Large Scale Cohort Study of the Relationship Between Serum Cholesterol Concentration and Coronary Events With Low-Dose Simvastatin Therapy in Japanese Patients With Hypercholesterolemia: Primary Prevention Cohort Study of the Japan Lipid Intervention Trial (J-LIT)

Matsuzaki, Masunori; Kita, Toru; Mabuchi, Hiroshi; Matsuzawa, Yuji; Nakaya, Noriaki; Oikawa, Shinichi; Saito, Yasushi; Sasaki, Jun; Shimamoto, Kazuaki; Itakura, Hiroshige; the J-LIT Study Group

doi:10.1253/circj.66.1087

Cited by 260Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular HealthCancer, Lipids, and MetabolismCholesterol and Lipid Metabolism

Large Scale Cohort Study of the Relationship Between Serum Cholesterol Concentration and Coronary Events With Low-Dose Simvastatin Therapy in Japanese Patients With Hypercholesterolemia: Primary Prevention Cohort Study of the Japan Lipid Intervention Trial (J-LIT)

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Matsuzaki, Masunori, Kita, Toru, Mabuchi, Hiroshi, Matsuzawa, Yuji, Nakaya, Noriaki, Oikawa, Shinichi, Saito, Yasushi, Sasaki, Jun +3 more·2002·Circulation Journal

DOI 10.1253/circj.66.1087

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Abstract

Hyperlipidemia is a well-established risk factor for primary coronary heart disease (CHD). Although simvastatin is known to lower serum lipid concentrations, the protective effect of such lipid-lowering therapy against primary CHD has not been established in Japanese patients with hypercholesterolemia. The Japan Lipid Intervention Trial was a 6-year, nationwide cohort study of 47,294 patients treated with open-labeled simvastatin (5-10 mg/day) and monitored by physicians under standard clinical conditions. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the occurrence of CHD and the serum lipid concentrations during low-dose simvastatin treatment. Simvastatin reduced serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein- cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG), by 18.4%, 26.8% and 16.1% on average, respectively, during the treatment period. The risk of coronary events was higher when the average TC concentration was > or =240 mg/dl and the average LDL-C concentration was > or =160 mg/dl. The incidence of coronary events increased in the patients with TG concentration > or =300 mg/dl compared with patients with TG concentration <150 mg/dl. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) inversely correlated with the risk of coronary events. The J-curve association was observed between average TC or LDL-C concentrations and total mortality. Malignancy was the most prevalent cause of death. The health of patients should be monitored closely when there is a remarkable decrease in TC and LDL-C concentrations with low-dose statin. A reasonable strategy to prevent coronary events in Japanese hypercholesterolemic patients without prior CHD under low-dose statin treatment might be regulating the serum lipid concentrations to at least <240 mg/dl for TC, <160 mg/dl for LDL-C, <300 mg/dl for TG, and >40 mg/dl for HDL-C.

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In NIPPON DATA90, HDL-C was significantly inversely correlated with all deaths and stroke-related deaths.
“A 9.6-year observational period in NIPPON DATA90 showed that HDL-C was significantly inversely correlated with all deaths as well as stroke-related deaths80).”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [80]
Women generally have higher HDL-C levels than men.
“Women generally have a higher HDL-C level than men46, 80, 85).”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [80]
Western epidemiological studies and intervention trials show that the incidence rate of cardiovascular events is higher in patients with CAD than in primary prevention patients.
“It is evident in epidemiological studies and intervention trials conducted in the Western countries that the incidence rate of cardiovascular events is higher in patients with CAD than in primary prevention patients177–179).”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [179]
A decrease in the incidence of cardiovascular events is proportionate to the decrease in LDL-C level, regardless of pretreatment LDL-C level and individual absolute risk.
“Meta-analyses conducted by the Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' Collaboration on large-scale clinical trials using statins confirmed that a decrease in the incidence of cardiovascular events was proportionate to the decrease in LDL-C level, regardless of pretreatment LDL-C level and individual absolute risk177–179, 348).”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [179]
In managing dyslipidemia expressed by hypertriglyceridemia, the non-HDL-C level is more useful than the LDL-C level.
“However, in managing dyslipidemia expressed by hypertriglyceridemia, the non-HDL-C level is more useful than the LDL-C level. This has been reported in a number of studies177–179, 623, 624, 626, 627, 647).”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [179]

