High-Intensity Aerobic Exercise Acutely Increases Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor
Open accessAbstract
Aerobic exercise (AEx) exerts antidepressant effects, although the neurobiological mechanisms underlying such effects are not well understood. Reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and elevated cortisol have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression and appear to normalize with antidepressant treatment. Thus, BDNF and cortisol may serve as biological targets for developing AEx as an antidepressant treatment. Purpose: This study examined the effects of AEx, of different intensities, on serum BDNF and cortisol in individuals with and without depression. Methods: Thirteen participants with depression (10 females; age = 27.2 ± 6.9 yr; Montgomery–Äsberg Depression Rating Scale = 21.7 ± 4.7) and 13 control participants (10 females; age 27.2 ± 7.2 yr; Montgomery–Äsberg Depression Rating Scale = 0.5 ± 0.9) participated. Experimental visits consisted of 15 min of low-intensity cycling (LO) at 35% heart rate reserve, high-intensity cycling (HI) at 70% heart rate reserve, or sitting (CON). During each visit, blood samples were obtained at baseline, immediately postexercise (IP), and then every 15 min postexercise for 1 h (15P, 30P, 45P, and 60P). Group, condition, and time differences in BDNF and cortisol were assessed. Results: There were no group differences in cortisol and BDNF. Secondary analysis revealed that BDNF increased in an intensity-dependent nature at IP, and cortisol was significantly elevated at 15P after HI. Changes in BDNF and cortisol showed significant linear relationships with changes in HR. Conclusion: HI AEx can elicit acute, transient increases in BDNF and cortisol in young, healthy, and physically active, nondepressed and mild to moderately depressed individuals. This work suggests that AEx has potential to significantly affect the central nervous system function, and the magnitude of such effect may be directly driven by exercise intensity.
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One study found that compared to high-intensity interval training, moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise reduced the levels of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β.
“However, one study found that compared to high-intensity interval training, moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise reduced the levels of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β [112].”
From Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of exercise on depression in adolescents (2022) · cites this paper as [112]
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- [37]Meyer JD, Koltyn KF, Stegner AJ, Kim JS, Cook DB. Relationships between serum BDNF and the antidepressant effect of acute exercise in depressed women. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2016 9 28; 74: 286– 94. 27697714
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- Authors
- ROSS, R. E., SALADIN, M. E., GEORGE, M. S., & GREGORY, C. M.
- Affiliations
- Medical University of South Carolina (US)
- Venue
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
- Published
- 2019-03-04
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1698-1709
- ISSN
- 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-0315
- PMC
- PMC6629513
- OpenAlex
- W2922085322
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 3.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR001450)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P20GM109040)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD095137)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- aerobic exercise, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, cortisol, exercise intensity, depression, acute exercise effects, heart rate, cycling, antidepressant effects of exercise, serum biomarkers
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Depression, Exercise Therapy, Physical Exertion, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Neuronal Plasticity, Perception, Time Factors, Biomarkers, Exercise, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Young Adult
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