cell, the melanocyte, which can transfer melanin-containing melanosomes to keratinocytes for deposition in hair or feathers.

    “Mammals and birds have a single skin pigment cell, the melanocyte, which can transfer melanin-containing melanosomes to keratinocytes for deposition in hair or feathers (2).”

    From Agouti and BMP signaling drive a naturally occurring fate conversion of melanophores to leucophores in zebrafish (2025) · cites this paper as [2]

    The Introduction (page not available in our copy) says melanocytes produce melanin in melanosomes, that mammalian melanosomes are distributed to skin keratinocytes, and that melanocytes transfer pigment to growing hair. It does not establish that melanocytes are the single skin pigment-cell type in mammals and birds, or describe transfer to keratinocytes for feather pigmentation. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Transitional cells and ML continued to express mitfa and kita.

    “These cells also continued to express melanocyte inducing transcription factor a (mitfa), the master regulator of melanophore development, and kita, encoding a receptor tyrosine kinase essential for melanophore differentiation and morphogenesis (2)”

    From Agouti and BMP signaling drive a naturally occurring fate conversion of melanophores to leucophores in zebrafish (2025) · cites this paper as [2]

    The ‘Neural crest cells as the origin of melanocytes’ section discusses mitfa expression in zebrafish pigment-cell progenitors, but does not identify transitional cells or ML as continuing to express both genes. Searches for ‘transitional cells’ and ‘kita’ found no passage establishing that co-expression in our copy; no page numbers were provided. (LLM, conf=0.72)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Brombin, A., & Patton, E. E.
Affiliations
Edinburgh Cancer Research (GB)
Corresponding author
Patton, E. Elizabeth
ORCID
Venue
Development
Publisher
The Company of Biologists
Published
2024-08-01
Volume
151
Issue
15
ISSN
  • 0950-1991 (ISSN-L)
  • 1477-9129
DOI
10.1242/dev.201266
PMC
PMC11317096
OpenAlex
W4401269943
Cited by
36
References
10
Citations by year
2026: 17 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 1
FWCI
1.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Development (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00035/13)
  • Melanoma Research Alliance
  • Rosetrees Trust (687306, 917226)
  • Cancer Research UK (CTRQQR-2021\100006)
  • University of Edinburgh
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Melanoma and MAPK Pathways
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
Keywords
melanocyte lineage, melanocyte development, melanocyte differentiation, neural crest, melanocyte stem cells, melanoma, melanin, melanocyte migration, melanocyte proliferation, skin pigmentation, hair pigmentation
MeSH terms
Animals, Cell Differentiation, Humans, Melanocytes, Melanoma, Neural Crest, Skin Neoplasms, Cell Lineage, Cell Proliferation

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