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Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension (JSH 2004)
Guidelines, S. (2006) · Hypertension Research · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension (JSH 2004)
Japanese Society of Hypertension (2006) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1291/hypres.29.s1 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Diagnostic Criteria for Dyslipidemia
Teramoto, T., Sasaki, J., Ishibashi, S., Birou, S., Daida, H., Dohi, S., Egusa, G., Hiro, T., Hirobe, K., Iida, M., et al. (2013) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.17152 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
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Recent advances in pharmacotherapy for hypertriglyceridemia
Sahebkar, A., Chew, G. T., & Watts, G. F. (2014) · Progress in Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2014.07.002 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Incremental Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid on Cardiovascular Events in Statin-Treated Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Secondary Prevention Analysis From JELIS
Matsuzaki, M., Yokoyama, M., Saitō, Y., Origasa, H., Ishikawa, Y., Oikawa, S., Sasaki, J., Hishida, H., Itakura, H., Kita, T., et al. (2009) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.cj-08-1197 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
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Beyond Lipid-Lowering: Effects of Statins on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases and Cancer
Morofuji, Y., Nakagawa, S., Ujifuku, K., Fujimoto, T., Otsuka, K., Niwa, M., & Tsutsumi, K. (2022) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph15020151 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Effect of Genetic Polymorphism of OATP-C (SLCO1B1) on Lipid-Lowering Response to HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Tachibana-Iimori, R., Tabara, Y., Kusuhara, H., Kohara, K., Kawamoto, R., Nakura, J., Tokunaga, K., Kondo, I., Sugiyama, Y., & Miki, T. (2004) · Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics · doi:10.2133/dmpk.19.375 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Large Scale Cohort Study of the Relationship Between Serum Cholesterol Concentration and Coronary Events With Low-Dose Simvastatin Therapy in Japanese Patients With Hypercholesterolemia and Coronary Heart Disease: Secondary Prevention Cohort Study of the Japan Lipid Intervention Trial (J-LIT)
Mabuchi, H., Kita, T., Matsuzaki, M., Matsuzawa, Y., Nakaya, N., Oikawa, S., Saito, Y., Sasaki, J., Shimamoto, K., Itakura, H., et al. (2002) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.66.1096 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Self-citation
Suppressive effect of EPA on the incidence of coronary events in hypercholesterolemia with impaired glucose metabolism: Sub-analysis of the Japan EPA Lipid Intervention Study (JELIS)
Oikawa, S., Yokoyama, M., Origasa, H., Matsuzaki, M., Matsuzawa, Y., Saito, Y., Ishikawa, Y., Sasaki, J., Hishida, H., Itakura, H., et al. (2009) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.03.029 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
“emia, a decrease in LDL-C led to a reduction in their CAD risk [2–8].”
BackgroundSelf-citation
The inverse relationship between serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and all-cause mortality in a 9.6-year follow-up study in the Japanese general population
Okamura, T., Hayakawa, T., Kadowaki, T., Kita, Y., Okayama, A., & Ueshima, H. (2005) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.03.042 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Statins stimulate atherosclerosis and heart failure: pharmacological mechanisms
Okuyama, H., Langsjoen, P. H., Hamazaki, T., Ogushi, Y., Hama, R., Kobayashi, T., & Uchino, H. (2015) · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1586/17512433.2015.1011125 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
“Japan Lipid Intervention Trial This was the first large-scale intervention trial with a statin performed in Japan, and those with TC levels of ‡220 mg/dl were treated with a low-dose simvastatin for 6 years with no control group [26].”
Background
Endothelial Dysfunction, Increased Arterial Stiffness, and Cardiovascular Risk Prediction in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: FMD‐J (Flow‐Mediated Dilation Japan) Study A
Maruhashi, T., Soga, J., Fujimura, N., Idei, N., Mikami, S., Iwamoto, Y., Iwamoto, A., Kajikawa, M., Matsumoto, T., Oda, N., et al. (2018) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.118.008588 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Molecular Mechanisms of HDL-Cholesterol Elevation by Statins and Its Effects on HDL Functions
Yamashita, S., Tsubakio‐Yamamoto, K., Ohama, T., Nakagawa-Toyama, Y., & Nishida, M. (2010) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.5405 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Potential Benefits and Risks Associated with the Use of Statins
Khatiwada, N., & Hong, Z. (2024) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics16020214 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
“In the early stages of statin research, concerns arose about a potential link between statin use and cancer risk, particularly with lipophilic statins such as simvastatin [66].”
Background
Dyslipidemia in South Asian patients
Enas, E. A., Chacko, V., Pazhoor, S. G., Chennikkara, H., & Devarapalli, H. P. (2007) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-007-0047-y · Cited by 95 · see citing works
