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MDMX: from bench to bedside
Open accessAbstract
The tumor suppressor protein p53 is negatively regulated by Mdm2, a ubiquitin ligase protein that targets p53 for degradation. Mdmx (also known as Mdm4) is a relative of Mdm2 that was identified on the basis of its ability to physically interact with p53. An increasing body of evidence, including recent genetic studies, suggests that Mdmx also acts as a key negative regulator of p53. Aberrant expression of MDMX could thus contribute to tumor formation. Indeed, MDMX amplification and/or overexpression occurs in several diverse tumors. Strikingly, recent work identifies MDMX as a specific chemotherapeutic target for treatment of retinoblastoma. Specific MDMX antagonists should therefore be developed as a tool to ensure activation of `dormant' p53 activity in tumors that retain wild-type p53.
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In the citing paper
“The oncogene Mdmx is overexpressed in many human malignancies, and together with Mdm2, negatively regulates the p53 tumor suppressor.”
From Mdmx promotes genomic instability independent of p53 and Mdm2 (2015) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“While Mdmx negatively regulates p53, it does so through inhibiting p53 transcriptional activity rather than promoting p53 degradation through ubiquitination, as is the case for Mdm2.24,25”
From Mdmx promotes genomic instability independent of p53 and Mdm2 (2015) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“While it is clear Mdmx regulates p53,25,43”
From Mdmx promotes genomic instability independent of p53 and Mdm2 (2015) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“it is known that Mdmx can regulate p53 independent of Mdm2.25,43”
From Mdmx promotes genomic instability independent of p53 and Mdm2 (2015) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Genetic analyses demonstrate that the major cellular target (at least in development) for both Mdm2 and Mdmx is p53 [49].”
From The p53 orchestra: Mdm2 and Mdmx set the tone (2010) · cites this paper as [49]
In the citing paper
“In vitro and in vivo studies show that damage-induced modifications of Mdm2 and Mdmx lead to their destabilization and degradation, reducing their ability to antagonize p53 [49,50].”
From The p53 orchestra: Mdm2 and Mdmx set the tone (2010) · cites this paper as [49]
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Citations
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Self-citationHdmx protein stability is regulated by the ubiquitin ligase activity of Mdm2
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Conditional allele of mdm2 which encodes a p53 inhibitor
Grier, J. D., Yan, W., & Lozano, G. (2002) · genesis · doi:10.1002/gene.10066 · Cited by 57
Use of Preclinical Models to Improve Treatment of Retinoblastoma
Dyer, M. A., Galindo, C. R., & Wilson, M. W. (2005) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0020332 · Cited by 57
Self-citationRescue of Mdm4-deficient mice by Mdm2 reveals functional overlap of Mdm2 and Mdm4 in development
Steinman, H. A., Hoover, K. L., Keeler, M. L., Sands, A., & Jones, S. N. (2005) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1208930 · Cited by 52
Bartel, F., Harris, L. C., Würl, P., & Taubert, H. W. (2004) · Molecular Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1541-7786.29.2.1 · Cited by 52
Rallapalli, R., Strachan, G. D., Tuan, R. S., & Hall, D. J. (2003) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.10535 · Cited by 45
G1 checkpoint failure and increased tumor susceptibility in mice lacking the novel p53 target Ptprv
Doumont, G., Martoriati, A., Beekman, C., Bogaerts, S., Mee, P. J., Bureau, F., Colombo, E., Alcalay, M., Bellefroid, E., Marchesi, F., et al. (2005) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600769 · Cited by 40
Self-citationMouse bites dogma: how mouse models are changing our views of how P53 is regulated in vivo
Wahl, G. M. (2006) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4401911 · Cited by 37
Sex change and relative body size in animals
Buston, P. M., Munday, P. L., & Warner, R. R. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02512a · Cited by 35
Phosphorylation of MdmX by CDK2/Cdc2p34 is required for nuclear export of Mdm2
Elias, B. C., Laine, A. M., & Ronai, Z. A. (2005) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1208488 · Cited by 24
Modification of MDMX by sumoylation
Pan, Y., & Chen, J. (2005) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.05.012 · Cited by 20
Generation of an Mdm2 conditional allele in mice
Steinman, H. A., & Jones, S. N. (2002) · genesis · doi:10.1002/gene.10035 · Cited by 14
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 95 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Blinded by the Light: The Growing Complexity of p53
Vousden, K. H., & Prives, C. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.04.037 · Cited by 3,163
Mutant p53: one name, many proteinsPreprint
Freed-Pastor, W. A., & Prives, C. L. (2012) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.190678.112 · Cited by 1,290
Linking the p53 tumour suppressor pathway to somatic cell reprogramming
Kawamura, T., Suzuki, J., Wang, Y. V., Menendez, S., Morera, L. B., Raya, A., Wahl, G. M., & Belmonte, J. C. I. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08311 · Cited by 1,115
Chang, Y. S., Graves, B. J., Guerlavais, V., Tovar, C., Packman, K. E., To, K.-H., Olson, K. A., Kesavan, K. P., Gangurde, P., Mukherjee, A., et al. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1303002110 · Cited by 681
p53 post-translational modification: deregulated in tumorigenesis
Dai, C., & Gu, W. J. (2010) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2010.09.002 · Cited by 545
Metadata
- Authors
- Marine, J.-C. W., Dyer, M. A., & Jochemsen, A. G.
- Affiliations
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (BE)
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (US)
- Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Marine, Jean-Christophe W.
- Venue
- Journal of Cell Science
- Publisher
- The Company of Biologists
- Published
- 2007-02-01
- Volume
- 120
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 371-378
- ISSN
- 0021-9533 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-9137
- OpenAlex
- W2141224144
- Cited by
- 228
- References
- 95
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 2.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Cell Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Heat shock proteins research
- Keywords
- MDMX, MDM2, p53, tumor suppressor regulation, ubiquitin ligase, retinoblastoma, chemotherapeutic target, wild-type p53
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Models, Biological, Neoplasms, Nuclear Proteins, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53, Cell Cycle Proteins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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