“Several Japanese studies demonstrated that treatment with low doses of statins (5 mg/d of simvastatin or 10–20 mg/d of pravastatin) reduced LDL by 27% to 29%, an LDL reduction that is usually achieved with 20 mg/d of simvastatin or 40 mg/d of pravastatin in Europe and the United States [35, 36 ].”
Background
The statin-low cholesterol-cancer conundrum
Ravnskov, U., McCully, K. K., & ROSCH, P. J. (2011) · QJM · doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcr243 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“Matsuzaki et al.(17) followed 47 294 hypercholesterolemic Japanese patients on low dose (5–10 mg) simvastatin per day for 6 years, and found that the number of cancer deaths was more than three times higher in patients whose total cholesterol was <160 mg/dl at follow-up compared with those whose cholesterol was normal…”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Consensus statement on management of dyslipidemia in Indian subjects
Chandra, K. S., Bansal, M., Nair, T., Iyengar, S. S., Gupta, R., Manchanda, S. C., Mohanan, P. P., Rao, V. D., Manjunath, C. N., Sawhney, J. P. S., et al. (2014) · Indian Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ihj.2014.12.001 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Sustained Reduction of Serum Cholesterol in Low-Dose 6-Year Simvastatin Treatment With Minimum Side Effects in 51,321 Japanese Hypercholesterolemic Patients
Matsuzawa, Y., Kita, T., Mabuchi, H., Matsuzaki, M., Nakaya, N., Oikawa, S., Saitō, Y., Sasaki, J., Shimamoto, K., Itakura, H., et al. (2003) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.67.287 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citation
HMG CoA reductase inhibitors reduce ischemic brain injury of Wistar rats through decreasing oxidative stress on neurons
Hayashi, T., Hamakawa, K., Nagotani, S., Jin, G., Li, F., Deguchi, K., Sehara, Y., Zhang, H., Nagano, I., Shoji, M., et al. (2005) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2004.12.051 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
The Japan Society for Lipid Nutrition recommends to reduce the intake of linoleic acid. A review and critique of the scientific evidence.
Hamazaki, T., & Okuyama, H. (2003) · World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1159/000073796 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Optimal strategies for monitoring lipid levels in patients at risk or with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review with statistical and cost-effectiveness modelling
Perera, R., McFadden, E. C., McLellan, J., Lung, T. W.-C., Clarke, P., Pérez, T., Fanshawe, T. R., Dalton, A., Farmer, A. A., Glasziou, P., et al. (2015) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta191000 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Effects of Pitavastatin (LIVALO Tablet) on High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) in Hypercholesterolemia Sub-Analysis of LIVALO Effectiveness and Safety (LIVES) Study
Teramoto, T., Shimano, H., Yokote, K., & Urashima, M. (2009) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.1719 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
The Relationship between Very High Levels of Serum High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Cause-Specific Mortality in a 20-Year Follow-Up Study of Japanese General Population
Hirata, A., Okamura, T., Sugiyama, D., Kuwabara, K., Kadota, A., Fujiyoshi, A., Miura, K., Okuda, N., Ohkubo, T., Okayama, A., et al. (2016) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.33449 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Impact of Smoking Status on Long-Term Mortality in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Kinjo, K., Sato, H., Sakata, Y., Nakatani, D., Mizuno, H., Shimizu, M., Sasaki, T., Kijima, Y., Nishino, M., Uematsu, M., et al. (2005) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.69.7 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The Association Between Cholesterol and Mortality in Heart Failure Comparison Between Patients With and Without Coronary Artery Disease
Sakatani, T., Shirayama, T., Suzaki, Y., Yamamoto, T., Mani, H., Kawasaki, T., Sugihara, H., & Matsubara, H. (2005) · International Heart Journal · doi:10.1536/ihj.46.619 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Risk Factors of Atherosclerotic Diseases - Executive Summary of Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) Guideline for Diagnosis and Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases for Japanese
Teramoto, T., Sasaki, J., Ueshima, H., Egusa, G., Kinoshita, M., Shimamoto, K., Daida, H., Biro, S., Hirobe, K., Funahashi, T., et al. (2007) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.e578 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citation
Current Status of the Background of Patients With Coronary Artery Disease in Japan
Diseas, T. J. C. A. (2006) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.70.1256 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol/High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Ratio Predicts Lipid-Rich Coronary Plaque in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease - Integrated-Backscatter Intravascular Ultrasound Study -
Kimura, T., Itoh, T., Fusazaki, T., Matsui, H., Sugawara, S., Ogino, Y., Endô, H., Kobayashi, K., & Nakamura, M. (2010) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.cj-09-0849 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Design and Baseline Characteristics of a Study of Primary Prevention of Coronary Events With Pravastatin Among Japanese With Mildly Elevated Cholesterol Levels
Cholesterol, M. O. E. (2004) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.68.860 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Risk Factor Profiles of Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, and Atrial Fibrillation: A Japanese Multicenter Cooperative Registry
Uchiyama, S., Shibata, Y., Hirabayashi, T., Mihara, B., Hamashige, N., Kitagawa, K., Goto, S., Origasa, H., Shimada, K., Kobayashi, H., et al. (2010) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2009.04.004 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Pravastatin Use and the Five-year Incidence of Cancer in Coronary Heart Disease Patients: from the Prevention of Coronary Sclerosis Study
Sato, S., Ajiki, W., Kobayashi, T., & Awata, N. (2006) · Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.2188/jea.16.201 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Remnant Lipoproteins and Atherogenesis
Kawakami, A., & Yoshida, M. (2005) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.12.73 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Statins Do Not Protect Against Cancer: Quite the Opposite
Ravnskov, U., ROSCH, P. J., & McCully, K. S. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2014.58.9564 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
JCS 2023 Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease
Fujiyoshi, A., Kohsaka, S., Hata, J., Hara, M., Kai, H., Masuda, D., Miyamatsu, N., Nishio, Y., Ogura, M., Sata, M., et al. (2024) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.cj-23-0285 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Large-Scale Cohort Study on the Relationship Between Serum Lipid Concentrations and Risk of Cerebrovascular Disease Under Low-Dose Simvastatin in Japanese Patients With Hypercholesterolemia
Nakaya, N., Kita, T., Mabuchi, H., Matsuzaki, M., Matsuzawa, Y., Oikawa, S., Saitō, Y., Sasaki, J., Shimamoto, K., Itakura, H., et al. (2005) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.69.1016 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citation
Validation of homogeneous assays for HDL-cholesterol using fresh samples from healthy and diseased subjects
Miida, T., Nishimura, K., Okamura, T., Hirayama, S., Ohmura, H., Yoshida, H., Miyashita, Y., Ai, M., Tanaka, A., Sumino, H., et al. (2014) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.12.033 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“0259 mmol/L (1 mg/dL) increase in HDL-C level decreased the risk of coronary artery disease by 2e3% [9,10].”
Background
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between simvastatin and diltiazem in patients with hypercholesterolemia and hypertension
Watanabe, H., Kosuge, K., Nishio, S., Yamada, H., Uchida, S., Satoh, H., Hayashi, H., Ishizaki, T., & Ohashi, K. (2004) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2004.06.022 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Status of lipid-lowering therapy prescribedbased on recommendations in the 2002 report of the Japan Atherosclerosis Society Guideline for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hyperlipidemia in Japanese Adults: A study of the Japan Lipid Assessment Program (J-LAP)
Teramoto, T., Kashiwagi, A., Mabuchi, H., & J-LAP Investigators (2005) · Current Therapeutic Research · doi:10.1016/j.curtheres.2005.04.004 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citation
Comparison of pitavastatin with atorvastatin in increasing HDL-cholesterol and adiponectin in patients with dyslipidemia and coronary artery disease: The COMPACT-CAD study
Kurogi, K., Sugiyama, S., Sakamoto, K., Tayama, S., Nakamura, S., Biwa, T., Matsui, K., & Ogawa, H. (2013) · Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jjcc.2013.03.008 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Effect of pravastatin on endothelial dysfunction in children with medium to giant coronary aneurysms due to Kawasaki disease
Duan, C., Du, Z., Wang, Y., & Jia, L. (2014) · World Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s12519-014-0498-5 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Outcome of pitavastatin versus atorvastatin therapy in patients with hypercholesterolemia at high risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Moroi, M., Nagayama, D., Hara, F., Saiki, A., Shimizu, K., Takahashi, M., Sato, N., Shiba, T., Sugimoto, H., Fujioka, T., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.01.006 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio as a useful marker for early-stage carotid atherosclerosis
Tamada, M., Makita, S., Abiko, A., Naganuma, Y., Nagai, M., & Nakamura, M. (2009) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2009.09.009 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Japanese Criteria of Metabolic Syndrome
Oda, E., & Watanabe, K. (2006) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.70.364 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Biases in the Identification of Risk Factor Thresholds and J-Curves
Marschner, I. C., Simes, R. J., & KEECH, A. C. (2007) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwm145 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“For cardiovascular risk, cholesterol and blood pressure thresholds and J-curves have been observed in populations with existing disease (4–6) and populations without existing disease (7, 8).”
Background
Disease duration and severity impacts on long-term cardiovascular events in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Masuda, H., Miyazaki, T., Shimada, K., Tamura, N., Matsudaira, R., Yoshihara, T., Ohsaka, H., Sai, E., Matsumori, R., Fukao, K., et al. (2014) · Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jjcc.2014.02.018 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Association between the severity of obstructive sleep apnea and the ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
Kawano, Y., Tamura, A., & Kadota, J. (2011) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2011.06.004 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Efficacy and Safety of Alirocumab in Japanese Subjects (Phase 1 and 2 Studies)
Teramoto, T., Kobayashi, M., Uno, K., Takagi, Y., Matsuoka, O., Sugimoto, M., Inoue, S., Minami, F., & Baccara‐Dinet, M. T. (2016) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2016.04.011 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Obesity and Cancer: 27-Hydroxycholesterol, the Missing Link
Asghari, A., & Umetani, M. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21144822 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Statins Induce the Regression of Left Ventricular Mass in Patients With Angina
Nishikawa, H., Miura, S.-I., Zhang, B., Shimomura, H., Arai, H., Tsuchiya, Y., Matsuo, K., & Saku, K. (2004) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.68.121 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Risk of coronary events in Japanese patients with both hypercholesterolemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus on low-dose simvastatin therapy: Implication from Japan Lipid Intervention Trial (J-LIT)
Oikawa, S., Kita, T., Mabuchi, H., Matsuzaki, M., Matsuzawa, Y., Nakaya, N., Saito, Y., Sasaki, J., Shimamoto, K., & Itakura, H. (2007) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.04.017 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citation
Therapeutic targeting of lipid synthesis metabolism for selective elimination of cancer stem cells
Kim, W. (2018) · Archives of Pharmacal Research · doi:10.1007/s12272-018-1098-z · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Are Metabolic Factors Associated With Coronary Artery Stenosis on MDCT?
Mitsutake, R., Miura, S., Kawamura, A., & Saku, K. (2008) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.cj-08-0416 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Gender Difference in Coronary Events in Relation to Risk Factors in Japanese Hypercholesterolemic Patients Treated With Low-Dose Simvastatin
Sasaki, J., Kita, T., Mabuchi, H., Matsuzaki, M., Matsuzawa, Y., Nakaya, N., Oikawa, S., Saito, Y., Shimamoto, K., Kono, S., et al. (2006) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.70.810 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effect of Pravastatin on Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis in Patients After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Pravastatin Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Study
Makuuchi, H., Furuse, A., Endo, M., Nakamura, H., Daida, H., Watanabe, M., Ohashi, Y., Hosoda, Y., Hosoda, S., Yamaguchi, H., et al. (2005) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.69.636 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Correlation between HIV disease and lipid metabolism in antiretroviral-naïve HIV-infected patients in Japan
Oka, F., Naito, T., Oike, M., Imai, R., Saita, M., Inui, A., Mitsuhashi, K., Isonuma, H., & Shimbo, T. (2011) · Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1007/s10156-011-0275-5 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“A low HDL-C concentration increases the risk for coronary artery disease [20–22].”
Background
"Just Make It Lower" Is an Alternative Strategy of Lipid-Lowering Therapy With Statins in Japanese Patients - LDL-Cholesterol: The Lower, the Better; Is It True for Asians? (Con) -
Sakamoto, T., & Ogawa, H. (2010) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.cj-10-0537 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Treatment patterns in hyperlipidaemia patients based on administrative claim databases in Japan
Wake, M., Onishi, Y., Guelfucci, F., Oh, A., Hiroi, S., Shimasaki, Y., & Teramoto, T. (2018) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.03.023 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Lifestyle, Serum Lipids and Coronary Artery Disease: Comparison of Japan with the United States
Egusa, G., & Yamane, K. (2004) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.11.304 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Goals of Dyslipidemia Management Executive Summary of Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) Guideline for Diagnosis and Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases for Japanese
Teramoto, T., Sasaki, J., Ueshima, H., Egusa, G., Kinoshita, M., Shimamoto, K., Daida, H., Biro, S., Hirobe, K., Funahashi, T., et al. (2007) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.e554 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citation
Lipid Metabolism and Homeostasis in Patients with Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: From Risk Factor to Potential Therapeutic Target
Modica, R., Salvia, A. L., Liccardi, A., Cannavale, G., Minotta, R., Benevento, E., Faggiano, A., & Colao, A. A. L. (2022) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo12111057 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
An assessment of risk factors for the complexity of coronary artery disease using the SYNTAX score
Tanaka, T., Seto, S., Yamamoto, K., Kondo, M., & Otomo, T. (2012) · Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics · doi:10.1007/s12928-012-0112-5 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Unique Features of High-Density Lipoproteins in the Japanese: In Population and in Genetic Factors
Yokoyama, S. (2015) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu7042359 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“The age-adjusted prevalence of myocardial infarction was obtained as events per year per population of 1000 for every segment of serum LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentration, from the cohort study Japan Lipid Intervention Trial (J-LIT), six-year follow-up study of 47,294 patients treated with low-dose simva…”
Method
Statin Dose in Asians: Is Pharmacogenetics Relevant?
Wang, P. (2011) · Pharmacogenomics · doi:10.2217/pgs.11.98 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Efficacy and Safety of Morning Versus Evening Dose of Controlled-Release Simvastatin Tablets in Patients With Hyperlipidemia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Phase III Trial
Kim, S., Kim, M.-K., Seo, H. S., Hyun, M., Han, K., Cho, S.-W., Kim, Y.-K., & Park, S. H. (2013) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.06.020 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The Combination of the Ankle Brachial Index and Brachial Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity Exhibits a Superior Association with Outcomes in Diabetic Patients
Chang, L.-H., Lin, H.-D., Kwok, C., Won, J. G. S., Chen, H.-S., Chu, C., Hwu, C., Kuo, C., Jap, T., Shih, K., et al. (2014) · Internal Medicine · doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.53.2999 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
A Critical Review of the Consensus Statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel 2017
Okuyama, H., Hamazaki, T., Hama, R., Ogushi, Y., Kobayashi, T., Ohara, N., & Uchino, H. (2018) · Pharmacology · doi:10.1159/000486374 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Impact of Blood Pressure Control on Cardiovascular Events in 26,512 Japanese Hypertensive Patients: The Japan Hypertension Evaluation with Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan Therapy (J-HEALTH) Study, a Prospective Nationwide Observational Study
Shimamoto, K., Fujita, T., Ito, S., Naritomi, H., Ogihara, T., Shimada, K., Tanaka, H., & Yoshiike, N. (2008) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1291/hypres.31.469 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citation
Relationship of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size to thyroid function status in Koreans
Kim, C. S., Kang, J. G., Lee, S. J., Ihm, S. H., Yoo, H. J., Nam, J. S., Ahn, C. W., & Kim, K. R. (2008) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03436.x · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Primary Cardiovascular Events and Serum Lipid Levels in Elderly Japanese with Hypercholesterolemia Undergoing 6‐Year Simvastatin Treatment: A Subanalysis of the Japan Lipid Intervention Trial
Horiuchi, H., Kita, T., Mabuchi, H., Matsuzaki, M., Matsuzawa, Y., Nakaya, N., Oikawa, S., Saitō, Y., Sasaki, J., Shimamoto, K., et al. (2004) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52552.x · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“The overall results of the study clearly showed that the risk of CHD was positively correlated with LDL-C level and inversely correlated with HDL-C level in Japanese patients with hypercholesterolemia.(14,15) In this report, the J-LIT data of patients aged 65 to 70 without prior CHD were compared with those of patient…”
ResultSelf-citation
Effects of Atorvastatin Therapy on the Low-Density Lipoprotein Subfraction, Remnant-Like Particles Cholesterol, and Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Within 2 Weeks in Hypercholesterolemic Patients
Sakabe, K., Fukuda, N., Wakayama, K., Nada, T., Shinohara, H., & Tamura, Y. (2003) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.67.866 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Preventive effect of statin pretreatment on contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients undergoing coronary angioplasty: Propensity score analysis from a multicenter registry
Hoshi, T., Sato, A., Kakefuda, Y., Harunari, T., Watabe, H., Ojima, E., Hiraya, D., Abe, D., Nishina, H., Takeyasu, N., et al. (2013) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.12.017 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Total cholesterol and mortality from ischemic heart disease and overall cardiovascular disease in Korean adults
Kwon, D., Yi, J., Ohrr, H., & Yi, S. (2019) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000017013 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Effects of Carbohydrate and Dietary Fiber Intake, Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load on HDL Metabolism in Asian Populations
Yanai (2014) · Journal of Clinical Medicine Research · doi:10.14740/jocmr1884w · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Pitavastatin and HDL: Effects on plasma levels and function(s)
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Sustained reduction of serum cholesterol in low-dose 6-year simvastatin treatment with minimum side effects in 51,321 Japanese hypercholesterolemic patients - Implication of the J-LIT study, a large scale nationwide cohort study
Matsuzawa, Y., Kita, T., Mabuchi, H., Matsuzaki, M., Nakaya, N., Oikawa, S., Saito, Y., SASAKI, J., Shimamoto, K., Itakura, H., et al. (2003) · Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)
Self-citation

Authors: Matsuzaki, M., Kita, T., Mabuchi, H., Matsuzawa, Y., Nakaya, N., Oikawa, S., Saito, Y., Sasaki, J., Shimamoto, K., Itakura, H., & the J-LIT Study Group
Affiliations: Yamaguchi University (JP)
Kyoto University (JP)
Kanazawa University (JP)
Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
Fussa Hospital (JP)
Nippon Medical School (JP)
Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine
International University Graduate School of Health and Welfare
Sapporo Medical University (JP)
Ibaraki Christian University (JP)
ORCID: Oikawa, Shinichi
Venue: Circulation Journal
Publisher: Japanese Circulation Society
Published: 2002
Volume: 66
Issue: 12
Pages: 1087-1095
ISSN: 1346-9843 (ISSN-L)
1347-4820
DOI: 10.1253/circj.66.1087
OpenAlex: W2004878568
Cited by: 260
References: 52
Citations by year: 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 14.32
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Circulation Journal (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Kanazawa University Repository for Academic Resources (DSpace) (Kanazawa University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
Keywords: simvastatin, hypercholesterolemia, coronary artery disease, serum cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, J-curve, lipid-lowering therapy, all-cause mortality, statin therapy, Japanese patients
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Anticholesteremic Agents, Cholesterol, Coronary Disease, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hypercholesterolemia, Lipids, Male, Middle Aged, Osmolar Concentration, Risk Factors, Safety, Cohort Studies, Incidence, Simvastatin

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Large Scale Cohort Study of the Relationship Between Serum Cholesterol Concentration and Coronary Events With Low-Dose Simvastatin Therapy in Japanese Patients With Hypercholesterolemia: Primary Prevention Cohort Study of the Japan Lipid Intervention Trial (J-LIT)

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